VARIATIONS

VARIATIONS
A relationship between
two variables in such a
way that as one
quantity increases or
decreases the other
quantity also increases
or increases in a definite
way is called a variation.

The relationship
between the face mask
and price is called a
direct variation.
 VARIATIONS
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Direct Direct Power Inverse Joint Combined

𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙𝟐 𝒌 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙𝒛 𝒌𝒙
𝒚= 𝒚=
𝒙 𝒛
 DIRECT VARIATION
A direct variation is a variation in which the quotient of two variables is a
constant. It is sometimes called direct linear variation or direct proportion.

“y varies directly as x”
𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙
“y is directly proportional to x”

“y is proportional to x”
x and y denote two quantities

k - constant of variation
constant of proportionality
01
EXAMPLE
DIRECT VARIATION
1
Suppose that y varies directly as x and the constant of variation is 2.
Write the equation representing the relationship.
02
EXAMPLE
DIRECT VARIATION
If y varies directly as x and 𝑦 = 42 when 𝑥 = 7, find the constant of
variation and the equation of the variation.
03
EXAMPLE
DIRECT VARIATION
If x varies directly as y and 𝑥 = 35 when 𝑦 = 7, what is the value
of y when 𝑥 = 25?
04
EXAMPLE
DIRECT VARIATION
A quantity y varies directly as another quantity x. If 𝑥 = 20 then
𝑦 = 8, find the value of y when 𝑥 = 125.
SEATWORK 3

Open your CLE and answer

Seatwork 3 | Direct Variation
 DIRECT POWER VARIATION
A direct power variation is a variation where one quantity varies directly as
the power of the other quantity.

“y varies directly as the square of x”

𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙𝟐
“y varies as the square of x”

“y is directly proportional to the

square of x”
x and y denote two quantities

k - constant of variation
constant of proportionality
 01
EXAMPLE
DIRECT POWER VARIATION
If y varies directly as the square of x and 𝑦 = 36 when 𝑥 = 2,
what is the constant of variation and the equation of the
variation?
 02
EXAMPLE
DIRECT POWER VARIATION
If m is directly proportional to the cube of n so that 𝑚 = 16 when
𝑛 = 2, find m when 𝑛 = 5?
 INVERSE VARIATION
An inverse variation is a variation, which states that the product of two
quantities is constant. It can also be a proportion called indirect proportion.

“y varies inversely as x” 𝒌
𝒚=
“y is inversely proportional to x” 𝒙

“y varies inversely as the square of x” 𝒌

“y varies inversely as x squared” 𝒚= 𝟐
𝒙
“y is indirectly proportional to the
square of x”
x and y denote two quantities
k - constant of variation
constant of proportionality
01
EXAMPLE
INVERSE VARIATION
If y varies inversely as x and 𝑦 = 25 when 𝑥 = 6, find y when 𝑥 = 15.
02
EXAMPLE
INVERSE VARIATION
1
Suppose y varies inversely as x and 𝑦 = 5 when 𝑥 = 4, find x when
1
𝑦 = 35.
03
EXAMPLE
INVERSE VARIATION
If x varies inversely as square of y and 𝑦 = 6 when 𝑥 = 4, find x when
𝑦 = 8.
 SEATWORK 4

Open your CLE and answer

Seatwork 4 | Direct Power and Inverse Variation
 JOINT VARIATION
A joint variation is a variation where a quantity varies as the product of two
or more other quantities.

“y varies directly as the product of x and z”

𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙𝒛
“y varies jointly as x and z”

“y is directly proportional to the

product of x and z”
x and y denote two quantities

k - constant of variation
constant of proportionality
 01
EXAMPLE
JOINT VARIATION
Find the equation of the variation where a varies jointly as b and c,
and 𝑎 = 32, 𝑏 = 4, and 𝑐 = 2.
 02
EXAMPLE
JOINT VARIATION
If z is directly proportional to the product of x and y and 𝑧 = 60
when 𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 = 4, find z when 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 7.
 03
EXAMPLE
JOINT VARIATION
The volume of a cone varies jointly as its height and the square of the radius of its
base. The radius of the cone is 4 𝑐𝑚 when the height is 6 𝑐𝑚 and the volume is
32𝜋 𝑐𝑚3 . Find the volume of the cone whose radius is 4 cm and the height is 9 cm.
 SEATWORK 5

Open your CLE and answer

Seatwork 5 | Joint Variation
 COMBINED VARIATION
A combined variation involves a combination of direct and inverse variations
or joint and inverse variations.

“y varies directly as x and 𝒌𝒙

inversely as x” 𝒚=
𝒛
“y is directly proportional to x and
inversely as z”
x and y denote two quantities

k - constant of variation
constant of proportionality
01
EXAMPLE
COMBINED VARIATION
Find the equation of the combined variation when y varies directly
as x and inversely as z. If 𝑦 = 4 when 𝑥 = 6 and 𝑧 = 3, find y when
𝑥 = 20 and 𝑧 = 5.
02
EXAMPLE
COMBINED VARIATION
Suppose z varies directly as the square of t and inversely as u. When
𝑡 = 3 and 𝑢 = 12, 𝑧 = 3, find the value of z if 𝑡 = 5 and 𝑢 = 15.
03
EXAMPLE
COMBINED VARIATION
Given that z varies jointly as x and the square of y, and inversely as w;
and 𝑧 = 98 when 𝑥 = 7, 𝑦 = 3, and 𝑤 = 9, find the equation of
variation that describes the relation and the value of z when 𝑥 = 5,
𝑦 = 4, and 𝑤 = 3.
Prepare for
a quiz.

Coverage: VARIATIONS