CHAPTER – 16

PROBABILITY
Exercise – 16.1
Page No 16.20:
Question 1: The probability that it will rain tomorrow is 0.85. What is the
probability that it will not rain tomorrow?
ANSWER:

T IO S
Given: Probability that it will rain 𝑃(𝐸 ) = 0.85

I
NO A D
TO FIND: Probability that it will not rain 𝑃(𝐸̅ )

CO N
A
CALCULATION: We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an

PY
event and probability of non-occurrence of an event is 1.
DO U A
T
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
ED PR

0.85 + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
C

𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 − 0.85
©

𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 0.15
Hence the probability that it will not rain is = 0.15

Page No 16.20:
Question 2: A die is thrown, Find the probability of getting:

(a) a prime number

(b) 2 or 4

(c) a multiple of 2 or 3
(d) an even prime number

(e) a number greater than 5

(f) a number lying between 2 and 6

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A dice is thrown once

T IO S
TO FIND

I
NO A D
(i) Probability of getting a prime number

CO N
A
(ii) Probability of getting 2 or 4

PY
DO U A
(iii) Probability of getting a multiple of 2 or 3.
T
(iv) Probability of getting an even number
ED PR

(v) Probability of getting a number greater than five.

C

(vi) Probability of lying between 2 and 6

©

Total number on a dice is 6.

(i) Prime number on a dice are 2,3,5
Total number of prime numbers on dice is 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
3 1
Hence probability of getting a prime number = =
6 2

(ii) for getting 2 and 4 favorable outcomes are 2

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
2 1
Hence probability of getting 2 or 4 = =
6 3
(iii) Multiple of 2 are 3 are 2, 3, 4 and 6
Hence favorable outcome is 4
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
4 2
Hence probability of getting an multiple of 2 or 3 = =
6 3

(iv) an even prime number is 2

Hence favorable outcome is 1

T IO S
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

I
Total number of event
NO A D
CO N
1
Hence probability of getting an even prime number =
A
6

PY
(v) A number greater than 5 is 6
DO U A
T
Hence favorable outcome is 1
ED PR

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
C

1
Hence probability of getting a number greater than 5 =
©

(vi) Total number on a dice is 6.

Number lying between 2 and 6 are 3, 4 and 5
Total number of number lying between 2 and 6 is 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
3 1
Hence probability of getting a number lying between 2 and 6 = =
6 2

Page No 16.20:
Question 3: Three coins are tossed together. Find the probability of
getting:
(a) exactly two heads

(b) at most two heads

(c) at least one head and one tail.

(d) no tails
ANSWER:

T IO S I
GIVEN: Three coins are tossed simultaneously.
NO A D
CO N
TO FIND: We have to find the following probability
A
When three coins are tossed then the outcome will be

PY
DO U A
TTT, THT, TTH, THH. HTT, HHT, HTH, HHH.
T
ED PR

Hence total number of outcome is 8.

(i) For exactly two head we get favorable outcome as THH, HHT, HTH
C

Hence total number of favorable outcome i.e. exactly two head 3

©

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
3
Hence probability of getting exactly two head is
8

(ii) In case, at least two head we have favorable outcome as TTT, THT,
TTH, THH. HTT, HHT, HTH
Hence total number of favorable outcome i.e. at most two head is 7
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting at most two head when three coins are tossed
7
simultaneously is equal to
8
(iii) At least one head and one tail we get in case THT, TTH, THH. HTT,
HHT, HTH,
Hence total number of favorable outcome i.e. at least one tail and one head
is 6
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
6
Hence probability of getting at least one head and one tail is equal to =
8
3

T IO S
4

I
(iv) No tail i.e. HHH
NO A D
CO N
Hence total number of favorable outcome is 1
A
Number of favourable event

PY
We know that PROBABILITY =
DO U A
Total number of event
T 1
Hence probability of getting no tail is
ED PR

8
C

Page No 16.20:
©

Question 4: A and B throw a pair of dice. If A throws 9, find B's chance

of throwing a higher number.
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A pair of dice is thrown
TO FIND: Probability that the total of numbers on the dice is greater than
9
Let us first write the all possible events that can occur
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),
Hence total number of events is 62 = 36
Favorable events i.e. getting the total of numbers on the dice greater than
9 are
(5,5), (5,6), (6,4), (4,6), (6,5) and (6,6),

T IO S
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. getting the total of numbers

I
NO A D
on the dice greater than 9 is 6

CO N
A
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

PY
DO U A
Hence probability of getting the total of numbers on the dice greater than
6
T 1
9 is =
ED PR

36 6
C

Page No 16.20:
©

Question 5: Two unbiased dice are thrown. Find the probability that the
total of the numbers on the dice is greater than 10.
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A pair of dice is thrown
TO FIND: Probability that the total of numbers on the dice is greater than
10
Let us first write the all possible events that can occur
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),
Hence total number of events is 62 = 36
Favorable events i.e. getting the total of numbers on the dice greater than
10
Is (5, 6), (6, 5) and (6, 6)

T IO S
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. getting the total of numbers

I
NO A D
on the dice greater than 10 is 3

CO N
A
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

PY
DO U A
Hence probability of getting the total of numbers on the dice greater than
3
T 1
10 is =
ED PR

36 12
C

Page No 16.20:
©

Question 6: A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. Find the

probability that the card drawn is
(i) a black king

(ii) either a black card or a king

(iii) black and a king

(iv) a jack, queen or a king

(v) neither a heart nor a king

(vi) spade or an ace

(vii) neither an ace nor a king

(viii) neither a red card nor a queen.

(ix) other than an ace

(x) a ten

T IO S I
(xi) a spade
NO A D
CO N
A
(xii) a black card

PY
DO U A
(xiii) the seven of clubs
T
ED PR

(xiv) jack
C

(xv) the ace of spades

©

(xvi) a queen

(xvii) a heart

(xviii) a red card

(xix) neither a king nor a queen

ANSWER:
Given: A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards
TO FIND: Probability of the following
Total number of cards = 52
(i) Cards which are black king is 2
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
2 1
Hence probability of getting a black king is equal to =
52 26

(ii) Total number of black cards is 26

Total numbers of kings are 4 in which 2 black kings are also included

T IO S
Hence total number of black card or king will be 26 + 2 = 28

I
NO A D
We know that PROBABILITY =
Number of favourable event

CO N
Total number of event
A
28 7
Hence probability of getting a black cards or a king = =

PY
DO U A
52 13
T
(iii) Total number of black and a king cards is 2
ED PR

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
C

2 1
Hence probability of getting a black cards and a king is =
©

52 26

(iv) A jack, queen or a king are 3 from each 4 suits

Total number of a jack, queen and king are 12
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
12 3
Hence probability of getting a jack, queen or a king is = =
52 13

(v) Total number of heart cards are 13 and king are 4 in which king of
heart is also included.
Total number of cards that are a heart and a kingie equal to 13 + 3 = 16
Hence Total number of cards that are neither a heart nor a king = 52 −
16 = 36
 Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
36 9
Hence probability of getting cards neither a heart nor a king = =
52 13

(vi) Total number of spade cards is 13

Total number of aces are 4 in which ace of spade is included in the spade
cards.
Hence total number of card which are spade or ace = 13 + 3 = 16

T IO S
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

I
Total number of event

NO A D
Hence probability of getting cards that is spade or an ace

CO N
A
= 1652=4131652=413

PY
(vii) Total number of ace card are 4 and king are 4
DO U A
T
Total number of cards that are 𝑎 ace and a king is equal to 4 + 4 = 8
ED PR

Hence Total number of cards that are neither an ace nor a kin is 52 − 8 =
44
C
©

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
44 11
Hence probability of getting cards neither an ace nor a king = =
52 13

(viii) Total number of red cards is 26

Total numbers of queens are 4 in which 2 red queens are also included
Hence total number of red card or queen will be 26 + 2 = 28
Hence Total number of cards that are neither a red nor a queen= 52 −
28 = 24
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
 24
Hence probability of getting neither a red card nor a queen is equal to =
52
6
13

(ix) Total number of card other than ace is 52 − 4 = 48

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
48 12
Hence probability of getting other than ace is =
52 13

T IO S
(x) Total number of ten is 4

I
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
NO A D Total number of event

CO N
4 1
A
Hence probability of getting a ten is =
52 13

PY
DO U A
(xi) Total number of spade is 13
T
Number of favourable event
ED PR

We know that PROBABILITY =

Total number of event
13 1
Hence probability of getting a spade = =
C

52 4
©

(xii) Total number of black cards is 26

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
26 1
Hence probability of getting black cards is =
52 2

(xiii) Total number of 7 of club is 1

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
1
Hence probability of getting a 7 of club is equal to =
52

(xiv) Total number of jack are 4

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
 4 1
Hence probability of getting jack =
52 13

(xv) Total number of ace of spade is 1

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
1
Hence probability of getting a ace of spade =
52

(xvi) Total number of queen is 4

Number of favourable event

T IO S
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

I
4 1
NO A D
Hence probability of getting a queen
52
=
13

CO N
A
(xvii) Total number of heart cards is 13

PY
DO U A
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
T
ED PR

13 1
Hence probability of getting a heart cards = =
52 4

(xviii) Total number of red cards is 26

C
©

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
26 1
Hence probability of getting a red cards = =
52 2

Page No 16.21:
Question 7: In a lottery of 50 tickets numbered 1 to 50, one ticket is
drawn. Find the probability that 𝑛 the drawn ticket bears a prime number.
ANSWER:
GIVEN: Tickets are marked with one of the numbers 1 to 50. One ticket
is drawn at random.
TO FIND: Probability of getting a prime number on the drawn ticket
Total number of tickets is 5.
Tickets marked prime number are
1,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,43,47,49
Total number of tickets marked prime is 15
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
15 3
Hence probability of getting a prime number on the ticket is =
50 10

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 16.21:

CO N
A
Question 8: An urn contains 10 red and 8 white balls. One ball is drawn

PY
at random. Find the probability that the ball drawn is white.
DO U A
T
ANSWER:
ED PR

GIVEN: A bag contains10 red, and 8 white balls

C

TO FIND: Probability that one ball is drawn at random and getting a white
©

ball
Total number of balls 10 + 8 = 18
Total number of white balls is 8
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
8 4
Hence probability of getting a white ball is =
18 9

Page No 16.21:
Question 9: A bag contains 3 red balls, 5 black balls and 4 white balls. A
ball is drawn at random from the bag. What is the probability that the ball
drawn is?
(a) white?

(b) red?

(c) black?

(d) not red?

ANSWER:

T IO S I
GIVEN: A bag contains 3 reds, 5 black and 4 white balls
NO A D
CO N
TO FIND: Probability of getting a
A
(i) White ball

PY
DO U A
(ii) Red ball
T
ED PR

(iii) Black ball

(iv) Not red ball
C

Total number of balls 3 + 5 + 4 = 12

©

(i) Total number white balls is 4

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
4 1
Hence probability of getting white ball = =
12 3

(ii) Total number red balls are 3

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
3 1
Hence probability of getting red ball is =
12 4

(iii) Total number of black balls is 5

 Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
5
Hence probability of getting black ball =
12

(iv) Total number of non-red balls are 4 white balls and 5 black balls
i.e. 4 + 5 = 9
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
9 3
Hence probability of getting non red ball =

T IO S
12 4

I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 16.21:
A
Question 10: What is the probability that a number selected from the

PY
DO U A
numbers 1, 2, 3, ...,15 is a multiple of 4?
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
GIVEN: Numbers are from 1 to 15. One number is selected
C

TO FIND: Probability that the selected number is multiple of 4

©

Total number is 15
Numbers that are multiple of 4 are 4,8,12,
Total number which is multiple of 4 is 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
3 1
Hence probability of selecting a multiple of 4 is =
15 5

Page No 16.21:
Question 11: A bag contains 5 white and 7 red balls. One ball is drawn at
random. What is the probability that ball drawn is not black?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A bag contains 6 red, 8 black and 4 white balls and a ball is drawn
at random
TO FIND: Probability that the ball drawn is not black
Total number of balls 6 + 8 + 4 = 18
Total number of black balls is 8
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

T IO S
Total number of event

I
8 4
Probability of getting a black ball 𝑃(𝐸 ) = …. (1)
NO A D 18 9

CO N
A
We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an event and probability
of non-occurrence of an event is 1.

PY
DO U A

Hence
T
ED PR

𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
4
+ 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
C

9
©

4
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 −
9
5
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
9

Page No 16.21:
Question 12: A bag contains 5 white and 7 red balls. One ball is drawn at
random. What is the probability that ball drawn is not black?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A bag contains 7 red, and 5 white balls and a ball is drawn at
random
TO FIND: Probability that the ball drawn is white
Total number of balls 7 + 5 = 12
Total number of white balls is 5
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
5
Probability of getting a white ball 𝑃(𝐸 ) =
12

Page No 16.21:

T IO S
Question 13: Tickets numbers from 1 to 20 are mixed up and a ticket is

I
NO A D
drawn at random. What is the probability that the ticket drawn has a

CO N
number which is a multiple of 3 or 7?
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A

GIVEN: Tickets are marked from 1 to 20 are mixed up. One ticket is
T
ED PR

picked at random.
TO FIND: Probability that the ticket bears a multiple of 3 or 7
C

Total number of cards is 20

©

Cards marked multiple of 3 or 7 are 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15 and18

Total number of cards marked multiple of 3 or 7 are 8
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
8 2
Hence probability of getting a, multiple of 3 or 7 is =
20 5

Page No 16.21:
Question 14: In a lottery there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. What is the
probability of getting a prize?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: In a lottery there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks.
TO FIND: Probability of winning a prize
Total number of tickets is 10 + 25 = 35
Total number of prize carrying tickets is 10
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
10 2
Hence probability of winning a prize is =
35 7

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 16.21:

CO N
A
Question 15: If the probability of winning a game is 0.3, what is the

PY
probability of losing it?
DO U A
T
ANSWER:
ED PR

Given: Probability of winning a game 𝑃(𝐸 ) = 0.3

TO FIND: Probability of losing the game 𝑃(𝐸̅ )
C
©

CALCULATION: We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an

event and probability of non-occurrence of an event is 1.
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
0.3 + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 − 0.3
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 0.7
Hence the probability of losing the game is 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 0.7

Page No 16.21:
Question 16: A bag contains 5 black, 7red and 3 white balls. A ball is
drawn from the bag at random. Find the probability that the ball drawn is:
(i) red

(ii) black or white

(iii) not black

ANSWER:

T IO S
GIVEN: A bag contains 7 red, 5 black and 3 white balls and a ball is drawn

I
at random
NO A D
CO N
TO FIND: Probability of getting a
A

PY
(i) Red ball
DO U A

(ii) Black or white ball

T
ED PR

(iii) Not black ball

Total number of balls 7 + 5 + 3 = 15
C
©

(i) Total number red balls are 7

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
7
Hence probability of getting a red ball is equal to =
15

(ii) Total number of black or white balls is 5 + 3 = 8

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
8
Hence probability of getting white or black ball =
15

(iii) Total number of black balls is 5

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
 5 1
Hence probability of getting black ball 𝑃(𝐸 ) = =
15 3

We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an event and probability

of non
occurrence of an event is 1
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
1
+ 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
3

T IO S
1
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 −

I
3

NO A D
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
2

CO N
3
A
2
Hence the probability of getting non-black ball 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =

PY
DO U A
3
T
ED PR

Page No 16.21:
Question 17: A bag contains 4 red, 5 black and 6 white balls. A ball is
C
©

drawn from the bag at random. Find the probability that the ball drawn is:
(a) white

