PARTS OF SPEECH

NOUN = SUSTANTIVO → Nombres, lugares, cosas

ADJECTIVE = ADJETIVO → Describe y modifica el sustantivo
VERB= VERBO →Acciones, tiene tiempo verbal
PRONOUN = PRONOMBRE → i / she / he / they /our / it
CONJUNCTION = CONJUNCIÓN → conectores (and / but / or)
PREPOSITION = PREPOSICIONES → Describe una posición, lugar, direccion (under, on,
on, off, back)
INTERJECTION = INTERSECCIÓN → expresiones ( wow, aja, hey)

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

INNOVATION INNOVATE INNOVATIVE INNOVATIVELY

innovación innovar innovador / a innovadoramente

SUCCESS SUCCEED SUCCESSFUL SUCCESSFULLY

éxito tener éxito existoso exitosamente

INDUSTRY INDUSTRIALIZE INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIOUSLY

industria industrializar (se) industrial industrialmente

DESIGNER DESIGN ------- -----

diseñador diseño

DEVELOPMENT DEVELOP DEVELOPING DEVELOPED (adj)

desarrollo desarrollar desarrollando desarrollado

PERSONAL PRONOUNS VERB TO BE (ser y estar) tiempos verbales

pronouns PAST PRESENT P. PARTICIPLE

1° persona singular I WAS AM BEEN

2° persona singular YOU WERE ARE BEEN

3° persona singular HE / SHE / WAS IS BEEN

IT

1° persona plural WE WERE ARE BEEN

 2° persona plural YOU WERE ARE BEEN

3° persona plural THEY WERE ARE BEEN

SUBJECT CASE + verb verb + OBJECT CASE POSSESIVE CASE + noun

I ME MY

YOU YOU YOUR

HE / SHE / IT HIM / HER / IT HIS / HER / ITS

WE US OUR

YOU YOU YOUR

THEY THEM THEIR

AUTHOR' S PURPOSE / READER’S JOB

Autohor’ s purpose : to describe / to inform / to explain / to entertain / to persuade

SUFIJOS

VERBOS
> Regular - Irregular

> Conjugados
-Base form …………………………………. (study)

-Infinitivo → TO + verb …………………… (to study)

verbos terminados en AR-ER-IR se agrega TO

-Gerundio → ING (ando, endo, indo) …… (studying)

-3 era person → E/S (he, she , it) ………… (studies)

-Past → ED …………………………………. (studied)

-Past participle → ED……………………… (studied)

> Accion - estado - transitivos - intransitivos - enlace - modales -
auxiliares - frasales

HAVE = TENER
DO = HACER
CAN= PODER
WANT = QUERER

VERBOS DE ESTADO
Se refiere a estado de cosas estaticas. De situaciones y no de acciones. Solo se
utiliza con presente simple
Son los que hablan de los sentidos, preferencias, emociones, opiniones
( hear - see - smell - taste - have got - like - hate - want - agree - believe - know)

The pictures are nice ( estatico, estado de opinion)

I am looking at the pictures (accion en proceso)

VERBOS TRANSITIVOS
Verbo acción + preposicion + to (aveces)
Necesitan un objeto directo que complementa la acción

GET BACK (acción + preposicion) my money (objeto directo)

No puedo decir get back solo ¿devolver que? mi dinero

VERBOS INTRANSITIVOS
No requiere un objeto directo

COME OVER + and talk to me (puede o no estar)

Si digo ven aqui por si solo se entiende

VERBOS DE ENLACE
Palabras que unen ideas
AND , BUT, ALSO
VERBOS MODALES
Indican probabilidad
Son verbos que modulan la forma de hablar
(person + modal verbs + verb)

MIGHT / MIGHTN’T → algo que podria pasar menos

probable que may

MAY / MAY NOT → algo que podría pasar

CAN / CAN’T → algo que puedo o no puedo hacer

COULD / COULDN’T → pasado de can, algo que pude o no pude hacer.

SHOULD / SOULDN’T → consejo o sugerencia deberías

WOULD / WOULDN’T → terminación en IA indica futuro (yo estudiaría, compraría, me

ayudarias)

WILL / WILL NOT → indica futuro, algo que va a pasar ( yo nadaré, trabajaré)

MUST / MUSTN’T → indica deber, orden, algo que debes hacer

VERBOS AUXILIARES

BE ( SER Y ESTAR)
present= i / am / is (estoy) past = was / were (estuve) future= will be (estaras)
negative form in the past = was no / wasn’t were not / weren’t

DO ( HACER)
present = do / don’t (i / we / you / they) does / doesn’t ( he / she / it)
past = did / did not / didn’t (todos los pronombres)

HAVE (TENER)
present= have (i / we/ you / they) / has (she / he / it)
past = had (todos los pronombres)

WILL
futuro = will / will not o won’t

VERBOS FRASALES
COMPARATIVES
We use comparatives to express how two things are different
adjective comparative + than

Examples:
-This license is version-specific, so to update to a more recent version, you’ll
need to buy a new one.
-To run it properly, at least 12GB of RAM are necessary, although 16GB would
be better.
-Older version of SolidWorks may only work as far as Windows 10.

one-syllable two syllable two- syllable adjectives Irregular

adjectives adj. that ed adj. with no with to or adjectives
(se agrega er) in-y -y ending more
syllable

tall - taller happy- clever - more popular - more far - further

happier clever popular

big - bigger busy - busier current - ordinary - little - less

more current more ordinary

small -smaller sleepy - likely - more entertaining- good - better

sleepier likely more
entertaining

late - later heavy - useful - more important- bad - worse

heavier useful more
important

new - newer early - earlier expensive -

more
expensive

SUPERLATIVES
We use comparatives to show that one thing is different to all the others of its
kind
the + adjective superlative

Examples:
Inventor is from Autodesk and is one of the most popular Autodesk products.
Which platform is the cheapest?
Which program do you think is the best? Which one is the worst? Why?

one-syllable two syllable two- syllable adjectives Irregular

adjectives adj. that ed adj. with no with to or adjectives
in-y -y ending more
syllable
tall - the tallest happy - the clever - the popular - the far - hte
happiest most clever most popular furthest

big - the busy - the current - the ordinary - the little - the least
biggest busiest most current most ordinary

light - the sleepy - the recent- the entertaining - good-better

lightest sleepiest most recent the most the best
enternaining

cheap - the heavy - the useful- the important - the bad-worse

cheapest heaviest most useful most the worst
important

QUESTION FORM

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY + SUBJECT + INFINITIVE VERBS OBJECTS ?
VERBS
+
was / sujeto terminados en ar objeto
were / did er ir

Examples
Were students at the Bauhaus school from different social and educational
backgrounds? No, they weren’t

Did Marianne Brandt’s designs become iconic expressions of the Bauhaus

aesthetics? Yes, she did

DEVELOPED QUESTIONS
WH + AUXILIAR + SUBJECT + INFINI + OBJ ?
WORD Y VERB TIVE ECT
VERB

how
where
who
what
when