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MVC Interview Questions/Answers

What are the 3 main components of an ASP.NET MVC application?

1. M - Model
2. V - View
3. C - Controller

In which assembly is the MVC framework defined?

System.Web.Mvc

Is it possible to combine ASP.NET webforms and ASP.MVC and

develop a single web application?
Yes, it is possible to combine ASP.NET webforms and ASP.MVC and develop
a single web application.

What does Model, View and Controller represent in an MVC

application?
Model: Model represents the application data domain. In short the
applications business logic is contained with in the model.

View: Views represent the user interface, with which the end users interact.
In short the all the user interface logic is contained with in the UI.

Controller: Controller is the component that responds to user actions. Based

on the user actions, the respective controller, work with the model, and
selects a view to render that displays the user interface. The user input logic
is contained with in the controller.

What is the greatest advantage of using asp.net mvc over asp.net

webforms?
It is difficult to unit test UI with webforms, where views in mvc can be very
easily unit tested.

Which approach provides better support for test driven development

- ASP.NET MVC or ASP.NET Webforms?
ASP.NET MVC

What are the advantages of ASP.NET MVC?

1. Extensive support for TDD. With asp.net MVC, views can also be very
easily unit tested.
2. Complex applications can be easily managed
3. Seperation of concerns. Different aspects of the application can be divided
into Model, View and Controller.
4. ASP.NET MVC views are light weight, as they donot use viewstate.

Is it possible to unit test an MVC application without running the

controllers in an ASP.NET process?
Yes, all the features in an asp.net MVC application are interface based and
hence mocking is much easier. So, we don't have to run the controllers in an
ASP.NET process for unit testing.

Is it possible to share a view across multiple controllers?

Yes, put the view into the shared folder. This will automatically make the
view available across multiple controllers.

What is the role of a controller in an MVC application?

The controller responds to user interactions, with the application, by
selecting the action method to execute and alse selecting the view to
render.

Where are the routing rules defined in an asp.net MVC application?

In Application_Start event in Global.asax

Name a few different return types of a controller action method?

The following are just a few return types of a controller action method. In
general an action method can return an instance of a any class that derives
from ActionResult class.
1. ViewResult
2. JavaScriptResult
3. RedirectResult
4. ContentResult
5. JsonResult

What is the significance of NonActionAttribute?

In general, all public methods of a controller class are treated as action
methods. If you want prevent this default behaviour, just decorate the
public method with NonActionAttribute.

What is the significance of ASP.NET routing?

ASP.NET MVC uses ASP.NET routing, to map incoming browser requests to
controller action methods. ASP.NET Routing makes use of route table. Route
table is created when your web application first starts. The route table is
present in the Global.asax file.

What are the 3 segments of the default route, that is present in an

ASP.NET MVC application?
1st Segment - Controller Name
2nd Segment - Action Method Name
3rd Segment - Parameter that is passed to the action method

Example: http://pragimtech.com/Customer/Details/5
Controller Name = Customer
Action Method Name = Details
Parameter Id = 5

ASP.NET MVC application, makes use of settings at 2 places for

routing to work correctly. What are these 2 places?
1. Web.Config File : ASP.NET routing has to be enabled here.
2. Global.asax File : The Route table is created in the application Start event
handler, of the Global.asax file.

What is the adavantage of using ASP.NET routing?

In an ASP.NET web application that does not make use of routing, an
incoming browser request should map to a physical file. If the file does not
exist, we get page not found error.

An ASP.NET web application that does make use of routing, makes use of
URLs that do not have to map to specific files in a Web site. Because the
URL does not have to map to a file, you can use URLs that are descriptive of
the user's action and therefore are more easily understood by users.

What are the 3 things that are needed to specify a route?

1. URL Pattern - You can include placeholders in a URL pattern so that
variable data can be passed to the request handler without requiring a query
string.
2. Handler - The handler can be a physical file such as an .aspx file or a
controller class.
3. Name for the Route - Name is optional.

Is the following route definition a valid route definition?

{controller}{action}/{id}
No, the above definition is not a valid route definition, because there is no
literal value or delimiter between the placeholders. Therefore, routing
cannot determine where to separate the value for the controller placeholder
from the value for the action placeholder.

What is the use of the following default route?