(b) red

(c) not black

(d) red or white

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A bag contains 4 red, 5 black and 6white balls and a ball is drawn
at random
TO FIND: Probability of getting a
(i) white ball
(ii) red ball
(iii) not black ball
(iv) red or white
Total number of balls 4 + 5 + 6 = 15
(i) Total number white balls are 6

T IO S I
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
NO A D Total number of event

CO N
6 2
A
Hence probability of getting white a ball is =
15 15

PY
DO U A
(ii) Total number of red are 4
T
Number of favourable event
ED PR

We know that PROBABILITY =

Total number of event
4
Hence probability of getting red a ball is equal to =
C

15
©

(iii) Total number of black balls are 5

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
5 1
Hence probability of getting black ball 𝑃(𝐸 ) = =
15 5

We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an event and probability

of non-occurrence of an event is 1.
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
1
+ 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
3
1
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 −
3
 2
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
3
2
Hence the probability of getting non-black ball is 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
3

(iv) Total number of red or white balls is 4 + 6 = 10

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
10 2
Hence probability of getting white or red ball =
15 3

T IO S I
Page No 16.21:
NO A D
CO N
Question 18: One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards.
A
Find the probability of getting:

PY
DO U A
(i) a king of red suit
T
ED PR

(ii) a face card

C

(iii) a red face card

©

(iv) a queen of black suit

(v) a jack of hearts

(vi) a spade

ANSWER:
GIVEN: One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards
TO FIND: Probability of following
Total number of cards is 52
(i) Cards which are king of red suit are 2
Total number of Cards which are king of red suit is 2
Number of favorable event i.e. Total number of Cards which are king of
red suit is 2
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
2 1
Hence probability of getting cards which are king of red suit is =
52 26

T IO S
(ii) Total number of face cards are 12

I
NO A D
Number of favorable event i.e. total number of face cards is 12

CO N
Number of favourable event
A
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

PY
DO U A
12 3
Hence probability of getting face cards is =
52 13
T
ED PR

(iii) Total number of red face cards are 6

Number of favorable events i.e. total number of red face cards is 6
C

Number of favourable event

©

We know that PROBABILITY =

Total number of event
6 3
Hence probability of getting red face cards is =
52 26

(iv) Total number of queen of black suit cards is 2

Total Number of favorable event i.e. total number of queen of black suit
cards is 2
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting cards which are queen of black suit cards
2 1
is =
52 26

(v) Total number of jack of hearts is 1

 Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
1
Hence probability of getting cards which are jack of heart is equal to =
52

(vi) Total number of spade cards are 13

Total Number of favorable event i.e. total number of queen of black suit
cards are 13
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

T IO S
13 1
Hence probability of getting spade cards is =

I
52 4
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 16.21:

PY
DO U A
Question 19: Five cards−ten, jack, queen, king, and an ace of diamonds
T
ED PR

are shuffled face downwards. One card is picked at random.

(i) What is the probability that the card is a queen?

C
©

(ii) If a king is drawn first and put aside, what is the probability that the
second card picked up is the ace?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: Five cards-ten, jack, queen, king and Ace of diamond are
shuffled face downwards
TO FIND: Probability of following
Total number of cards are5
(i) Cards which is a queen
Total number of Cards which are queen is 1
Number of favorable event i.e. Total number of Cards which are queen is
1
 Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
1
Hence probability of getting cards which are queen
5

(ii) If a king is drawn first and put aside then

Total number of cards is 4
Number of favorable event i.e. Total number of ace card is 1
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

T IO S
Total number of event

I
1
Hence probability of getting ace cards =
NO A D 4

CO N
A

PY
Page No 16.21:
DO U A
T
Question 20: A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn
ED PR

at random from the bag. What is the probability that the ball drawn is?
(i) red
C
©

(ii) black
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A bag contains 3 red, and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random
TO FIND: Probability of getting a
(i) red ball
(ii) white ball
Total number of balls 3 + 5 = 8
(i) Total number red balls are 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
 3
Hence probability of getting red ball is equal to =
8

(ii) Total number of black ball are 5

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
5
Hence probability of getting black ball =
8

Page No 16.21:

T IO S I
Question 21: A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow which is
NO A D
equally likely to come to rest pointing to one of the number, 1, 2, 3, ..., 12

CO N
A
as shown in following figure. What is the probability that it will point to?

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

(i) 10?

(ii) an odd number?

(iii) a number which is multiple of 3?

(iv) an even number?

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow which is equally
likely to come to rest pointing number 1,2,3….12
TO FIND: Probability of following
Total number on the spin is 12
(i) Favorable event i.e. to get 10 is 1
Total number of Favorable event i.e. to get 10 is 1
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
1
Hence probability of getting a10 =
12

T IO S
(ii) Favorable event i.e. to get an odd number are 1,3,5,7,9,11,

I
NO A D
Total number of Favorable event i.e. to get a prime number is 6

CO N
A
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

PY
DO U A
6 1
Hence probability of getting a prime number is =
T
12 2
ED PR

(iii) Favorable event i.e. to get a multiple of 3 are 3,6,9,12

Total number of Favorable event i.e. to get a multiple of 3 is 4
C
©

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
4 1
Hence probability of getting multiple of 3 = =
12 3

(iv) Favorable event i.e. to get an even number are 2,4,6,8,10,12

Total number of Favorable events i.e. to get an even number is 6
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
6 1
Hence probability of getting an even number is =
12 2
 Page No 16.22:
Question 22: In a class, there are 18 girls and 16 boys. The class teacher
wants to choose one pupil for class monitor. What she does, she writes the
name of each pupil on a card and puts them into a basket and mixes
thoroughly. A child is asked to pick one card from the basket. What is the
probability that the name written on the card is?
(i) the name of a girl
(ii) the name of a boy?

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
GIVEN: In a class there are 18 girls and 16 boys, the class teacher wants

CO N
A
to choose one name. The class teacher writes all pupils name on a card

PY
and puts them in basket and mixes well thoroughly. A child picks one card
DO U A

TO FIND: The probability that the name written on the card is

T
ED PR

(i) The name of a girl

(ii) The name of a boy
C
©

Total number of students in the class 18 + 16 = 34

(i) Total numbers of girls are 18 hence favorable cases are 18
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
18 9
Hence probability of getting a name of girl on the card picked = =
34 17

(ii) Total numbers of boys are 16 hence favorable cases are 16

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
16 8
Hence probability of getting a name of boy on the card picked = −
34 17
 Page No 16.22:
Question 23: Why is tossing a coin considered to be a fair way of deciding
which team should choose ends in a game of cricket?
ANSWER:
When we toss a coin then the outcomes have the same probability for its
occurrence they are equally likely events. So, the result of an individual
coin toss is completely unpredictable.

T IO S I
Page No 16.22:
NO A D
CO N
Question 24: What is the probability that a number selected at random
A
from the number 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4 will be their average?

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

GIVEN: A number is selected from the numbers 1,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4

TO FIND: Probability that the selected number is the average of the
C

numbers
©

Total numbers are 10

Average of numbers is
1+2+2+3+3+3+4+4+4+4
=
10
30
=
10

=3
Total numbers of numbers which are average of these numbers are 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence Probability that the selected number is the average of the numbers
3
=
10
 Page No 16.22:
Question 25: There are 30 cards, of same size, in a bag on which numbers
1 to 30 are written. One card is taken out of the bag at random. Find the
probability that the number on the selected card is not divisible by 3.
ANSWER:
GIVEN: Cards are marked with one of the numbers 1 to 30 are placed in
a bag and mixed thoroughly. One card is picked at random.

T IO S
TO FIND: Probability of getting a number not divisible by 3 on the picked
card.

I
NO A D
Total number of cards is 30

CO N
A
Cards marked number not divisible by 3 is

PY
DO U A
1,2,4,5,7,8,10,11,13,14,16,17,19,20,22,23,25,26,28,29.
T
ED PR

Total number of cards marked numbers not divisible by 3 is 20

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
C

Total number of event

©

20 2
Hence probability of getting a number divisible by 3 on the card = =
30 3

Page No 16.22:
Question 26: A bag contains 5 red, 8 white and 7 black balls. A ball is
drawn at random form the bag. Find the probability that the drawn ball is
(i) red or white (ii) not black (iii) neither white nor black.
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A bag contains 5 red, 7 black and 8 white balls and a ball is drawn
at random
TO FIND: Probability of getting a
(i) red or white ball
(ii) not black ball
(iii) neither white nor black
Total number of balls 5 + 7 + 8 = 20
(i) Total number red and white balls are 5 + 8 = 13
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

T IO S
13
Hence probability of getting red or white ball =

I
20

NO A D
(ii) Total number of black balls are 7

CO N
A
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

PY
Total number of event
DO U A
7
Hence probability of getting black ball 𝑃(𝐸 ) =
T
20
ED PR

We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an event and probability

of non-occurrence of an event is 1.
C

𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
©

7
+ 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
20
7
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 −
20
20−7
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
20
13
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
20
13
Hence the probability of getting a non-black ball is 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
20

(iii) Total number of neither red nor black balls i.e. red ball is 5
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
 5 1
Hence probability of getting neither white nor black ball =
20 4

Page No 16.22:
Question 27: Find the probability that a number selected from the number
1 to 25 is not a prime number when each of the given numbers is equally
likely to be selected.
ANSWER:

T IO S
GIVEN: A number is selected from numbers 1 to 25

I
NO A D
TO FIND: Probability of getting a number which is not a prime.

CO N
A
Total number of cards is 25.

PY
DO U A

Total number of elementary events = 25

T
ED PR

Cards bearing non-prime numbers are

1,4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15,16,18,20,21,22,24, 25
C

Total number of cards bearing non-prime numbers = 16

©

Number of favourable elementary events = 16

number of favourable elementary events
We know that, Probability =
Total number of elementary events
16
So, P (getting a card bearing a non-prime number) =
25

Page No 16.22:
Question 28: A bag contains 8 red, 6 white and 4 black balls. A ball is
drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability that the drawn ball is
(i) red or white
(ii) not black

(iii) neither white nor black.

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A bag contains 8 red, 4 black and 6 white balls and a ball is drawn
at random
TO FIND: Probability of getting a

T IO S
(i) red or white ball

I
(ii) not black ball
NO A D
CO N
(iii) neither white nor black
A
Total number of balls 8 + 4 + 6 = 18

PY
DO U A

(i) Total number red and white balls are

T
ED PR

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
C

14 7
Hence probability of getting red or white ball =
18 9
©

(ii) Total number of black balls is 4

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
4 2
Hence probability of getting black ball 𝑃(𝐸 ) = =
18 9

We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an event and probability

of non-occurrence of an event is 1.
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
2
+ 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
9
2
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 −
9
 9−2
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
9
7
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
9
7
Hence the probability of getting non-black ball is 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
9

(iii) Total number of neither red nor black balls i.e. red ball is 8
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

T IO S
8 4
Hence probability of getting neither white nor black ball =
18 9

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 16.22:

PY
DO U A
Question 29: Find the probability that a number selected at random from
T
the numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., 35 is a
ED PR

(i) prime number

C

(ii) multiple of 7
©

(iii) a multiple of 3 or 5
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A number is selected from numbers 1 to 35
TO FIND: Probability of getting a number
(i) which is a prime number
(ii) multiple of 7
(iii) multiple of 3 or 5
Total number of cards is 35
(i) Numbers that are primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 and 31
Total prime numbers from 1 to 35 are11
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting a number which is a prime from 1 to 35 is

11
equal to =
35

(ii) Numbers that are multiple of 7 are 7,14,21,28,35

Total number that are multiple of 7 from 1 to 35 are5

T IO S
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

I
Total number of event

NO A D
Hence probability of getting number that is multiple of 7 from 1 to 35

CO N
A
5 1
is =
35 7

PY
DO U A
(iii) Numbers that are multiple of 3 and 5 are 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20,
T
21, 24, 25, 27, 30, 33 and 35
ED PR

Total numbers that are multiple of 3 or 5 from 1 to 35 is 16

C

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
©

Total number of event

Hence probability of getting number that is multiple of 3 or 5 from 1 to

16
35 is equal to =
35

Page No 16.22:
Question 30: From a pack of 52 playing cards Jacks, queens, Kings and
aces of red colour are removed. From the remaining, a card is drawn at
random. Find the probability that the card drawn is
(i) a black queen

(ii) a red card

(iii) a black jack

(iv) a picture card (Jacks, queens and Kings are picture cards).
ANSWER:
Given: The Kings, Queens, Aces and Jacks of red color are removed from
a deck of 52 playing cards and the remaining cards are shuffled and a card
is drawn at random from the remaining cards
TO FIND: Probability of getting a card of

T IO S
(i) A black queen

I
NO A D
(ii) A red card

CO N
A
(iii) A black jack

PY
DO U A
(iv) A picture card
T
ED PR

After removing the kings, queens, aces and the jacks of red color from the
pack of 52 playing cards
C

Total number of cards left: 52 − 8 = 44

©

(i) Cards which are black queen is 2

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
2 1
Hence probability of getting a black queen = =
44 22

(ii) Cards which are red are from 2 suits

Total number of red cards is 13 × 2 = 26
From this the kings, queens, aces and jacks of red color are taken out.
Hence total number of red cards left is 26 − 8 = 18
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
 18 9
Hence probability of getting a red card is =
44 22

(iii) Cards which are black jack are from 2 suits

Total number of black jack is 2 × 1 = 2
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
2 1
Hence probability of getting a black jack card =
44 22

(iv) Cards which are picture cared are from 4 suits

T IO S I
Total number of picture cards is 4 × 3 = 12
NO A D
CO N
From this the kings, queens, and jacks of red color are taken out.
A
Hence total number of picture card left is 12 − 6 = 6

PY
DO U A
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
T
Total number of event
ED PR

6 3
Hence probability of getting an picture card = =
44 22
C
©

Page No 16.22:
Question 31: A bag contains lemon flavoured candles only. Malini takes
out one candy without looking into the bag. what is the probability that
she takes out?
(i) an orange flavoured candy?

(ii) a lemon flavoured candy?

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A bag contains lemon flavored candies only. Malini takes out
one candy without looking into the bag,
TO FIND: Probability that she takes out
(i) An orange flavored candy
(ii) A lemon flavored candy
(i) Probability of taking out orange flavored candy is 0 as it is an
impossible event, because the bag is filled only with lemon flavored
candies
(ii) Probability of taking out lemon flavored candy is 1 as it is a sure event,
because the bag is filled only with lemon flavored candies.

T IO S I
Page No 16.23:
NO A D
CO N
Question 32: It is given that in a group of 3 students, the probability of 2
A
students not having the same birthday is 0.992. What is the probability

PY
DO U A
that the 2 students have the same birthday?
T
ANSWER:
ED PR

Given: Probability that 2 students should not have the same

birthday 𝑃(𝐸 ) = 0.992
C
©

TO FIND: Probability that 2 students should have the same birthday 𝑃(𝐸̅ )
CALCULATION: We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an
event and probability of non-occurrence of an event is 1.
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
0.992 + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 − 0.992
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 0.008
Hence the probability that should have the same birthday is 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
0.008.
 Page No 16.23:
Question 33: A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls. A ball is draw
at random from the bag. What is the probability that the ball drawn is (i)
red? (ii) not red?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A bag contains 3 red and 5 black balls and a ball is drawn at
random from the bag

T IO S
TO FIND: Probability of getting a

I
(i) red ball
NO A D
CO N
(ii) not red ball
A
Total number of balls 3 + 5 = 8

PY
DO U A

(i) Total number red balls are 3

T
ED PR

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
C

3
Hence probability of getting red ball is =
8
©

3
(ii) Probability of getting red ball 𝑃(𝐸 ) =
8

We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an event and probability

of non-occurrence of an event is 1.
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
3
+ 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
8
3
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 −
8
8−3 5
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = =
8 8
5
Hence the probability of getting not red ball 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
8
 Page No 16.23:
Question 34: A box contains 5 red marbels, 8 white marbles and 4 green
marbles, one marble is taken out of the box at ramdom. What is the
probability that the marble taken out will be (i) red? (ii) white?
(iii) not green?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A box contains 5 red, 4 green and 8 white marbles and a marble
is drawn at random

T IO S
TO FIND: Probability of getting a marble

I
NO A D
(i) red

CO N
A
(ii) white

PY
DO U A
(iii) not green
T
ED PR

Total number of marble: 5 + 4 + 8 = 17

(i) Total number red marble are 5
C

Number of favourable event

©

We know that PROBABILITY =

Total number of event
5
Hence probability of getting red marble =
17

(ii) Total number of white marbles are 8

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
8
Hence probability of getting white marble is =
17

(iii) Total number of green marbles is 4

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
4
Hence probability of getting green marbles 𝑃(𝐸 ) =
17
We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an event and probability
of non-occurrence of an event is 1.
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
4
+ 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
17
4
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 −
17
17−4 13
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = =
27 17

T IO S
13
Hence the probability of getting green marbles is 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =

I
17
NO A D
CO N
Page No 16.23:
A
Question 35: A lot consists of 144 ball pens of which 20 are defective

PY
DO U A
and others good. Nutri will buy a pen if it is good, but will not buy if it is
T
defective. the shopkeeper draws one pen at random and gives it to her.
ED PR

What is the probability that?

(i) She will buy it?
C
©

(ii) She will not buy it?

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A lot consists of 144 ball pens of which 20 are defective and
others good
Nuri will buy a pen if it is good but will not buy if it is defective. The shop
keeper draws one pen at random and gives it to her
TO FIND: Probability that
(i) She will buy
(ii) She will not buy
Total number of bulbs is 144
(i) Total numbers of bulbs which are non-defective is 144 − 20 = 124
 Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probabilities that she will buy a good pen which is not defective
124 31
is =
144 36

(ii) We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an event and

probability of non-occurrence of an event is 1.
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
31

T IO S
+ 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
36

I
31
NO A D 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 −

CO N
36
A
5
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =

PY
36
DO U A
5
Hence probabilities that she will not buy a good pen is equal to =
T
36
ED PR
C

Page No 16.23:
©

Question 36: 12 defective pens are accidently mixed with 132 good ones.
It is not possible to just look at pen and tell whether or not it is defective.
one pen is taken out at random from this lot. Determine the probability
that the pen taken out is good one.
ANSWER:
GIVEN: 12 defective pens are accidently mixed with 132 good ones. One
pen is taken out at random from this lot.
TO FIND: Probability that the pen taken out is good.
Total number of bulbs is 132 + 12 = 144
Total numbers of bulbs which are good are 132
 Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
132 11
Hence probability that pen taken out is good is =
144 12

Page No 16.23:
Question 37: Five cards − the ten, jack, queen, king and ace of diamonds,
are well-shuffled with their face downwards. One card is then picked up

T IO S
at random.

I
(i) What is the probability that the card is the queen?
NO A D
CO N
(ii) If the queen is drawn and put a side, what is the probability that the
A
second card picked up is (a) an ace? (b) a queen?

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

GIVEN: Five cards-the ten, jack, queen, king and ace of diamond are well
shuffled with their face downwards of cards. One card is drawn at random.
C

TO FIND: Probability that

©

(i) The card is the queen.

(ii) If the queen is drawn and left aside, what is the probability that the
second card picked up is (a) an ace (b) a queen
Total number of cards is 5
(i) Total number of queens is 1
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
1
Hence probability that the card taken out is queen is equal to =
5

(ii) When queen is drawn and left aside.

Hence Total number of cards left is 4
(a) Total number of ace card is 1
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
1
Hence probability that the card taken out is an ace is equal to =
4

(b) Total numbers of queen is 0

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probabilities that card taken out is queen = 0

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 16.23:
A
Question 38: Harpreet tosses two different coins simultaneously (say, one

PY
DO U A
is of Re 1 and other of Rs 2). What is the probability that he gets at least
T
one head?
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

GIVEN: Harpreet tosses two different coins simultaneously (Re1 and

©

Rs2)
TO FIND: Probability of getting at least one head.
When two coins are tossed then the outcome will be
TT, HT, TH, HH.
Hence total number of outcome is 4.
At least one head means 1H or 2H
Hence total number of favorable outcome i.e. at least one head is 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
3
Hence probability of getting at least one head =
4
 Page No 16.23:
Question 39: Cards marked with numbers 13, 14, 15, ..., 60 are placed in
a box and mixed thoroughly. One card is drawn at random from the box.
Find the probability that number on the card drawn is

(i) divisible by 5
(ii) a number is a perfect square
ANSWER:

T IO S
GIVEN: Cards are marked with numbers 13 to 60 are placed in a box and

I
NO A D
mixed thoroughly. If one card is drawn at random from the box

CO N
A
TO FIND: Probability that it bears

PY
DO U A
(i) A number divisible by 5
T
(ii) A perfect square
ED PR

Total number of cards is 60 − 13 + 1 = 48

C

(i) Cards marked with a number divisible by 5 are

©

15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60

Total numbers of cards marked numbers divisible by 5 from 13 to 60 is
10
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting card marked with numbers divisible by 5

10 5
from 13 to 60 is =
48 24

(ii) Cards marked a perfect squared numbers are 16, 25, 36 and 49
Total number of disc marked with perfect square from 13 to 60 is 4
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
Hence probability of getting disc marked with perfect square numbers
4 1
from 13 to 60 is =
48 12

Page No 16.23:
Question 40: A bag contains tickets numbered 11, 12, 13, ..., 30. A ticket
is taken out from the bag at random. Find the probability that the number
on the drawn ticket (i) is a multiple of 7 (ii) is greater than 15 and a
multiple of 5.

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
GIVEN: Tickets are marked with one of the numbers 11, 12, 13…30 are
NO A D
CO N
placed in a bag and mixed thoroughly. One ticket is picked at random.
A
TO FIND: Probability of getting

PY
DO U A
(i) multiple of 7
T
ED PR

(ii) greater than15 and multiple of 5

Total number of cards is 30 − 11 + 1 (since 11 and 30 both are included)
C

(i) Numbers that are multiple of 7 are 7, 14, 21 and 28

©

Total numbers that are multiple of 7 from 11 to 30 is 4

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting number that is multiple of 7 from 11 to 30

4 1
is =
20 5

(ii) Numbers that are greater than 15 and multiple of 5 are 20,25,30
Total numbers that are greater than 15 and multiple of 5 from 11 to 30 is
3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
Hence probability of getting numbers that is greater than 15 and multiple
3
of 5 from 11 to 30 =
20

Page No 16.23:
Question 41: Fill in the blanks:
(i) Probability of a sure event is ...............

(ii) Probability of an impossible event is ................

T IO S
(iii) The probability of an event (other than sure and impossible event)

I
lies between .................
NO A D
CO N
A
(iv) Every elementary event associated to a random experiment has

PY
.............. probability.
DO U A
T
ED PR

(v) Probability of an event A + Probability of event 'not A' = ................

(vi) Sum of the probabilities of each outcome in an experiment is

C

................
©

ANSWER:
Fill in the blanks:
1. Probability of sure event is 1 as it is certain that it will occur always.
2. Probability of impossible event is 0 as it will never occur.
3. Probability of an event other than sure and impossible event lies
between 0 and 1.
4. Every elementary event associated to a random experiment had equal
probability
5. Probability of an event A + Probability of event ‘not A’ = 1.
6. Sum of the probabilities of each outcome in an experiment is 1
 Page No 16.23:
Question 42: Examine each of the following statements and comment:

(i) If two coins are tossed at the same time, there are 3 possible
outcomes−two heads, two tails, or one of each. Therefore, for each
outcome, the probability of occurrence is 1/3.
(ii) If a die in thrown once, there are two possible outcomes − an odd
number or an even number. Therefore, the probability of obtaining an odd

T IO S
number is 1/2 and the probability of obtaining an even number is 1/2.

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
(i)
A

PY
Incorrect
DO U A

When two coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are (H, H), (H, T), (T,
T
ED PR

H), and (T, T). It can be observed that there can be one of each in two
possible ways − (H, T), (T, H).
C

1
Therefore, the probability of getting two heads is , the probability of
©

4
1 1
getting two tails is , and the probability of getting one of each is .
4 2
1
It can be observed that for each outcome, the probability is not .
3

(ii)
Correct
When a dice is thrown, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Out
of these, 1, 3, 5 are odd and 2, 4, 6 are even numbers.
1
Therefore, the probability of getting an odd number is .
2
1
Similarly, the probability of getting an even number is .
2
 Page No 16.23:
Question 43: A box contains 100 red cards, 200 yellow cards and 50 blue
cards. If a card is drawn at random from the box, then find the probability
that it will be (i) a blue card (ii) not a yellow card (iii) neither yellow nor
a blue card. [CBSE 2012]
ANSWER:
Total number of cards = 100 + 200 + 50 = 350

T IO S
∴ Total number of outcomes = 350

I
NO A D
CO N
(i) Number of blue cards = 50
A

PY
So, the number of favourable outcomes are 50.
DO U A
T
ED PR

Favourable number of outcomes 50 1

∴ P(drawing a blue card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 350 7
C

(ii) Number of cards which are not yellow = 100 + 50 = 150

©

So, the number of favourable outcomes are 150.

Favourable number of outcomes 150

∴ P(drawing a non-yellow card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 350
3
7

(iii) Number of cards which are neither yellow nor blue = 100

So, the number of favourable outcomes are 100.

∴ P(drawing a card which is neither yellow nor blue)

Favourable number of outcomes 100 2
= = =
Total number of outcomes 350 7
 Page No 16.24:
Question 44: A box contains cards numbered 3, 5, 7, 9, ..., 35, 37. A card
is drawn at random form the box. Find the probability that the number on
the drawn card is a prime number.
ANSWER:
The numbers 3, 5, 7, 9, ..., 35, 37 are in AP.

Here, a = 3 and d = 5 − 3 = 2

T IO S I
Suppose there are n terms in the AP.
NO A D
CO N
A
∴ 𝑎𝑛 = 37

PY
DO U A
⇒ 3 + (𝑛 − 1) × 2 = 37 [𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
T
⇒ 2𝑛 + 1 = 37
ED PR

⇒ 2𝑛 = 37 − 1 = 36
C

⇒ 𝑛 = 18
©

∴ Total number of outcomes = 18

Let 𝐸 be the event of drawing a card with prime number on it.

Out of the given numbers, the prime numbers are 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,
23, 29, 31 and 37.

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 11.

Favourable number of outcomes 11

∴ Required probability = P(E) = =
Total number of outcomes 18
 Page No 16.24:
Question 45: A group consists of 12 persons, of which 3 are extremely
patient, other 6 are extremely honest and rest are extremely kind. A person
form the group is selected at random. Assuming that each person is
equally likely to be selected, find the probability of selecting a person who
is (i) extremely patient (ii) extremely kind or honest. Which of the above
you prefer more? [CBSE 2013]
ANSWER:

T IO S
Number of persons in the group = 12

I
NO A D
CO N
∴ Total number of outcomes = 12
A

PY
(i) Number of persons who are extremely patient = 3
DO U A
T
ED PR

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 3.

∴ P(selecting a person who is extremely patient)

C

Favourable number of outcomes 3 1

©

= = =
Total number of outcomes 12 4

(ii) Number of persons who are extremely honest = 6

Number of persons who are extremely kind = 12 − (3 + 6) = 3

∴ Number of persons who are extremely kind or honest = 6 + 3 = 9

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 9.

∴ P(selecting a person who is extremely kind or honest) =

Favourable number of outcomes 9 3
= =
Total number of outcomes 12 4
 Page No 16.24:
Question 46: Cards numbered 1 to 30 are put in a bag. A card is drawn at
random from this bag. Find the probability that the number on the drawn
card is
(i) not divisible by 3
(ii) a prime number greater than 7
(iii) not a perfect square
number [CBSE 2014]

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
Total number of outcomes = 30

CO N
A
(i) There are 10 numbers divisible by 3.

PY
DO U A
T
∴ Number of numbers not divisible by 3 = 30 − 10 = 20
ED PR

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 20.

C
©

∴ P(drawing a card with number not divisible by 3) =

Favourable number of outcomes 20 2
= =
Total number of outcomes 30 3

(ii) Prime numbers greater than 7 are 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 and 29.

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 6.

∴ P(drawing a card with prime number greater than 7)

Favourable number of outcomes 6 1
= = =
Total number of outcomes 30 5

(iii) The perfect squares are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25. These are 5 in number.

∴ Number of numbers which are not perfect squares = 30 − 5 = 25

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 25.

∴ P(drawing a card with not a perfect square number)

Favourable number of outcomes 25 5
= = =
Total number of outcomes 30 6

Page No 16.24:

T IO S
Question 47: A piggy bank contains hundred 50 paise coins, fifty ₹1
coins, twenty ₹2 coins and ten ₹5 coins. If it is equally likely that one of

I
NO A D
the coins will fall out when the bank is turned upside down, find the

CO N
A
probability that the coin which fell

PY
(i) will be a 50 paise coin
DO U A

(ii) will be of value more than ₹1

T
(iii) will be of value less than ₹5
ED PR

(iv) will be a ₹1 or ₹2 coin [CBSE 2014]

C

ANSWER:
©

Total number of coins = 100 + 50 + 20 + 10 = 180

So, the total number of outcomes is 180.

(i) Number of 50 paise coins = 100

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 100.

∴ P(the coin which fell is a 50 paise coin)

Favourable number of outcomes 100 5
= = =
Total number of outcomes 180 9

(ii) A coin of value more than ₹1 can be ₹2 or ₹5 coin.

Number of ₹2 or ₹5 coins = 20 + 10 = 30

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 30.

∴ P(the coin which fell has value more than ₹1 ) =

Favourable number of outcomes 30 1
= =
Total number of outcomes 180 6

(iii) A coin of value less than ₹5 can be 50 paise or ₹1 or ₹2 coin.

T IO S
Number of 50 paise or ₹1 or ₹2 coins = 100 + 50 + 20 = 170

I
NO A D
CO N
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 170.
A

PY
DO U A
∴ P(the coin which fell has value less than ₹5 )
Favourable number of outcomes 170 17
T
= = =
ED PR

Total number of outcomes 180 18

(iv) Number of ₹1 or ₹2 coins = 50 + 20 = 70

C
©

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 70.

∴ P(the coin which fell will be a ₹1 or ₹2 coin)

Favourable number of outcomes 70 7
= = =
Total number of outcomes 180 18

Page No 16.24:
Question 48: A bag contains cards numbered from 1 to 49. A card is
drawn from the bag at random, after mixing the card thoroughly. Find the
probability that the number on the drawn card is
(i) an odd number
(ii) a multiple of 5
(iii) a perfect square
(iv) an even prime number
ANSWER:
The cards are numbered from 1 to 49.

∴ Total number of outcomes = 49

(i) The odd numbers from 1 to 49 are 1, 3, 5,..., 49.

T IO S I
The numbers 1, 3, 5,..., 49 are in AP.
NO A D
CO N
A
Here, a = 1 and d = 2.