{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}
This route definition, prevent requests for the Web resource files such as
WebResource.axd or ScriptResource.axd from being passed to a controller.
What is the difference between adding routes, to a webforms
application and to an mvc application?
To add routes to a webforms application, we use MapPageRoute() method of
the RouteCollection class, where as to add routes to an MVC application we
use MapRoute() method.

How do you handle variable number of segments in a route

definition?
Use a route with a catch-all parameter. An example is shown below. * is
referred to as catch-all parameter.
controller/{action}/{*parametervalues}

What are the 2 ways of adding constraints to a route?

1. Use regular expressions
2. Use an object that implements IRouteConstraint interface

Give 2 examples for scenarios when routing is not applied?

1. A Physical File is Found that Matches the URL Pattern - This default
behaviour can be overriden by setting the RouteExistingFiles property of the
RouteCollection object to true.
2. Routing Is Explicitly Disabled for a URL Pattern - Use the
RouteCollection.Ignore() method to prevent routing from handling certain
requests.

What is the use of action filters in an MVC application?

Action Filters allow us to add pre-action and post-action behavior to
controller action methods.

If I have multiple filters impleted, what is the order in which these

filters get executed?
1. Authorization filters
2. Action filters
3. Response filters
4. Exception filters

What are the different types of filters, in an asp.net mvc application?

1. Authorization filters
2. Action filters
3. Result filters
4. Exception filters

Give an example for Authorization filters in an asp.net mvc

application?
1. RequireHttpsAttribute
2. AuthorizeAttribute

Which filter executes first in an asp.net mvc application?

Authorization filter

What are the levels at which filters can be applied in an asp.net mvc
application?
1. Action Method
2. Controller
3. Application
[b]Is it possible to create a custom filter?[/b]
Yes

What filters are executed in the end?

Exception Filters

Is it possible to cancel filter execution?

Yes

What type of filter does OutputCacheAttribute class represents?

Result Filter

What are the 2 popular asp.net mvc view engines?

1. Razor
2. .aspx

What symbol would you use to denote, the start of a code block in
razor views?
@

What symbol would you use to denote, the start of a code block in
aspx views?
<%= %>

In razor syntax, what is the escape sequence character for @

symbol?
The escape sequence character for @ symbol, is another @ symbol

When using razor views, do you have to take any special steps to
proctect your asp.net mvc application from cross site scripting (XSS)
attacks?
No, by default content emitted using a @ block is automatically HTML
encoded to protect from cross site scripting (XSS) attacks.

When using aspx view engine, to have a consistent look and feel,
across all pages of the application, we can make use of asp.net
master pages. What is asp.net master pages equivalent, when using
razor views?
To have a consistent look and feel when using razor views, we can make use
of layout pages. Layout pages, reside in the shared folder, and are named
as _Layout.cshtml

What are sections?

Layout pages, can define sections, which can then be overriden by specific
views making use of the layout. Defining and overriding sections is optional.

What are the file extensions for razor views?

1. .cshtml - If the programming lanugaue is C#
2. .vbhtml - If the programming lanugaue is VB

How do you specify comments using razor syntax?

Razor syntax makes use of @* to indicate the begining of a comment and
*@ to indicate the end. An example is shown below.
@* This is a Comment *@

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mvc_framework/mvc_framework_interview_questions.htm

Breifly explain us what is ASP.Net MVC?

ASP.Net MVC is a pattern which is used to split the application's implementation logic into three
components i.e. models, views, and controllers.

Tell us something about Model, view and Controllers in Asp.Net MVC?

Model : It is basically a business entity which is used to represent the application data. Controller
: The Request which is sent by the user always scatters through controller and it's responsibility
is to redirect to the specific view using View () method. View : it's the presentation layer of
ASP.Net MVC.

Do you know about the new features in ASP.Net MVC 4 (ASP.Net MVC4)?

Following are features added newly : Mobile templates Added ASP.NET Web API template for
creating REST based services. Asynchronous controller task support. Bundling of the java
scripts. Segregating the configs for ASP.Net MVC routing, Web API, Bundle etc.

How does the 'page lifecycle' of ASP.Net MVC works?

Below are the processed followed in the sequence -

 App initializWhat is Separation of Concerns in ASP.NET ASP.Net MVCation

 Routing
 Instantiate and execute controller
 Locate and invoke controller action
 Instantiate and render view.

Explain the advantages of ASP.Net MVC over ASP.NET?