PY
DO U A
Suppose there are n terms in the AP.
T
ED PR

∴ 𝑎𝑛 = 49
⇒ 1 + (𝑛 − 1) × 2 = 49 [𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
C
©

⇒ 2𝑛 − 1 = 49
⇒ 2𝑛 = 49 + 1 = 50
⇒ 𝑛 = 25

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 25.

Favourable number of outcomes

∴ P(number on the drawn card is odd) = =
Total number of outcomes
25
49

(ii) The numbers from 1 to 49 which are multiple of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20,
25, 30, 35, 40 and 45.
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 9.

∴ P(number on the drawn card is a multiple of 5)

Favourable number of outcomes 9
= =
Total number of outcomes 49

(iii) The perfect square numbers from 1 to 49 are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 and
49.

T IO S
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 7.

I
NO A D
∴ P(number on the drawn card is a perfect square) =

CO N
Favourable number of outcomes 7 1
A
= =
Total number of outcomes 49 7

PY
DO U A
(iv) An even prime number is 2.
T
ED PR

So, the favourable number of outcomes is 1.

C

∴ P(number on the drawn card is an even prime number) =

©

Favourable number of outcomes 1

=
Total number of outcomes 49

Note: 2 is the only even prime number.

Page No 16.24:
Question 49: A box contains 20 cards numbered from 1 to 20. A card is
drawn at random from the box. Find the probability that the number on
the drawn card is
(i) divisible by 2 or 3
(ii) a prime number [CBSE 2015]
ANSWER:
Total number of outcomes = 20

(i) The numbers from 1 to 20 which are divisible by 2 or 3 are 2, 3, 4, 6,

8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18 and 20.

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 13.

∴ P(number on the drawn card is divisible by 2 or 3)

T IO S
Favourable number of outcomes 13
=

I
=
Total number of outcomes 20
NO A D
CO N
A
(ii) The prime numbers from 1 to 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 and 19.

PY
DO U A
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 8.
T
ED PR

∴ P(number on the drawn card is a prime number) =

Favourable number of outcomes 8 2
= =
C

Total number of outcomes 20 5

©

Page No 16.24:
Question 50: In a simultaneous throw of pair of dice, find the probability
of getting:
(i) 8 as the sum

(ii) a doublet

(iii) a doublet of prime numbers

(iv) a doublet of odd numbers

(v) a sum greater than 9

(vi) an even number on first

(vii) an even number on one and a multiple of 3 on the other

(viii) neither 9 nor 11 as the sum of the numbers on the faces

(ix) a sum less than 6

T IO S I
(x) a sum less than 7
NO A D
CO N
A
(xi) a sum more than 7

PY
DO U A
(xii) at least once
T
ED PR

(xiii) a number other than 5 on any dice.

C

(xiv) even number on each die [CBSE 2014, 2015]

©

(xv) 5 as the sum [CBSE 2014, 2015]

(xvi) 2 will come up at least once [CBSE 2015]

(xvii) 2 will not come either time [CBSE 2015]

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A pair of dice is thrown
TO FIND: Probability of the following:
Let us first write the all possible events that can occur
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),
Hence total number of events is

T IO S
(i) Favourable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to
8

I
NO A D
(2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3), (6,2)

CO N
A
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. the sum of numbers on the

PY
dice equal to 8 is 5
DO U A
T Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
ED PR

Total number of event

Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to 8 =

C

5
©

36

(ii) Favourable events i.e. getting the same number on both the dice
(1,1), (2,2), (3,3) (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. the same number on both the
dice is 6
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
6 1
Hence probability of getting the same number on both the dice = =
36 6

(iii) Favourable events i.e. getting the same prime number on both the dice
are
(2, 2), (3, 3) and (5, 5)
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. the same prime number on
both the dice is 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting the same prime number on both the dice
3 1
= =
36 12

(iv) Favourable events i.e. getting the same odd number on both the dice
are

T IO S
(1, 1), (3, 3) and (5, 5)

I
NO A D
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. the same odd number on both

CO N
A
the dice is 3

PY
Number of favourable event
DO U A
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
T
ED PR

3
Hence probability of getting the same odd number on both the dice is =
36
1
C

12
©

(v) Favourable events i.e. getting the total of numbers on the dice is
greater than 9
(5,5), (5,6), (6,4), (4,6), (6,5), (6,6)
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. getting the total of numbers
on the dice is greater than 9 is 6
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting the total of numbers on the dice greater than
9 is
6 1
=
36 6

(vi) Favourable events i.e. getting an even number on the first dice
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. getting an even number on
the first dice=18
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
18 1

T IO S
Hence probability of getting the an even number on the first dice = =
36 2

I
NO A D
(vii) Favourable event that an even number on first dice and multiple of 3

CO N
on the other dice are (2,3), (2,6), (4,3), (4,6),(6,3), (6,6), (3,2), (6,2), (3,4),
A
(6,4) and (3,6)

PY
DO U A
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. getting that an even number
T
on first dice and multiple of 3 on the other dice is 11
ED PR

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
C

Hence probability of getting that an even number on one dice and multiple
©

11 11
of 3 on the other dice is equal to =
36 6

(viii) Favourable event neither 9 nor 11 as the sum of the number of faces
are
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,5),
(6,1), (6,2),), (6,4), (6,6),
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. getting neither 9 nor 11 as
the sum of the number of faces is 30
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting neither 9 nor 11 as the sum of the number of

30 5
faces is equal to =
36 6

(ix) Favourable event i.e. sum less than 6

T IO S
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4),

I
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3)
NO A D
CO N
(3,1), (3,2), (4,1),
A
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. sum less than 6 is 10

PY
DO U A
Number of favourable event
T
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
ED PR

10 5
Hence probability of getting sum less than 6 is equal to =
36 18
C

(x) Favourable event a sum less than 7

©

(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5),

(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3),
(4,1), (4,2), (5,1),
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. sum less than 7 is 15
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
15 5
Hence probability of getting sum less than 7 is equal to =
36 12

(xi) Favourable event a sum less than 7

(2,6), (3,5), (3,6), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. sum more than 7 is 15
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
15 5
Hence probability of getting sum more than is equal to =
36 12

(xii) Favourable event at least once

(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,1), (3,1), (4,1), (5,1), (6,1),

T IO S
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. at least once is 11

I
NO A D
We know that PROBABILITY =
Number of favourable event

CO N
Total number of event
A
11
Hence probability of getting at least once is equal to =

PY
DO U A
36
T
(xiii) Favourable event other than 5 on any dice
ED PR

(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,6),

(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,6),
C
©

(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,6),

(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,6),
Hence total number of favourable events i.e. other than 5 on any dice is
25
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
25
Hence probability of getting other than 5 on any dice is equal to
36

(xiv) Favourable outcomes for getting even number on each die are

(2,2), (2,4), (2,6), (4,2), (4,4), (4,6), (6,2), (6,4), (6,6)

Hence, the number of favourable outcomes are 9.

Favourable number of outcomes 9 1

∴ P(even number on each die) = = =
Total number of outcomes 36 4

(xv) Favourable outcomes for getting 5 as the sum are

(1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1)

T IO S
Hence, the number of favourable outcomes are 4.

I
NO A D
CO N
Favourable number of outcomes 4 1
A
∴ P(getting 5 as the sum) = = =
Total number of outcomes 36 9

PY
DO U A
(xvi) Favourable outcomes for 2 coming up atleast once are
T
ED PR

(1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (6, 2)
C

Hence, the number of favourable outcomes are 11.

©

Favourable number of outcomes 11

∴ P(2 will come up at least once) = =
Total number of outcomes 36

(xvii) Favourable outcomes for 2 not coming either time are

(1, 1), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1),
(4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 3),
(6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

Hence, the number of favourable outcomes are 25.

Favourable number of outcomes 25

∴ P(2 will not come up either time) = =
Total number of outcomes 36
 Page No 16.24:
Question 51: What is the probability that an ordinary year has 53
Sundays?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: An ordinary year
TO FIND: Probability that a non-leap year has 53 Sundays.
Total number of days in an ordinary year is 365 days

T IO S
365
Hence number of weeks in an ordinary year is = 52 weeks and 1 day

I
7
NO A D
CO N
In an ordinary year we have 52 complete weeks and 1 day which can be
A
any day of the week i.e. SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY,

PY
WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY and SATURDAY
DO U A
T
To make 53 Sundays the additional day should be Sunday
ED PR

Hence total number of days is 7

C

Favorable day I.e. Sunday is 1

©

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
1
Hence probability that an ordinary year has 53 Sundays is equal to
7

Page No 16.24:
Question 52: What is the probability that a leap year has 53 Tuesdays and
53 Mondays?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A leap year
TO FIND: Probability that a leap year has 53 Tuesdays and 53 Mondays
Total number of days in a non-leap year is 366 days
366
Hence number of weeks in a non-leap year is = 52 weeks and 2 day
7

In a non-leap year, we have 52 complete weeks and 2 days which can be

any pair of the day of the week i.e.
(SUNDAY, MONDAY)
(MONDAY, TUESDAY)

T IO S
(TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY)

I
(WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY)
NO A D
CO N
(THURSDAY FRIDAY)
A
(FRIDAY, SATURDAY)

PY
DO U A
SATURDAY, SUNDAY)
T
ED PR

To make 53 Tuesdays and 53 Mondays the additional days should include

Monday and Tuesday
C

Hence total number of pairs of days is 7

©

Favorable day i.e. in which one Tuesday and one Monday is there is only
1
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability that a leap year has 53 Tuesdays and 53 Mondays is

1
equal to =
7

Page No 16.24:
Question 53: A black die and a white die are thrown at the same time.
Write all the possible outcomes. What is the probability?
(i) that the sum of the two numbers that turn up is 7?
(ii) of obtaining a total of 6?
(iii) of obtaining a total of 10?
(iv) of obtaining the same number on both dice?
(v) of obtaining a total more than 9?
(vi) that the sum of the two numbers appearing on the top of the dice is
13?
(vii) that the sum of the numbers appearing on the top of the dice is less

T IO S
than or equal to 12?

I
(viii) that the product of numbers appearing on the top of the dice is less
NO A D
than 9. [CBSE 2014]

CO N
A
(ix) that the difference of the numbers appearing on the top of two dice is

PY
DO U A
2. [CBSE 2014]
T
(x) that the numbers obtained have a product less than 16.
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

GIVEN: A pair of dice is thrown

©

TO FIND: Probability of the following:

Let us first write the all possible events that can occur
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),
Hence total number of events is 62 = 36
(i) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to 8
(2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3), (6,2)
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. the sum of numbers on the
dice equal to 8 is 5
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to 8 =

5
36

T IO S
(ii) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to
6

I
NO A D
(1,5), (2,4), (3,3), (4,2), (5,1)

CO N
A
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. the sum of numbers on the

PY
DO U A
dice equal to 6 is 5
T
Number of favourable event
ED PR

We know that PROBABILITY =

Total number of event

Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to 6

C

5
is =
©

36

(iii) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal
to10 is (4, 6), (5, 5) and (6, 4)
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. the sum of numbers on the
dice equal to 6 is 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to10
3 1
is =
36 12

(iv) Favorable events i.e. getting the same number on both the dice
(1,1), (2,2), (3,3) (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. the same number on both the
dice is 6
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
6 1
Hence probability of getting the same number on both the dice = =
36 6

(v) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice is greater
than 10

T IO S
is (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 4), (6, 5) and (6, 6)

I
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. getting the total of numbers
NO A D
on the dice greater than 9 is 6

CO N
A
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

PY
Total number of event
DO U A

Hence probability of getting the total of numbers on the dice greater than
T
ED PR

6 1
9 is =
36 6

(vi) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of both numbers appearing on
C

the top of the dice is 13 is 0 since the highest sum of score we can get is
©

12
Hence probability of getting the sum of both numbers appearing on the
top of the dice 13 is equal to = 0
(vii) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of both numbers appearing on
the top of the dice less than or equal to 12 is a sure event
Hence probability of getting the sum of both numbers appearing on the
top of the dice less than or equal to 12 is equal to = 1
(viii) Favourable outcomes for getting the product of numbers less than 9
are
(1, 1), (2, 1), (1, 2), (3, 1), (1, 3), (4, 1), (2, 2), (1, 4), (5, 1), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 3), (3, 2), (6, 1), (4, 2), (2, 4)
Thus, the number of favourable outcomes are 16.

∴ P(getting the product of numbers less than 9)

Favourable number of outcomes 16 4
= = =
Total number of outcomes 36 9

(ix) Favourable outcomes for getting the difference of the numbers as 2

T IO S
are

I
NO A D
(1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 4), (4, 2), (3, 5), (5, 3), (4, 6), (6, 4)

CO N
A
Thus, the number of favourable outcomes are 8.

PY
DO U A
T
∴ P(getting the difference of the numbers as 2) =
ED PR

Favourable number of outcomes 8 2

= =
Total number of outcomes 36 9
C
©

(x) Let B be the event of getting the numbers whose product is less than
16.

The outcomes in favour of event 𝐵 are (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5),
(1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (6,1) and (6,2).

Number of favourable outcomes = 25

Number of favourable outcomes 25
∴ P(B ) = =
Total number of outcomes 36

Page No 16.25:
Question 54: A bag contains cards which are numbered from 2 to 90. A
card is drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability that it bears

(i) a two digit number

(ii) a number which is a perfect square.
ANSWER:
GIVEN: Cards are marked with one of the numbers 2 to 90 are placed in
a bag and mixed thoroughly. One card is picked at random.

T IO S
TO FIND: Probability of getting

I
NO A D
(i) a two-digit number

CO N
A
(ii) a number which is a perfect square

PY
DO U A
Total number of cards is 90 − 2 + 1 = 89(since 2 and 90 both are
T
included).
ED PR

(i) Cards marked two digit starts from 10

C

Total number of cards marked two digits from 10 to 90 is 90 − 10 + 1 =

©

81(since 10 and 90 both are included).

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
81
Hence probability of getting a two digit card =
89

(ii) Cards which are perfect square from 2 to 90 are 4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81

Total number of cards marked perfect square from 2 to 90 are 8
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
8
Hence probability of getting perfect square card =
89

Page No 16.25:
Question 55: The faces of a red cube and a yellow cube are numbered
from 1 to 6. Both cubes are rolled. What is the probability that the top face
of each cube will have the same number?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: The face of red cube and a yellow cube are marked 1 to 6
TO FIND: Probability of getting the same number on both the cubes
Let us first write the all possible events that can occur

T IO S
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),

I
NO A D
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),

CO N
A
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),

PY
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
DO U A
T
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
ED PR

(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),

C

Hence total number of events is

©

Favorable events i.e. getting the same number on both the dice are
(1,1), (2,2), (3,3) (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. the same number on both the
cube is 6
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
6 1
Hence probability of getting the same number on both the cube = =
36 6

Page No 16.25:
Question 56: The probability of selecting a green marble at random from
a jar that contains only green, white and yellow marbles is 1/4. The
probability of selecting a white marble at random from the same jar is 1/3.
If this jar contains 10 yellow marbles. What is the total number of marbles
in the jar?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A bag contains green, white and yellow marbles.
1
(i) Probability of selecting green marbles =

T IO S
4

I
1
(ii) Probability of selecting white marbles =
NO A D 3

CO N
A
(iii) The jar contains 10 yellow marbles.

PY
TO FIND: Total number of marbles in the same jar
DO U A
T
ED PR

We know that sum of probabilities of all elementary events is 1.

C

Hence,
©

P (green marble) + P (white marble) + P (yellow marble) = 1

1 1
+ + P (yellow marble) = 1
4 3
3+4
+ P (yellow marble) = 1
12
7
+ P (yellow marble) = 1
12
7
P (yellow marble) = 1 −
12
5
P (yellow marble) =
12

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
Hence
5 Number of favourable event in yellow marble
=
12 Total number of marble
5 10
=
12 Total number of marble
10×12
Total number of marble =
5

Total number of marble = 24

T IO S I
Page No 16.25:
NO A D
CO N
Question 57: (i) A lot of 20 bulbs contain 4 defective ones. One bulb is
A
drawn at random from the lot. What is the probability that this bulb is

PY
defective?
DO U A

(ii) Suppose the bulb drawn in (i) is not defective and not replaced . Now
T
ED PR

bulb is drawn at random from the rest. What is the probability that this
bulb is not defective?
C

ANSWER:
©

(i) Total number of bulbs = 20

Total number of defective bulbs = 4
Number of favourable outcomes
P (getting a defective bulb) =
Number of total possible outcomes
4 1
= =
20 5

(ii) Remaining total number of bulbs = 19

Remaining total number of non-defective bulbs = 16 − 1 = 15
15
P (getting a not defective bulb) =
19

Page No 16.25:
Question 58: A box contains 90 discs which are numbered from 1 to 90.
If one discs is drawn at random from the box, find the probability that it
bears
(i) a two digit number
(ii) a perfect square number
(iii) a number divisible by 5.
ANSWER:
Total number of discs = 90

T IO S
(i) Total number of two-digit numbers between 1 and 90 = 81

I
NO A D
P (getting a two-digit number) =
81
=
9

CO N
90 10
A
(ii) Perfect squares between 1 and 90 are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, and

PY
DO U A
81. Therefore, total number of perfect squares between 1 and 90 is 9.
T
9 1
=
ED PR

P (getting a perfect square)

90 10

(iii) Numbers that are between 1 and 90 and divisible by 5 are 5, 10, 15,
C

20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, and 90. Therefore,
©

total numbers divisible by 5 = 18

18 1
Probability of getting a number divisible by 5 = =
90 5

Page No 16.25:
Question 59: Two dice, one blue and one grey, are thrown at the same
time. Complete the following table:

Event:
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
'Sum on two dice'
Probability
From the above table a student argues that there are 11 possible outcomes
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Therefore, each of them has a
probability 111.111. Do you agree with this argument?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: Two dice are thrown
TO FIND: Probability of the following:
Event:
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

T IO S
'Sum on two dice'

I
Probability
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
Let us first write the all possible events that can occur
DO U A

(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),

T
ED PR

(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),

(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
C
©

(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),

(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),
Hence total number of events is 62 = 36
(1) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to
2 is
(1, 1),
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. the sum of numbers on the
dice equal to 2 is 1
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to 2 =
1
36

(2) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to
3
are (1,2) and (2,1)
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. the sum of numbers on the
dice equal to 3 is 2

T IO S
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

I
Total number of event

NO A D
Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to 3

CO N
A
2 1
= =
36 18

PY
DO U A
(3) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to
T
4
ED PR

are (1,3), (2,2) and (3,1)

C

Hence total number of favorable events i.e. the sum of numbers on the
©

dice equal to 4 is 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to 4 is

3 1
=
36 12

(4) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to
5
are (1,4), (2,3), (3,2) and (4,1)
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers
on the dice equal to 5 is 4
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to 5
4 1
is =
36 9

(5) Favorable events i.e. getting the total of numbers on the dice equal to
6 are
(1,5), (2,3), (3,3), (4,2) and (5,1)
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. getting the total of numbers
on the dice equal to 6 is 5

T IO S
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

I
Total number of event

NO A D
Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to 6 is

CO N
A
5
=
36

PY
DO U A
(6) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of both numbers equal to 7 are
T
ED PR

(1,6), (2,5), (3,4), (4,3), (5,2) and (6,1)

Hence total number of favorable events i.e. getting the total of numbers
C

on the dice equal to 7 is 6

©

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting the total of numbers on the dice equal to 7 is

6 1
=
36 6

(7) Favorable events i.e. getting the total of numbers on the dice equal to
8 are
(2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3) and (6,2)
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. getting the total of numbers
on the dice equal to 8 is 5
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
Hence probability of getting the total of numbers on the dice equal to 8
5
is =
36

(8) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to
9 are
(3,6), (4,5), (5,4) and (6,3)
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers
on the dice equal to 9 is 4

T IO S
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

I
Total number of event

NO A D
Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to9

CO N
A
4 1
is =
36 9

PY
DO U A
(9) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to
T
10 are
ED PR

(4,6), (5,5) and (6,4)

C

Hence total number of favorable events i.e. the sum of numbers on the
©

dice equal to 10 is 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to 10

3 1
= =
36 12

(10) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to
11 are (5, 6) and (6,5),
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. the sum of numbers on the
dice equal to 11 is 2
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to11
2 1
is =
36 18

(11) Favorable events i.e. getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to
12 is
(6, 6)
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. the sum of numbers on the
dice equal to 12 is 1

T IO S
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

I
Total number of event

NO A D
Hence probability of getting the sum of numbers on the dice equal to 12 =

CO N
A
1
36

PY
DO U A
The complete table is as follows
T
ED PR

Event: Sum
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
of two dices
C

1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
Probability
©

36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36

From the above table it is clear that each event does not have same
probability

Page No 16.25:
Question 60: A bag contains 6 red balls and some blue balls. if the
probability of a drawing a blue ball from the bag is twice that of a red ball,
find the number of blue balls in the bag.
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A bag contains 6 red balls and some blue balls. If the probability
of drawing a blue ball from the bag is twice that of a red ball,
TO FIND: the number of blue balls in the bag.
Let the probability of getting a red ball be 𝑃(𝐸 ) = 𝑥
The probability of not getting a red ball or getting a blue ball be 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) =
2𝑥
We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an event and probability
of non-occurrence of an event is 1. So
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1

T IO S
𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 1

I
NO A D
3𝑥 = 1

CO N
A
1
𝑥=
3

PY
DO U A
1
Hence the probability of getting a red ball is
T 3
ED PR

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
C

1 6
=
©

3 Total number of event

⇒ Total number of event = 18 balls

Hence total number of blue balls = total number of balls −red balls
= 18 − 6
= 12 balls
Hence total number of blue balls is 12balls

Page No 16.25:
Question 61: The king, queen and jack of clubs are removed form a deck
of 52 playing cards and the remaining cards are shuffled. A card is drawn
from the remaining cards. Find the probability of getting a card of (i) heart
(ii) queen (iii) clubs (iv) a face card (v) a queen of diamond.
ANSWER:
Given: King, Queen and Jack of Clubs are removed from a deck of 52
playing cards and the remaining cards are shuffled and a card is drawn at
random from the remaining cards

T IO S
TO FIND: Probability of getting a card

I
NO A D
(i) Heart

CO N
A
(ii) Queen

PY
DO U A
(iii) Clubs
T
After removing the king, queen and the jack of clubs from the pack of 52
ED PR

playing cards
Total number of cards left: 52 − 3 = 49
C
©

(i) Cards which are heart

Total number of heart cards is 13 × 1 = 13
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
13
Hence probability of getting a heart card is equal to =
49

(ii) Cards which are queen

Total number of queen cards is 4 × 1 = 4
From this 4 queen cards one queen of club is taken out.
Hence total number of queen cards left is 4 − 1 = 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
 3
Hence probability of getting an queen card =
49

(iii) Cards which are clubs

Total number of club cards is 13 × 1 = 13
The king, queen and jack of clubs are removed
Hence total number of club cards left is 13 − 3 = 10
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

T IO S
10
Hence probability of getting a club card is equal to =

I
49
NO A D
CO N
A
(iv) a face card

PY
Total face cards = 3 × 4 = 12
DO U A

king, queen and jack of clubs are removed from the pack
T
ED PR

So, face cards left = 12 − 3 = 9

Total cards left = 52 − 3 = 49
Number of favourable event 9
C

Probability of getting a face card = =

Total number of event 49
©

(v) a queen of diamond

After removing king, queen and jack of clubs we are left with 52 − 3 =
49 cards total
1
Probability of getting queen of diamond =
49

Page No 16.25:
Question 62: Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the
probability that?
(i) 5 will not come up on either of them?
(ii) 5 will come up on at least one?

(iii) 5 will come up at both dice?

ANSWER:
GIVEN: Two dice are thrown
TO FIND: Probability of the following:
Let us first write the all possible events that can occur

T IO S
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),

I
NO A D
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),

CO N
A
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),

PY
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
DO U A
T
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
ED PR

(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),

Hence total number of events is 62 = 36
C
©

(i) Favorable events i.e. 5 will not come up on either of them

(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,6),
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. 5 will not come up on either
of them is 25
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
Hence probability that 5 will not come up on either of them is equal to =
25
36

(ii) Favorable events i.e. 5 will come on at least once

(1,5), (2,5), (3,5), (4,5), (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,5),
Hence total number of favorable events i.e.5 will not come on at least once
is 11
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =

T IO S
Total number of event

I
Hence probability of getting i.e. 5 will come on at least once is equal to
11
NO A D
CO N
=
A
36

(iii) Favorable events i.e. 5 will come on both side

PY
DO U A

is (5, 5)
T
ED PR

Hence total number of favorable events i.e. 5 will come on both side is 1
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
C

Total number of event

©

1
Hence probability of getting 5 will come on both side is equal to =
36

Page No 16.26:
Question 63: A number is selected at random from first 50 natural
numbers. Find the probability that it is a multiple of 3 and 4.
ANSWER:
Total number of outcomes = 50
Let 𝐸 be the event of getting a number which is a multiple of 3 and 4.

Now, the common multiples of 3 and 4 among first 50 natural numbers

are 12, 24, 36 and 48.

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 4.

Favourable number of outcomes 4 2

∴ Required probability = P(E) = = =
Total number of outcomes 50 25

Page No 16.26:

T IO S
Question 64: A dice is rolled twice. Find the probability that

I
(i) 5 will not come up either time
NO A D
CO N
(ii) 5 will come up exactly one time [CBSE 2014]
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A

When a dice is rolled twice, all possible outcomes are

T
ED PR

(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
C
©

(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)

(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)

(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)

(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

∴ Total number of outcomes = 36

(i) The outcomes where 5 will not come up either time are
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 1),
(3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2),
(6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 6)

So, the number of favourable outcomes are 25.

Favourable number of outcomes 25

∴ P(5 will not come up either time) = =
Total number of outcomes 36

T IO S
(ii) The outcomes where 5 will come up exactly one time are

I
NO A D
(1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 6), (6, 5)

CO N
A
So, the number of favourable outcomes are 10.

PY
DO U A

Favourable number of outcomes

T
∴ P(5 will come up exactly one time) = =
ED PR

Total number of outcomes

10 5
=
36 18
C
©

Page No 16.26:
Question 65: All the black face cards are removed from a pack of 52
cards. The remaining cards are well shuffled and then a card is drawn at
random. Find the probability of getting
(i) face card
(ii) red card
(iii) black card
(iv) king
ANSWER:
In a pack of 52 playing cards, there are 2 black jacks, 2 black queens and
2 black kings.
All the black face cards are removed from the pack. Then,

Number of remaining cards = 52 − 6 = 46

∴ Total number of outcomes = 46

(i) There are 6 face cards (2 red jacks, 2 red queens and 2 red kings) in
the remaining pack of cards.

T IO S I
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 6.
NO A D
CO N
A
Favourable number of outcomes 6 3
∴ P(getting a face card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 46 23

PY
DO U A
T
(ii) There are 26 red cards in the remaining pack of cards.
ED PR

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 26.

C
©

Favourable number of outcomes 26 13

∴ P(getting a red card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 46 23

(iii) Number of black cards in the remaining pack of cards = 26 − 6 = 20

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 20.

Favourable number of outcomes 20 10

∴ P(getting a black card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 46 23

(iv) There are 2 red king cards in the remaining pack of cards.

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 2.

 Favourable number of outcomes 2 1
∴ P(getting a king) = = =
Total number of outcomes 46 23

Page No 16.26:
Question 66: Cards numbered from 11 to 60 are kept in a box. If a card
is drawn at random from the box, find the probability that the number on
the drawn card is

T IO S
(i) an odd number

I
(ii) a perfect square number
NO A D
CO N
(iii) divisible by 5
A
(iv) a prime number less than 20 [CBSE 2014]

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
The cards are numbered from 11 to 60.
ED PR

∴ Total number of outcomes = 60 − 10 = 50

C
©

(i) The odd numbers from 11 to 60 are 11, 13, 15,..., 59.

The numbers 11, 13, 15,..., 59 are in AP.

Here, a = 11 and d = 2.

Suppose there are n terms in the AP.

∴ 𝑎𝑛 = 59
⇒ 11 + (𝑛 − 1) × 2 = 59 [𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
⇒ 2𝑛 + 9 = 59
⇒ 2𝑛 = 59 − 9 = 50
⇒ 𝑛 = 25

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 25.

Favourable number of outcomes

∴ P(number on the drawn card is odd) = =
Total number of outcomes
25 1
=
50 2

(ii) The perfect square numbers from 11 to 60 are 16, 25, 36 and 49.

T IO S I
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 4.
NO A D
CO N
A
∴ P(number on the drawn card is a perfect square)
Favourable number of outcomes 4 2

PY
= = =
DO U A
Total number of outcomes 50 25
T
ED PR

(iii) The numbers from 11 to 60 divisible by 5 are 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40,
45, 50, 55 and 60.
C
©

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 10.

∴ P(number on the drawn card is divisible by 5)

Favourable number of outcomes 10 1
= = =
Total number of outcomes 50 5

(iv) Prime numbers less than 20 from 11 to 60 are 11, 13, 17 and 19.

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 4.

∴ P(number on the drawn card is a prime number less than 20) =

Favourable number of outcomes 4 2
= =
Total number of outcomes 50 25
 Page No 16.26:
Question 67: All kings and queens are removed from a pack of 52 cards.
The remaining cards are well shuffled and then a card is randomly drawn
from it. Find the probability that this card is (i) a red face card (ii) a black
card. [CBSE 2014]
ANSWER:
In a pack of 52 playing cards, there are 4 queen and 4 king cards.

T IO S
All the king and queen cards are removed from the pack. Then,

I
NO A D
CO N
Number of remaining cards = 52 − (4 + 4) = 44
A

PY
∴ Total number of outcomes = 44
DO U A
T
ED PR

(i) There are 2 red face cards (2 red jacks) in the remaining pack of
cards.
C

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 2.

©

Favourable number of outcomes 2 1

∴ P(getting a red face card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 44 22

(ii) There are 2 black kings and 2 black queens among the 4 queen and 4
king cards removed from the pack of cards.

Number of black cards in the remaining pack of cards = 26 − 4 = 22

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 22.

Favourable number of outcomes 22 1

∴ P(getting a black card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 44 2
 Page No 16.26:
Question 68: All jacks, queens and kings are removed from a pack of 52
cards. The remaining cards are well-shuffled and then a card is randomly
drawn from it. Find the probability that this card is (i) a black face card (ii)
a red card. [CBSE 2014]
ANSWER:
In a pack of 52 playing cards, there are 4 jack, 4 queen and 4 king cards.

T IO S
All jack, queen and king cards are removed from the pack. Then,

I
NO A D
CO N
Number of remaining cards = 52 − 12 = 40
A

PY
∴ Total number of outcomes = 40
DO U A
T
ED PR

(i) There are 0 face cards in the remaining pack of cards.

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 0.