 Provides a clean separation of concerns among UI (Presentation layer), model (Transfer

objects/Domain Objects/Entities) and Business Logic (Controller).
 Easy to UNIT Test.
 Improved reusability of model and views. We can have multiple views which can point to
the same model and vice versa.
 Improved structuring of the code.

What is Separation of Concerns in ASP.NET ASP.Net MVC?

It is the process of breaking the program into various distinct features which overlaps in
functionality as little as possible. ASP.Net MVC pattern concerns on separating the content from
presentation and data-processing from content.

What is Razor View Engine?

Razor is the first major update to render HTML in ASP.Net MVC 3. Razor was designed
specifically for view engine syntax. Main focus of this would be to simplify and code-focused
templating for HTML generation. Below is the sample of using Razor:

@model ASP.Net MVCMusicStore.Models.Customer

@{ViewBag.Title = "Get Customers";}
< div class="cust"> <h3><em>@Model.CustomerName</<em> </<h3><div>
What is the meaning of Unobtrusive JavaScript? Explain us by any practical example.

This is a general term that conveys a general philosophy, similar to the term REST
(Representational State Transfer). Unobtrusive JavaScript doesn't inter mix JavaScript code in
your page markup. Eg : Instead of using events like onclick and onsubmit, the unobtrusive
JavaScript attaches to elements by their ID or class based on the HTML5 data- attributes.

What is the use of View Model in ASP.Net MVC?

View Model is a plain class with properties, which is used to bind it to strongly typed view.
View Model can have the validation rules defined for its properties using data annotations.

What you mean by Routing in ASP.Net MVC?

Routing is a pattern matching mechanism of incoming requests to the URL patterns which are
registered in route table. Class : "UrlRoutingModule" is used for the same process.

What are Actions in ASP.Net MVC?

Actions are the methods in Controller class which is responsible for returning the view or json
data. Action will mainly have return type : "ActionResult" and it will be invoked from method :
"InvokeAction()" called by controller.

What is Attribute Routing in ASP.Net MVC?

ASP.NET Web API supports this type routing. This is introduced in ASP.Net MVC5. In this
type of routing, attributes are being used to define the routes. This type of routing gives more
control over classic URI Routing. Attribute Routing can be defined at controller level or at
Action level like :

[Route("{action = TestCategoryList}")] - Controller Level

[Route("customers/{TestCategoryId:int:min(10)}")] - Action Level
How to enable Attribute Routing?

Just add @Model.CustomerName the method : "MapASP.Net MVCAttributeRoutes()" to enable

attribute routing as shown below:

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)

{
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
//enabling attribute routing
routes.MapASP.Net MVCAttributeRoutes();
//convention-based routing
routes.MapRoute
(
name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Customer", action =
"GetCustomerList", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
}
Explain JSON Binding?

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) binding support started from ASP.Net MVC3 onwards via
the new JsonValueProviderFactory, which allows the action methods to accept and model-bind
data in JSON format. This is useful in Ajax scenarios like client templates and data binding that
need to post data back to the server.

Explain Dependency Resolution?

Dependency Resolver again has been introduced in ASP.Net MVC3 and it is greatly simplified
the use of dependency injection in your applications. This turn to be easier and useful for
decoupling the application components and making them easier to test and more configurable.
Explain Bundle.Config in ASP.Net MVC4?

"BundleConfig.cs" in ASP.Net MVC4 is used to register the bundles by the bundling and
minification system. Many bundles are added by default including jQuery libraries like -
jquery.validate, Modernizr, and default CSS references.

How route table has been created in ASP.NET ASP.Net MVC?

Method : "RegisterRoutes()" is used for registering the routes which will be added in
"Application_Start()" method of global.asax file, which is fired when the application is loaded or
started.

Which are the important namespaces used in ASP.Net MVC?

Below are the important namespaces used in ASP.Net MVC -

 System.Web.ASP.Net MVC
 System.Web.ASP.Net MVC.Ajax
 System.Web.ASP.Net MVC.Html
 System.Web.ASP.Net MVC.Async

What is ViewData?

Viewdata contains the key, value pairs as dictionary and this is derived from class :
"ViewDataDictionary". In action method we are setting the value for viewdata and in view the
value will be fetched by typecasting.

What is the difference between ViewBag and ViewData in ASP.Net MVC?