C
©

Favourable number of outcomes 0

∴ P(drawing a black face card) = = =0
Total number of outcomes 40

(ii) There are 2 red jacks, 2 red queens and 2 red kings among 4 jack, 4
queen and 4 king cards removed from the pack.

Number of red cards in the remaining pack of cards = 26 − (2 + 2 + 2) =

20

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 20.

Favourable number of outcomes 20 1

∴ P(drawing a red card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 40 2
 Page No 16.26:
Question 69: Red queens and black jacks are removed from a pack of 52
playing cards. A card is drawn at random from the remaining cards, after
reshuffling them. Find the probability that the card drawn is
(i) a king (ii) of red colour (iii) a face card (iv) a queen
[CBSE 2014]
ANSWER:

T IO S
In a pack of 52 playing cards, there are 2 red queens and 2 black jacks.

I
NO A D
Red queens and black jacks are removed from the pack. Then,

CO N
A
Number of remaining cards = 52 − 4 = 48

PY
DO U A
T
∴ Total number of outcomes = 48
ED PR

(i) There are 4 king cards in the remaining pack of cards.

C
©

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 4.

Favourable number of outcomes 4 1

∴ P(drawing a king) = = =
Total number of outcomes 48 12

(ii) Two red queens are removed from the pack of cards.

Number of red cards in the remaining pack of cards = 26 − 2 = 24

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 24.

Favourable number of outcomes 24 1

∴ P(drawing a red card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 48 2
(iii) There are 12 face cards in the pack, out of which 2 red queens and 2
black jacks are removed.

Number of face cards in the remaining pack of cards = 12 − (2 + 2) = 8

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 8.

Favourable number of outcomes 8 1

∴ P(drawing a face card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 48 6

T IO S I
(iv) There are 4 queen cards in the pack, out of which 2 red queens are
NO A D
removed.

CO N
A
Number of queens in the remaining pack of cards = 4 − 2 = 2

PY
DO U A
T
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 2.
ED PR

Favourable number of outcomes 2 1

∴ P(getting a queen) = = =
C

Total number of outcomes 48 24

©

Page No 16.26:
Question 70: In a bag there are 44 identical cards with figure of circle or
square on them. There are 24 circles, of which 9 are blue and rest are green
and 20 squares of which 11 are blue and rest are green. One card is drawn
from the bag at random. Find the probability that it has the figure of
(i) square (ii) green colour (iii) blue circle and (iv) green
square. [CBSE 2015]
ANSWER:
There are 44 identical cards with figure of circle or square in the bag.

∴ Total number of outcomes = 44

(i) There are 20 squares on the cards.
So, the favourable number of outcomes is 20.
Favourable number of outcomes
∴ P(card drawn has the figure of square) = =
Total number of outcomes
20 5
=
44 11

(ii) Number of cards with green circle = 24 − 9 = 15

T IO S
Number of cards with green square = 20 − 11 = 9

I
NO A D
∴ Number of cards with green colour figure = 15 + 9 = 24

CO N
A

PY
So, the favourable number of outcomes is 24.
DO U A
T
∴ P(card drawn has the figure of green colour) =
ED PR

Favourable number of outcomes 24 6

= =
Total number of outcomes 44 11
C

(iii) There are 9 cards with circle of blue colour.

©

So, the favourable number of outcomes is 9.

∴ P(card drawn has the figure of blue circle) =

Favourable number of outcomes 9
=
Total number of outcomes 44

(iv) Number of cards with green square = 20 − 11 = 9

So, the favourable number of outcomes is 9.

∴ P(card drawn has the figure of green square)

Favourable number of outcomes 9
= =
Total number of outcomes 44
 Page No 16.26:
Question 71: All red face cards are removed from a pack of playing cards.
The remaining cards are well shuffled and then a card is drawn at random
from them. Find the probability that the drawn card is (i) a red card (ii) a
face card and (iii) a card of clubs. [CBSE 2015]
ANSWER:
In a pack of 52 playing cards, there are 2 red jacks, 2 red queens and 2
red kings.

T IO S I
All the red face cards are removed from the pack. Then,
NO A D
CO N
A
Number of remaining cards = 52 − 6 = 46

PY
DO U A

∴ Total number of outcomes = 46

T
ED PR

(i) Number of red cards in the remaining pack of cards = 26 − 6 = 20

C

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 20.

©

Favourable number of outcomes 20 10

∴ P(drawing a red card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 46 23

(ii) There are 6 face cards (2 black jacks, 2 black queens and 2 black
kings) in the remaining pack of cards.

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 6.

Favourable number of outcomes 6 3

∴ P(drawing a face card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 46 23

(iii) There are 13 cards of club in the remaining pack of cards.

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 13.

Favourable number of outcomes 13

∴ P(drawing a card of club) = =
Total number of outcomes 46

Page No 16.26:
Question 72: Two customers are visiting a particular shop in the same
week (Monday to Saturday). Each is equally likely to visit the shop on

T IO S
any one day as on another. What is the probability that both will visit the

I
shop on?
NO A D
CO N
(i) the same day?
A

PY
(ii) Different days?
DO U A
T
ED PR

(iii) consecutive days?

ANSWER:
C

GIVEN: Two customers are visiting a particular shop in the same week
©

(Monday to Saturday). Each is equally likely to visit the shop on any one
day as on another.
TO FIND: Probability that both will visit the shop on:
(i) The same day
(ii) Different days
(iii) Consecutive days
Two customers can visit the shop on two days in 6 × 6 = 36 ways.
Hence total number of ways =36
(i) Two customer can visit the shop on any day of the week i.e.
MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY,
SATURDAY
Favorable number of ways = 6
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of the customer visiting the shop on the same day
3 1
= =
36 6

T IO S
(ii) We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an event and
probability of non-occurrence of an event is 1.

I
NO A D
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1

CO N
A
1
+ 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1

PY
6
DO U A
1
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 −
T
6
ED PR

Hence probability of the customer visiting the shop on the different day
5
is
C

6
©

(iii) Two costumer can visit the shop in two consecutive days in the
following ways:
(MONDAY, TUESDAY), (WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY),
(THURSDAY, FRIDAY) (FRIDAY, SATURDAY)
Favorable number of ways = 5
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of the customer visiting the shop on two consecutive

5
days = .
36
 Exercise – 16.2
Page No 16.33:
Question 1: Suppose you drop a tie at random on the rectangular region
shown in the given figure. What is the probability that it will land inside
the circle with diameter 1 m?

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Given: Suppose you drop a tie at random on the rectangular region shown
C

in figure
©

To find: Probability that it will land in inside the circle of diameter 1m

Total area of circle with diameter 1 m
1 2
Area of circle with diameter 1 m = 𝜋 ( )
2
 𝜋
= m2
4

Area of rectangle = 3 × 2
= 6 m²
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
𝜋
4 𝜋
Hence probability that the tie will land in the circle is = .
6 24

T IO S I
Page No 16.33:
NO A D
CO N
Question 2: In the accompanying diagram a fair spinner is placed at the
A
centre O of the circle Diameter AOB and radius OC divide the circle into

PY
DO U A
three regions labelled X, Y and Z. It ∠BOC = 45°. What is the probability
T
that the spinner will land in the region X? (in the given figure).
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
Given: A fair spinner is placed at the centre O of the circle. Diameter
AOB and radius OC divide the circle into three regions labeled X, Y and
Z and angle ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 45°
To find: Probability that the spinner will land in X region?
Total angle of circle is 360°.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 + ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 180° (Straight angle)
A
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 + 45° = 180°

PY
DO U A

∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 180° − 45°

T
ED PR

∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 135° …… (1)

Number of favourable event
C

We know that PROBABILITY =

Total number of event
©

135 3
Hence probability of “spinner will land in X region” is =
360 8

Page No 16.33:
Question 3: A target shown in the given figure consists of three
concentric circle of radii 3, 7 and 9 cm respectively. A dart is thrown and
lands on the target. What is the probability that the dart will land on the
shaded region?
ANSWER:
Given: A target is shown in figure consists of three concentric circles of
radius 3, 7, and 9 cm. A dart is thrown and lands on the target
To find: Probability that the dart will land in shaded region?
Total area of circle with radius 9 cm

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A

Area of circle with radius 9 cm = 𝜋𝑟 2

T
ED PR

= 𝜋(9)2
= 81𝜋 cm²
C
©

Area of shaded portion = 𝜋(𝑅 2 − 𝑟 2 )

= 𝜋(72 − 32 )
= 𝜋(7 + 3)(7 − 3)
= 𝜋(10)(4)
= 40𝜋
Number of favourable event
We know that Probability =
Total number of event
40𝜋 40
Hence probability of the spinner will land in shaded region is =
81𝜋 81
 Page No 16.33:
Question 4: In the given figure, points A, B, C and D are the centres of
four circles that each have a radius of length one unit. If a point is selected
at random from the interior of square ABCD. What is the probability that
the point will be chosen from the shaded region?

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Given: A, B, C, and D are the centers of four circles that each have a
C

radius of length one unit. If a point is selected at random from the interior
©

of square ABCD
To find: Probability that the point will be chosen from the shaded region,
In the figure we can see 4 circles of radius 1 unit.
Area of quarter circle with centre A:
1
= (𝜋𝑟 2 )
4
1
= (𝜋 × 12 )
4
𝜋
=
4

Since all the circles are of the same radius, hence the area of quarter with
centre B, C, D will be same as the area of circle of quarter of circle with

T IO S
centre A.

I
Hence total area covered by 4 quarter circle will be
NO A D
CO N
𝜋
A
= 4( )
4

PY
DO U A
= 𝜋 unit²
T
ED PR

Side of the square will be 2 units

C

Area of square ABCD = 4 unit2

©

Area of the shaded portion (4 − 𝜋) cm²

We know that PROBABILITY
Number of favourable event
=
Total number of event
4−𝜋
=
4
𝜋
=1−
4
𝜋
Hence probability of the shaded region is 1 − .
4
 Page No 16.33:
Question 5: In the given figure, JKLM is a square with sides of length 6
units. Points A and B are the mid-points of sides KL and LM respectively.
If a point is selected at random from the interior of the square. What is the
probability that the point will be chosen from the interior of ΔJAB?

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ANSWER:
ED PR

Given: JKLM is a square with sides of length 6units. Points A and B are
the midpoints of sides KL and ML respectively. If a point is selected at
C

random from the interior of the square

©

To find: Probability that the point will be chosen from the interior of
ΔJAB.
We the following figure
Area of square JLKM is equal to
= 62
= 36 sq. units
Now we have
1
Ar(∆KAJ) = × 𝐴𝐾 × 𝐾𝐽
2
1
= ×3×6
2

T IO S
= 9 units²

I
NO A D
Ar(∆JMB) = × 𝐽𝑀 × 𝐵𝑀
1

CO N
2
A
1
= ×6×3

PY
2
DO U A
T = 9 units²
ED PR

1
Ar(∆ALB) = × 𝐴𝐿 × 𝐵𝐿
2
C

1
= ×3×3
©

2
9
= units²
2

Now area of the triangle AJB

9
Ar(∆AJB) = 36 − 9 − 9 −
2
27
= units²
2

We know that Probability

Number of favourable event
=
Total number of event
27
2
=
36
 27
=
2×36
3
=
8

Hence the Probability that the point will be chosen from the interior of
3
ΔAJB is .
8

Page No 16.34:

T IO S
Question 6: In the given figure, a square dart board is shown. The length

I
NO A D
of a side of the larger square is 1.5 times the length of a side of the smaller

CO N
square. If a dart is thrown and lands on the larger square. What is the
A
probability that it will land in the interior of the smaller square?

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:
Given: A square dart board is shown. The length of a side of the larger
square is 1.5 times the length of a side of the smaller square. If a dart is
thrown and lands on the larger square
To find: Probability that it will land in the interior of the smaller square
Let the length of smaller square is x cm
Therefore, the length of side of bigger square will be 1.5x cm
Figure
Area of bigger square = (1.5𝑥 )2
= 2.25𝑥 2 cm²
Area of smaller square = 𝑥 2 cm²
Number of favourable event
We know that Probability =
Total number of event

Hence probability that the dart will land in the interior of the smaller

T IO S
𝑥2 4
square is equal to = = .
2.25𝑥 2 9

I
NO A D
CO N
A
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAQs)

PY
DO U A
Page No 16.34:
T
Question 1: Cards each marked with one of the numbers 4, 5, 6, ..., 20
ED PR

are placed in a box and mixed thoroughly. One card is drawn at random
from the box. What is the probability of getting an even number?
C
©

ANSWER:
GIVEN: Cards are marked with one of the numbers 4, 5, 6…20 are placed
in a box and mixed thoroughly. One card is picked at random.
TO FIND: Probability of getting an even number on the picked card.
Total number of cards is 20-3=17
Cards marked even number are 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20
Total number of cards marked even is 9
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
9
Hence probability of getting an even number on the card =
17
 Page No 16.34:
Question 2: One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing
cards. What is the probability of getting a non-face card?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards
TO FIND: Probability of getting a non-face card
Total number of cards are52.

T IO S
Cards which are non-face are cards of numbers from 1 to 10 of each suit

I
NO A D
and there are four suits

CO N
A
Total number of non-face cards is 4 × 10 = 40

PY
Number of favourable event
DO U A
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
T
40 10
ED PR

Hence probability of getting non-faced card = =

52 13
10
Hence probability of getting a non-face card =
C

13
©

Page No 16.34:
Question 3: A bag contains 5 red, 8 green and 7 white balls, one ball is
drawn at random from the bag. What is the probability of getting a white
ball or a green ball?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A bag contains5 red, 8 green and 7 white balls
TO FIND: Probability of getting a white ball or a green ball.
Total number of balls 5 + 8 + 7 = 20
Total number of green or white balls 8 + 7 = 15
 Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
15 3
Hence probability of getting a green or a white ball = =
20 4
3
Hence probability of getting an green or white ball =
4

Page No 16.34:
Question 4: A die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting a

T IO S
prime number?

I
NO A D
ANSWER:

CO N
A
GIVEN: A dice is thrown once

PY
DO U A
TO FIND: Probability of getting a prime number.
T
Total number on a dice is 6.
ED PR

Prime numbers on a dice are 2, 3 and 5

C

Total number of prime numbers on dice is 3

©

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
3 1
Hence probability of getting a prime number = =
6 2
1
Hence probability of getting a prime number =
2

Page No 16.34:
Question 5: A die thrown once. What is the probability of getting a
number lying between 2 and 6?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A dice is thrown once
TO FIND: Probability of getting a number lying between 2 and 6.
Total number on a dice is 6.
Number lying between 2 and 6 are 3, 4 and 5
Total number of numbers lying between 2 and 6 is 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
3 1
Hence probability of getting a number lying between 2 and 6 = =
6 2

T IO S
1
Hence probability of getting a number lying between 2 and 6 =

I
2
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 16.34:

PY
DO U A
Question 6: A die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting an
T
odd number?
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

GIVEN: A dice is thrown once

©

TO FIND: Probability of getting an odd number.

Total number on a dice is 6.
Odd numbers on a dice are 1, 3 and 5
Total number of odd numbers on dice is 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
3 1
Hence probability of an odd number = =
6 2
1
Hence probability of getting an odd number =
2
 Page No 16.35:
Question 7: If 𝐸̅ denote the complement or negation of an even E, what
is the value of P(E) + P(𝐸̅ ) ?
ANSWER:
̅ denotes the complement or negation of an event E.
Given: E
̅)
TO FIND: P(E) + P(E
CALCULATION: We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an

T IO S
event and probability of non-occurrence of an event is 1.

I
NO A D ̅) = 1
Hence P(E) + P(E

CO N
A
Hence the result is = 1

PY
DO U A
Page No 16.35:
T
Question 8: One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52
ED PR

cards. What is the probability of getting an ace?

ANSWER:
C
©

GIVEN: One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards
TO FIND: Probability of getting an Ace
Total number of cards are52.
Cards which are Ace are 1 from each suit
Total number of Ace cards is 4 × 1 = 4
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
4 1
Hence probability of getting an Ace = =
52 13
1
Hence probability of getting an Ace =
13
 Page No 16.35:
Question 9: Two coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the probability
of getting at least one head?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: Two coins are tossed simultaneously.
TO FIND: Probability of getting at least one head.
When two coins are tossed then the outcome will be

T IO S
TT, HT, TH, HH.

I
NO A D
Hence total number of outcome is 4.

CO N
A
At least one head means 1H or 2H.

PY
DO U A
Hence total number of favorable outcome i.e. at least one head is 3
T
Number of favourable event
ED PR

We know that PROBABILITY =

Total number of event
3
Hence probability of getting at least one head =
C

4
©

Page No 16.35:
Question 10: Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is
drawn at random. What is the probability that the ticket drawn bears a
number which is a multiple of 3?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: Tickets are marked from 1 to 20 are mixed up. One ticket is
picked at random.
TO FIND: Probability that the ticket bears a multiple of 3
Total number of cards is 20
Cards marked multiple of 3 number are 3,6,9,12,15,18
Total number of cards marked multiple of 3 are 6
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
6 3
Hence probability of getting a multiple of 3 on the ticket = =
20 10
3
Hence probability of getting a multiple of 3 on the ticket
10

Page No 16.35:

T IO S I
Question 11: From a well shuffled pack of cards, a card is drawn at
NO A D
random. Find the probability of getting a black queen.

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
GIVEN: One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards
T
TO FIND: Probability of getting a black queen
ED PR

Total number of cards are 52.

C

Cards which are black queen are 1 from 2 black suits

©

Total number of black queen cards is 2 × 1 = 2

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
2 1
Hence probability of getting an black queen = =
52 26
1
Hence probability of getting an black queen =
26

Page No 16.35:
Question 12: A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting a
number less than 3.
ANSWER:
GIVEN: A dice is thrown once
TO FIND: Probability of getting a number less than 3
Total number on a dice is 6.
Number less than 3 are1 and 2
Total number of numbers less than 3 is 2
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

T IO S
2 1
Hence probability of getting a number less than 3 is equal to =
6 3

I
NO A D
Hence probability of getting a number less than 3 =
1

CO N
3
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 16.35:
T
ED PR

Question 13: Two coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability
of getting exactly one head.
C

ANSWER:
©

GIVEN: Two coins are tossed simultaneously.

TO FIND: Probability of getting exactly one head.
When two coins are tossed then the outcome will be
TT, HT, TH, HH.
Hence total number of outcome is 4.
Exactly one head we get 2 times
Hence total number of favorable outcome i.e. exactly one head is 2
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
1 2
Hence probability of getting exactly one head = =
2 4
 1
Hence probability of getting exactly one head =
2

Page No 16.35:
Question 14: A die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting a
number greater than 4?
ANSWER:

T IO S
GIVEN: A dice is thrown once

I
TO FIND: Probability of getting a number greater than 4
NO A D
CO N
Total number on a dice is 6.
A
Numbers greater than 4 are 5 and 6

PY
DO U A
Total number of numbers greater than 4 is 2
T
ED PR

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
2 1
C

Hence probability of getting a number greater than 4 is equal to =

6 3
©

1
Hence probability of getting a number greater than 4 is
3

Page No 16.35:
Question 15: What is the probability that a number selected at random
from the numbers 3, 4, 5, ....9 is a multiple of 4?
ANSWER:
GIVEN: numbers are 3, 4, 5, 6…9
TO FIND: Probability of Getting multiple of 4
Total number is 9−3+1=7
Numbers which are multiple of 4 between 3 and 9 are 4 and 8
Total number which are multiple of 4 between 3 to 9 is 4 and 8 is 2
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
2
Hence probability of getting a number which is a multiple of 4 is
7

Hence probability of getting a number which is a multiple of 4 is equal

2
to .
7

T IO S
Page No 16.35:

I
NO A D
Question 16: A letter of English alphabet is chosen at random. Determine

CO N
A
the probability that the chosen letter is a consonant. [CBSE 2015]

PY
ANSWER:
DO U A
T
There are 26 letters of English alphabet.
ED PR

Total number of outcomes = 26

C
©

Out of 26 letters, 21 are consonants and 5 are vowels.

Favourable number of outcomes = 21

Favourable number of outcomes 21

∴ P(chosen letter is a consonant) = =
Total number of outcomes 26

Page No 16.35:
Question 17: A bag contains 3 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at
random from the bag. What is the probability that the ball drawn is not
red?
ANSWER:
Bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls
Total balls in the bag = 3 + 5 = 8
Probability of getting a ball which is not red = 1 − Probability of getting
red ball
3 5
=1− =
8 8

Page No 16.35:

T IO S
Question 18: A number is chosen at random from the number –3, –2, –1,

I
0, 1, 2, 3. What will be the probability that square of this number is less
NO A D
than or equal to 1?

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
S = {−3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
DO U A
T
Let E be the event of getting a number whose square is less than or equal
ED PR

to 1.
So, E = {−1, 1, 0}
C

𝑃(𝐸 ) = 37.
©

Hence, the probability of getting a number whose square is less than or

3
equal to is .
7
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Page No 16.35:
Question 1: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

If a digit is chosen at random from the digit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, then

the probability that it is odd, is

T IO S
4
(a)
9

I
5
NO A D
CO N
(b)
A
9

PY
DO U A
1
(c)
9
T
ED PR

2
(d)
3
C

ANSWER:
©

GIVEN: digits are chosen from 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are placed in a box

and mixed thoroughly. One digit is picked at random.
TO FIND: Probability of getting an odd digit
Total number of digits is 9
Digit that are odd number are 1,3,5,7,9
Total number of odd digits is 5
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
5
Hence probability of getting an odd digit is
9

Hence option (b) is correct

 Page No 16.35:
Question 2: In Q. No. 1, The probability that the digit is even is
4
(a)
9

5
(b)
9

1
(c)
9

T IO S I
2
(d)
3
NO A D
CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
GIVEN: digits are chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are placed in a box
and mixed thoroughly. One digit is picked at random.
T
ED PR

TO FIND: Probability of getting an even digit

Total number of digits is 9
C
©

Digits that are even number are 2, 4, 6, and 8

Total number of even digits is 4.
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
4
Hence probability of getting an even digit is
9

Hence the correct option is (a).

Page No 16.36:
Question 3: In Q. No. 1, the probability that the digit is a multiple of 3 is
 1
(a)
3

2
(b)
3

1
(c)
9

2
(d)
9

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
GIVEN: digits are chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are placed in a box

CO N
and mixed thoroughly. One digit is picked at random.
A

PY
TO FIND: Probability of getting a multiple of 3
DO U A

Total number of digits is 9

T
ED PR

Digits that are multiple of 3 are 3, 6 and 9

Total digits that are multiple of 3 are 3
C
©

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
3 1
Hence probability of getting a multiple of 3 is =
9 3

Hence the correct option is option (a).

Page No 16.36:
Question 4: If three coins are tossed simultaneously, then the probability
of getting at least two heads, is
1
(a)
4
 3
(b)
8

1
(c)
2

1
(d)
4

ANSWER:
GIVEN: Three coins are tossed simultaneously.

T IO S
TO FIND: Probability of getting at least two head.

I
NO A D
When three coins are tossed then the outcome will be

CO N
A
TTT, THT, TTH, THH. HTT, HHT, HTH, HHH

PY
DO U A
Hence total number of outcome is 8.
T
ED PR

At least two heads mean that, THH, HHT, HTH and HHH are favorable
events
C

Hence total number of favorable outcome is 4

©

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability of getting at least two head when three coins are tossed
4 1
simultaneously is equal to =
8 2

Hence the correct option is (c)

Page No 16.36:
Question 5: In a single throw of a die, the probability of getting a multiple
of 3 is
 1
(a)
2

1
(b)
3

1
(c)
6

2
(d)
3

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
GIVEN: A dice is thrown once

CO N
A
TO FIND: Probability of getting a multiple of 3.

PY
DO U A
Total number on a dice is 6.
T
Numbers which are on multiple of 3 are 3 and 6
ED PR

Total number of numbers which are multiple of 3 is 2

C

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
©

Total number of event

Hence probability of getting a number which are multiple of 3 is equal

2 1
to =
6 3

Hence the correct option is (b)

Page No 16.36:
Question 6: The probability of guessing the correct answer to a certain
𝑥
test questions is . If the probability of not guessing the correct answer
12
2
to this question is , then x =
3
(a) 2

(b) 3

(c) 4

(d) 6
ANSWER:

T IO S
GIVEN: Probability of guessing a correct answer to a certain question
𝑥

I
is
12
NO A D
CO N
2
A
Probability of not guessing a correct answer to a same question
3

PY
DO U A
TO FIND: The value of x
T
CALCULATION: We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an
ED PR

event and probability of non-occurrence of an event is 1.

If E is an event of occurrence and 𝐸̅ is its complementary then
C
©

𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
According to the question we have
𝑥 2
+ =1
12 3
𝑥+8
=1
12

𝑥 + 18 = 12
𝑥=4
Hence the correct option is (c)

Page No 16.36:
Question 7: A bag contains three green marbles, four blue marbles, and
two orange marbles, if a marble is picked at random, then the probability
that it is not an orange marble is
1
(a)
4

1
(b)
3

T IO S
(c)
9

I
(d)
7
NO A D
CO N
9
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
GIVEN: A bag contains 3green, 4blue and 2orange marbles
T
ED PR

TO FIND: Probability of not getting an orange marble

Total number of balls 3 + 4 + 2 = 9
C

Total number of non-orange marbles that is green and blue balls is 3 +

©

4=7
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
7
Hence probability of getting a non-orange ball is
9

Hence the correct option is (d).

Page No 16.36:
Question 8: A number is selected at random from the numbers 3, 5, 5, 7,
7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 9 The probability that the selected number is their average is
 1
(a)
10

3
(b)
10

7
(c)
10

9
(d)
10

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
GIVEN: A number is selected from the numbers 3,5,5,7,7,7,9,9,9,9

CO N
A
TO FIND: Probability that the selected number is the average of the

PY
numbers
DO U A

Total numbers are 10

T
ED PR

Average of numbers
3+5+5+7+7+7+9+9+9+9
=
C

10
©

70
=
10

=7
Total numbers of numbers which are average of these numbers are 3
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence Probability that the selected number is the average of the numbers
3
is
10

Hence the correct option is (b)

 Page No 16.36:
Question 9: The probability of throwing a number greater than 2 with a
fair dice is
3
(a)
5

2
(b)
5

T IO S
2
(c)
3

I
1 NO A D
CO N
(d)
A
3

PY
ANSWER:
DO U A

GIVEN: A dice is thrown once

T
ED PR

TO FIND: Probability of getting a number greater than 2.

Total number on a dice is 6.
C
©

Number greater than 2 is 3, 4, 5 and 6

Total number greater than 2 is 4
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
4 2
Hence probability of getting a number greater than 2 is equal to =
6 3

Hence the correct option is (c)

Page No 16.36:
Question 10: A card is accidently dropped from a pack of 52 playing
cards. The probability that it is an ace is
 1
(a)
4

1
(b)
13

1
(c)
52

12
(d)
13

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
GIVEN: One card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards

CO N
A
TO FIND: Probability of getting an Ace

PY
DO U A
Total number of cards is 52
T
Cards which are Ace are 1 from each suit
ED PR

Total number of Ace cards is 4 × 1 = 4

C

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
©

Total number of event

4 1
Hence probability of getting an Ace is equal to =
52 13

Hence the correct option is (b)

Page No 16.36:
Question 11: A number is selected from numbers 1 to 25. The probability
that it is prime is
2
(a)
3

1
(b)
6
 1
(c)
3

5
(d)
6

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A number is selected from 1 to 25
TO FIND: Probability that, the number is a prime

T IO S
Total number is 25

I
NO A D
Numbers from 1 to 25 that are primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 and 23

CO N
A
Total numbers that are primes from 1 to 25 is 9

PY
DO U A
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
T Total number of event
ED PR

9
Hence probability of getting a prime number from 1 to 25 is equal to
25
C

Hence no option is correct

©

Page No 16.36:
Question 12: Which of the following cannot be the probability of an
event?

2
(a)
3

(b) −1.5

(c) 15%

(d) 0.7
ANSWER:
GIVEN: 4 options of probability of some events
TO FIND: Which of the given options cannot be the probability of an
event?
We know that
0 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 1.
As the probability of an event cannot be negative

T IO S
In option (b) P =-1.5

I
NO A D
Hence the correct answer is option (b)

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 16.36:
T
ED PR

Question 13: If P(E) = 0.05, then P(not E) =

(a) −0.05
C
©

(b) 0.5

(c) 0.9

(d) 0.95
ANSWER:
Given: P(E) = 0.05
̅)
TO FIND: P(E
CALCULATION: We know that sum of probability of occurrence of an
event and probability of non-occurrence of an event is 1. Therefore
𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
0.05 + 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 1 − 0.05
𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 0.95
Hence the correct answer is option (d)

T IO S
Page No 16.36:

I
Question 14: Which of the following cannot be the probability of
NO A D
occurrence of an event?

CO N
A
(a) 0.2

PY
DO U A

(b) 0.4
T
ED PR

(c) 0.8
C
©

(d) 1.6
ANSWER:
GIVEN: 4 options of probability of some events
TO FIND: Which of the given options cannot be the probability of an
event?
We know that
0 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 1.
As the probability of an event cannot be more than 1
Hence the correct answer is option (d)
 Page No 16.36:
Question 15: The probability of a certain event is

(a) 0

(b) 1

(c) 1/2

T IO S
(d) no existent

I
NO A D
ANSWER:

CO N
A
GIVEN: 4 options of probability of some events

PY
DO U A
TO FIND: Which of the given options is the probability of sure event?
T
ED PR

We know that, probability of a certain event is 1.