ViewBag is a wrapper around ViewData, which allows to create dynamic properties. Advantage
of viewbag over viewdata will be : In ViewBag no need to typecast the objects as in ViewData.
ViewBag will take advantage of dynamic keyword which is introduced in version 4.0. But before
using ViewBag we have to keep in mind that ViewBag is slower than ViewData.

Explain TempData in ASP.Net MVC?

TempData is again a key, value pair as ViewData. This is derived from "TempDataDictionary"
class. TempData is used when the data is to be used in two consecutive requests, this could be
between the actions or between the controllers. This requires typecasting in view.

What are HTML Helpers in ASP.Net MVC?

HTML Helpers are like controls in traditional web forms. But HTML helpers are more
lightweight compared to web controls as it does not hold viewstate and events. HTML Helpers
returns the HTML string which can be directly rendered to HTML page. Custom HTML Helpers
also can be created by overriding "HtmlHelper" class.
What are AJAX Helpers in ASP.Net MVC?

AJAX Helpers are used to create AJAX enabled elements like as Ajax enabled forms and links
which performs the request asynchronously and these are extension methods of AJAXHelper
class which exists in namespace - System.Web.ASP.Net MVC.

What are the options can be configured in AJAX helpers?

Below are the options in AJAX helpers :

 Url : This is the request URL.

 Confirm : This is used to specify the message which is to be displayed in confirm box.
 OnBegin : Javascript method name to be given here and this will be called before the
AJAX request.
 OnComplete : Javascript method name to be given here and this will be called at the end
of AJAX request.
 OnSuccess - Javascript method name to be given here and this will be called when AJAX
request is successful.
 OnFailure - Javascript method name to be given here and this will be called when AJAX
request is failed.
 UpdateTargetId : Target element which is populated from the action returning HTML.

What is Layout in ASP.Net MVC?

Layout pages are similar to master pages in traditional web forms. This is used to set the
common look across multiple pages. In each child page we can find : /p>

@{
Layout = "~/Views/Shared/TestLayout1.cshtml";
}
This indicates child page uses TestLayout page as it's master page.
Explain Sections is ASP.Net MVC?

Section are the part of HTML which is to be rendered in layout page. In Layout page we will use
the below syntax for rendering the HTML :

@RenderSection("TestSection")
And in child pages we are defining these sections as shown below :
@section TestSection{
<h1>Test Content<h1>
}
If any child page does not have this section defined then error will be thrown so to avoid that we
can render the HTML like this :
@RenderSection("TestSection", required: false)
Can you explain RenderBody and RenderPage in ASP.Net MVC?
RenderBody is like ContentPlaceHolder in web forms. This will exist in layout page and it will
render the child pages/views. Layout page will have only one RenderBody() method.
RenderPage also exists in Layout page and multiple RenderPage() can be there in Layout page.

What is ViewStart Page in ASP.Net MVC?

This page is used to make sure common layout page will be used for multiple views. Code
written in this file will be executed first when application is being loaded.

Explain the methods used to render the views in ASP.Net MVC?

Below are the methods used to render the views from action -

 View() : To return the view from action.

 PartialView() : To return the partial view from action.
 RedirectToAction() : To Redirect to different action which can be in same controller or in
different controller.
 Redirect() : Similar to "Response.Redirect()" in webforms, used to redirect to specified
URL.
 RedirectToRoute() : Redirect to action from the specified URL but URL in the route table
has been matched.

What are the sub types of ActionResult?

ActionResult is used to represent the action method result. Below are the subtypes of
ActionResult :

 ViewResult
 PartialViewResult
 RedirectToRouteResult
 RedirectResult
 JavascriptResult
 JSONResult
 FileResult
 HTTPStatusCodeResult

What are Non Action methods in ASP.Net MVC?

In ASP.Net MVC all public methods have been treated as Actions. So if you are creating a
method and if you do not want to use it as an action method then the method has to be decorated
with "NonAction" attribute as shown below :

[NonAction]
public void TestMethod()
{
// Method logic
}
How to change the action name in ASP.Net MVC?

"ActionName" attribute can be used for changing the action name. Below is the sample code
snippet to demonstrate more :

[ActionName("TestActionNew")]
public ActionResult TestAction()
{
return View();
}
So in the above code snippet "TestAction" is the original action name and in "ActionName"
attribute, name - "TestActionNew" is given. So the caller of this action method will use the name
"TestActionNew" to call this action.
What are Code Blocks in Views?