Hence the correct answer is option (b).
C
©

Page No 16.37:
Question 16: The probability of an impossible event is

(a) 0

(b) 1

(c) 1/2

(d) non-existent
ANSWER:
GIVEN: 4 options of probability of some events
TO FIND: Which of the given options is the probability of impossible
event?
We know that, probability of an impossible event is 0.
Hence the correct answer is option (d)

Page No 16.37:
Question 17: Aarushi sold 100 lottery tickets in which 5 tickets carry

T IO S
prizes. If Priya purchased a ticket, what is the probability of Priya winning

I
a prize?
NO A D
CO N
19
(a)
A
20

PY
DO U A
1
(b)
25
T
ED PR

1
(c)
20
C
©

17
(d)
20

ANSWER:
GIVEN: 100 lottery tickets were sold in which 5 tickets carry prize
TO FIND: Probability of Priya winning a prize
Total number of tickets is100
Total number of prize carrying tickets is 5
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
5 1
Hence probability of Priya winning a prize is equal to =
100 20

The correct answer is option (c)

 Page No 16.37:
Question 18: A number is selected from first 50 natural numbers. What
is the probability that it is a multiple of 3 or 5?
13
(a)
25

21
(b)
50

T IO S
12
(c)
25

I
23NO A D
CO N
(d)
A
50

PY
ANSWER:
DO U A

GIVEN: A number is selected from 50 natural numbers

T
ED PR

TO FIND: Probability that the number selected is a multiple of 3 or 5

Total number is 50
C
©

Total numbers which are multiple of 3 or 5 up to 50 natural numbers are

3,6,5,9,10,12,15,18,20,21,24,25,27,30,33,35,36,39,40,42,45,48,50
Total number which are multiple of 3 or 5 up to 50 natural numbers are23
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability that the number selected is a multiple of 3 or 5 is equal

23
to
50

The correct answer is option (d)

 Page No 16.37:
Question 19: A month is selected at random in a year. The probability
that it is March or October, is
1
(a)
12

1
(b)
6

T IO S
3
(c)
4

I
NO A D
CO N
(d) None of these
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
GIVEN: A month is selected at random in a year.
T
ED PR

TO FIND: Probability that it is March or October

Total months in a year is 12
C

Hence total number of favorable outcome is 2 i.e. March or October

©

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability that the month selected is March or October is equal

2 1
to =
12 6

Hence the correct option is (b)

Page No 16.37:
Question 20: From the letters of the word ''MOBILE”, a letter is selected.
The probability that the letter is a vowel, is
 1
(a)
3

3
(b)
7

1
(c)
6

1
(d)
2

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
GIVEN: A letter is selected from the word “MOBILE”

CO N
A
TO FIND: Probability that the letter chosen is a vowel

PY
Total letter in the word “MOBILE” is 6
DO U A
T
Vowels in the word “MOBILE” are ‘O’.’I’,’E’
ED PR

Hence total number of favorable outcome is 3 i.e. ‘O’.’I’,’E’

C

Number of favourable event

We know that PROBABILITY =
©

Total number of event

3 1
Hence probability that the letter chosen is a vowel =
6 2

Hence the correct option is (d)

Page No 16.37:
Question 21: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:
A die is thrown once. The probability of getting a prime number is

2 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 2 6

[CBSE 2013]
ANSWER:
In a single throw of a die, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

∴ Total number of outcomes = 6

The favourable outcomes are 2, 3 and 5.

So, the number of favourable outcomes are 3.

T IO S
Favourable number of outcomes 3 1
∴ P(getting a prime number) = = =

I
Total number of outcomes 6 2
NO A D
CO N
A
Hence, the correct answer is option C.

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 16.37:
ED PR

Question 22: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

C

The probability of getting an even number, when a die is thrown once is

©

1 1 1 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 6 6

[CBSE 2013]
ANSWER:
In a single throw of a die, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

∴ Total number of outcomes = 6

The favourable outcomes are 2, 4 and 6.

So, the number of favourable outcomes are 3.

 Favourable number of outcomes 3 1
∴ P(getting an even number) = = =
Total number of outcomes 6 2

Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 16.37:
Question 23: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

T IO S
A box contains 90 discs, numbered from 1 to 90. If one disc is drawn at

I
random from the box, the probability that it bears a prime number less
NO A D
than 23, is

CO N
A
7 10 4 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
90 90 45 89

PY
DO U A
[CBSE 2013]
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
There are 90 discs numbered from 1 to 90.
C
©

∴ Total number of outcomes = 90

The prime numbers less than 23 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 and 19.

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 8.

∴ P(disc drawn bears a prime number less than 23)

Favourable number of outcomes 8 4
= = =
Total number of outcomes 90 45

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

 Page No 16.37:
Question 24: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

The probability that a number selected at random from the numbers 1, 2,

3, ..., 15 is a multiple of 4, is
4 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15 15 5 3

[CBSE 2014]

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
The total number of given numbers is 15.

CO N
A
∴ Total number of outcomes = 15

PY
DO U A
T
Among the given numbers, the multiples of 4 are 4, 8 and 12.
ED PR

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 3.

C
©

Favourable number of outcomes

∴ P(number selected is a multiple of 4) = =
Total number of outcomes
3 1
=
15 5

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

Page No 16.37:
Question 25: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

Two different coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting

at least one head is
1 1 3 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 8 4 8
 [CBSE 2014]

ANSWER:
When two coins are tossed simultaneously, all possible outcomes are
HH, HT, TH, TT.

∴ Total number of outcomes = 4

T IO S
The favourable outcomes are HH, HT, TH.

I
NO A D
CO N
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 3.
A

PY
Favourable number of outcomes 3
DO U A
∴ P(getting at least one head) = =
Total number of outcomes 4
T
ED PR

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

C
©

Page No 16.37:
Question 26: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

If two different dice are rolled together, the probability of getting an even
number on both dice is
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
36 2 6 4

[CBSE 2014]

ANSWER:
When two dice are rolled together, all possible outcomes are
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)

(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)

(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)

(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)

T IO S I
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
NO A D
CO N
A
∴ Total number of outcomes = 36

PY
DO U A
The favourable outcomes are (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 6), (6,
T
ED PR

2), (6, 4) and (6, 6).

So, the number of favourable outcomes are 9.

C
©

Favourable number of outcomes

∴ P(getting even number on both dice) = =
Total number of outcomes
9 1
=
36 4

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 16.37:
Question 27: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

A number is selected at random from the numbers 1 to 30. The probability

that it is a prime number is
 2 1 1 11
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 3 30

[CBSE 2014]
ANSWER:
Total number of outcomes = 30

The prime numbers from 1 to 30 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 and 29.

T IO S
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 10.

I
NO A D
∴ P(selected number is a prime number)

CO N
Favourable number of outcomes 10 1
A
= = =
Total number of outcomes 30 3

PY
DO U A

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

T
ED PR

Page No 16.38:
C
©

Question 28: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that

the drawn card is not an ace is
1 9 4 12
(a) (b) (c) (d)
13 13 13 13

[CBSE 2014]
ANSWER:
Total number of possible outcomes = 52

There are 4 ace cards in a pack of cards.

∴ Number of non ace cards in the pack of cards = 52 − 4 = 48

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 48.

Favourable number of outcomes 48

∴ P(drawn card is not an ace card) = = =
Total number of outcomes 52
12
13

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

T IO S I
Page No 16.38:
NO A D
Question 29: A number x is chosen at random from the numbers −3, −2,

CO N
A
−1, 0, 1, 2, 3 the probability that | x | < 2 is

PY
DO U A
5
(a)
7
T
ED PR

2
(b)
7
C
©

3
(c)
7

1
(d)
7

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A number x is chosen from the numbers −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2 and
3
TO FIND: Probability of getting |𝑥 | < 2
Total numbers are 7
Number x such that |𝑥 | < 2 are −1, 0, 1
Total numbers x such |𝑥 | < 2 are 3
 Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
3
Hence the probability of getting a number x such that |𝑥 | < 2 is equal to
7

Hence the correct option is (c).

Page No 16.38:
Question 30: If a number x is chosen from the numbers 1, 2, 3, and a

T IO S
number y is selected from the numbers 1, 4, 9. Then, P(xy < 9)

I
7
(a)
NO A D
CO N
9
A
5

PY
(b)
DO U A
9
T
ED PR

2
(c)
3
C

1
(d)
©

ANSWER:
GIVEN: x is chosen from the numbers 1, 2, 3 and y is chosen from the
numbers 1, 4, 9
TO FIND: Probability of getting 𝑃(𝑥𝑦) < 9
We will make multiplication table for x and y such that (𝑥𝑦) < 9
𝑥𝑦 = 1 × 1 = 1
=1×4=4
=1×9=9
=2×1=2
 =2×4=8
= 2 × 9 = 18
=3×1=3
= 3 × 4 = 12
= 3 × 9 = 27
So the numbers such that (𝑥𝑦) < 9 is 5
Number of favourable event

T IO S
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

I
5
NO A D
Hence 𝑃(𝑥𝑦) < 9 =

CO N
9
A
Hence the correct option is (b)

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 16.38:
Question 31: The probability that a non-leap year has 53 Sundays, is
C
©

2
(a)
7

5
(b)
7

6
(c)
7

1
(d)
7

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A non-leap year
TO FIND: Probability that a non-leap year has 53 Sundays.
Total number of days in non-leap year is 365days
365
Hence number of weeks in a non-leap year is = 52 weeks and 1 day
7

In a non-leap year, we have 52 complete weeks and 1 day which can be

any day of the week e.g. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday, Friday, and Saturday
To make 53 Sundays the additional day should be Sunday
Hence total number of days is 7

T IO S
Favorable day i.e. Sunday is 1

I
NO A D Number of favourable event

CO N
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
A
1

PY
Hence probability that a non-leap year has 53 Sundays is
DO U A
7
T
Hence the correct option is (d)
ED PR
C

Page No 16.38:
©

Question 32: In a single throw of a pair of dice, the probability of getting

the sum a perfect square is
1
(a)
18

7
(b)
36

1
(c)
6

2
(d)
9

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A pair of dice is thrown
TO FIND: Probability of getting the sum a perfect square
Let us first write the all possible events that can occur
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),

T IO S I
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
NO A D
CO N
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),
A
Hence total number of events is 62 = 36

PY
DO U A
Favorable events i.e. getting the sum as a perfect square are
T
ED PR

(1,3), (2,2), (3,1), (3,6), (4,5), (5,4), (6,3)

Hence total number of favorable events is 7
C

Number of favourable event

©

We know that PROBABILITY =

Total number of event
7
Hence probability of getting the sum a perfect square is
36

Hence the correct option is option (b)

Page No 16.38:
Question 33: What is the probability that a non-leap year has 53 Sundays?

6
(a)
7

1
(b)
7
 5
(c)
7

(d) None of these

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A non-leap year
TO FIND: Probability that a non-leap year has 53 Sundays.

T IO S
Total number of days in a non-leap year is 365days

I
365
NO A D
Hence number of weeks in a non-leap year is = 52 weeks and 1 day

CO N
7
A
In a non-leap year, we have 52 complete weeks and 1 day which can be

PY
any day of the week i.e. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
DO U A

Thursday, Friday and Saturday

T
ED PR

To make 53 Sundays the additional day should be Sunday

Hence total number of days which can be any day is7
C
©

Favorable day i.e. Sunday is 1

Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
1
Hence probability that a non-leap year has 53 Sundays is
7

Hence the correct option is (b).

Page No 16.38:
Question 34: Two numbers 'a' and 'b' are selected successively without
replacement in that order from the integers 1 to 10. The probability
𝑎
that is an integer, is
𝑏
 17
(a)
45

1
(b)
5

17
(c)
90

8
(d)
45

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
We have a set of natural numbers from 1 to 10 where and are two

CO N
variables which can take values from 1 to 10.
A
𝑎

PY
So, total number of possible combination of 𝑎 and 𝑏 so that ( ) is a
DO U A
𝑏
T
fraction without replacement are:
ED PR

1 1 1 1
( , , ,…. )
2 3 4 10
C

Similarly, we have 9 such sets of 10 elements each. So total number of

©

possible combination,
= (9)(10)
= 90
𝑎
Now the possible combination which makes ( ) an integer without
𝑏
replacement are-
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4 6 6 8 8 9 10 10
=( , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , )
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 4 3 2 5

= 17
𝑎
Therefore the probability that ( ) is an integer,
𝑏
 𝑎
Possible combination which make (𝑏) an integer
= 𝑎
Total possible combination of (𝑏)

17
=
90

The correct answer is option (c)

Page No 16.38:

T IO S
Question 35: Two dice are rolled simultaneously. The probability that

I
they show different faces is
2 NO A D
CO N
(a)
A
3

PY
DO U A
1
(b)
6
T
ED PR

1
(c)
3
C
©

5
(d)
6

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A pair of dice is thrown
TO FIND: Probability of getting different faces
Let us first write the all possible events that can occur
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6),
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6),
Hence total number of events 62 = 36
Favorable events i.e. getting different faces of both dice are
(1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6),
(2,1), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6),

T IO S
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,5), (4,6),

I
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,6),
NO A D
CO N
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5),
A
Hence total number of favorable events i.e. getting different faces of both

PY
DO U A
dice is 30
T
Number of favourable event
ED PR

We know that PROBABILITY =

Total number of event
30 5
Hence probability of getting different faces of both dice is =
C

6 6
©

Hence the correct option is (d).

Page No 16.38:
Question 36: What is the probability that a leap year has 52 Mondays?

2
(a)
7

4
(b)
7

5
(c)
7
 6
(d)
7

ANSWER:
GIVEN: A leap year
TO FIND: Probability that a leap year has 52 Mondays.
Total number of days in leap year is 366days
366

T IO S
Hence number of weeks in a leap year is = 52 weeks and 2 day
7

I
In a leap year we have 52 complete weeks and 2 days which can be any
NO A D
CO N
pair of the day of the week i.e.
A
(Sunday, Monday)

PY
DO U A

(Monday, Tuesday)
T
ED PR

(Tuesday, Wednesday)
(Wednesday, Thursday)
C
©

(Thursday, Friday)
(Friday, Saturday)
(Saturday, Sunday)
To make 52 Mondays the additional days should not include Monday
Hence total number of pairs of days is 7
Favorable day i.e. in which Mondays is not there is 5
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event
5
Hence probability that a leap year has 52 Mondays is equal to
7

Hence the correct option is (c).

 Page No 16.38:
Question 37: If a two-digit number is chosen at random, then the
probability that the number chosen is a multiple of 3, is
3
(a)
10

29
(b)
100

T IO S
1
(c)
3

I
7 NO A D
CO N
(d)
A
25

PY
ANSWER:
DO U A

GIVEN: A two-digit number is chosen at random

T
ED PR

TO FIND: Probability that the number chosen is a multiple of 3

Total two digit numbers are 90
C
©

Two digit Numbers multiple of 3 are 12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,

45,48,51,54,57,60,63,66,69,72,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99
Hence total two digit numbers multiple of 3 are 30
Number of favourable event
We know that PROBABILITY =
Total number of event

Hence probability that the number chosen is a multiple of 3 is equal

30 1
to =
90 3

Hence the correct option is (c).

 Page No 16.38:
Question 38: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

Two dice are thrown together. The probability of getting the same number
on both dice is

1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 6 12

[CBSE 2012]

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
When two dice are thrown together, all possible outcomes are

PY
DO U A
T
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
ED PR

(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
C

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
©

(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

∴ Total number of outcomes = 36

The favourable outcomes are (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5) and (6, 6).

So, the number of favourable outcomes are 6.

∴ P(getting the same number on both dice)

Favourable number of outcomes 6 1
= = =
Total number of outcomes 36 6

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

 Page No 16.39:
Question 39: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

In a family of 3 children, the probability of having at least one boy is

7 1 5 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 8 8 4

[CBSE 2014]

T IO S I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
The possible outcomes are BBB, BBG, BGB, GBB, BGG, GBG, GGB,
A
GGG.

PY
DO U A

∴ Total number of outcomes = 8

T
ED PR

The favourable outcomes are BBB, BBG, BGB, GBB, BGG, GBG, GGB.
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 7.
C
©

Favourable number of outcomes 7

∴ P(at least one boy) = =
Total number of outcomes 8

Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 16.39:
Question 40: Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:

A bag contains cards numbered from 1 to 25. A card is drawn at random

from the bag. The probability that the number on this card is divisible by
both 2 and 3 is
1 3 4 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15 25 25 25
 [CBSE 2014]

ANSWER:
The total number of cards in the bag is 25.

∴ Total number of outcomes = 25

The numbers from 1 to 25 which are divisible by both 2 and 3 are 6, 12,

T IO S
18 and 24.

I
NO A D
CO N
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 4.
A

PY
∴ P(number on the drawn card is divisible by both 2 and 3)
DO U A
Favourable number of outcomes 4
=
T =
ED PR

Total number of outcomes 25

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

C
©