Unlike code expressions that are evaluated and sent to the response, it is the blocks of code that
are executed. This is useful for declaring variables which we may be required to be used later.

@{
int x = 123;
string y = "aa";
}
What is the "HelperPage.IsAjax" Property?

The HelperPage.IsAjax property gets a value that indicates whether Ajax is being used during
the request of the Web page.

How we can call a JavaScript function on the change of a Dropdown List in ASP.Net MVC?

Create a JavaScript method:

function DrpIndexChanged() { }
Invoke the method:
< %:Html.DropDownListFor(x => x.SelectedProduct, new
SelectList(Model.Customers, "Value", "Text"), "Please Select a Customer", new
{ id = "ddlCustomers", onchange=" DrpIndexChanged ()" })%>
What are Validation Annotations?

Data annotations are attributes which can be found in the

"System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations" namespace. These attributes will be used for
server-side validation and client-side validation is also supported. Four attributes - Required,
String Length, Regular Expression and Range are used to cover the common validation
scenarios.

Why to use Html.Partial in ASP.Net MVC?

This method is used to render the specified partial view as an HTML string. This method does
not depend on any action methods. We can use this like below :
@Html.Partial("TestPartialView")
What is Html.RenderPartial?

Result of the method : "RenderPartial" is directly written to the HTML response. This method
does not return anything (void). This method also does not depend on action methods.
RenderPartial() method calls "Write()" internally and we have to make sure that "RenderPartial"
method is enclosed in the bracket. Below is the sample code snippet :
@{Html.RenderPartial("TestPartialView"); }

What is RouteConfig.cs in ASP.Net MVC 4?

"RouteConfig.cs" holds the routing configuration for ASP.Net MVC. RouteConfig will be
initialized on Application_Start event registered in Global.asax.

What are Scaffold templates in ASP.Net MVC?

Scaffolding in ASP.NET ASP.Net MVC is used to generate the Controllers,Model and Views for
create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) functionality in an application. The scaffolding will be
knowing the naming conventions used for models and controllers and views.

Explain the types of Scaffoldings.

Below are the types of scaffoldings :

 Empty
 Create
 Delete
 Details
 Edit
 List

Can a view be shared across multiple controllers? If Yes, How we can do that?

Yes we can share a view across multiple controllers. We can put the view in the "Shared" folder.
When we create a new ASP.Net MVC Project we can see the Layout page will be added in the
shared folder, which is because it is used by multiple child pages.

What are the components required to create a route in ASP.Net MVC?

 Name - This is the name of the route.

 URL Pattern : Placeholders will be given to match the request URL pattern.
 Defaults :When loading the application which controller, action to be loaded along with
the parameter.

Why to use "{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}" in routing in ASP.Net MVC?

Using this default route - {resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}, we can prevent the requests for the web
resources files like - WebResource.axd or ScriptResource.axd from passing to a controller.

Can we add constraints to the route? If yes, explain how we can do it?

Yes we can add constraints to route in following ways :

 Using Regular Expressions

 Using object which implements interface - IRouteConstraint.

What are the possible Razor view extensions?

Below are the two types of extensions razor view can have :

 .cshtml : In C# programming language this extension will be used.

 .vbhtml - In VB programming language this extension will be used.

What is PartialView in ASP.Net MVC?

PartialView is similar to UserControls in traditional web forms. For re-usability purpose partial
views are used. Since it's been shared with multiple views these are kept in shared folder. Partial
Views can be rendered in following ways :

 Html.Partial()
 Html.RenderPartial()

How we can add the CSS in ASP.Net MVC?

Below is the sample code snippet to add css to razor views : < link rel="StyleSheet"
href="/@Href(~Content/Site.css")" type="text/css"/>

Can I add ASP.Net MVC Testcases in Visual Studio Express?

No. We cannot add the test cases in Visual Studio Express edition it can be added only in
Professional and Ultimate versions of Visual Studio.

What is the use .Glimpse in ASP.Net MVC?

Glimpse is an open source tool for debugging the routes in ASP.Net MVC. It is the client side
debugger. Glimpse has to be turned on by visiting to local url link -
http://localhost:portname//glimpse.axd This is a popular and useful tool for debugging which
tracks the speed details, url details etc.

What is the need of Action Filters in ASP.Net MVC?

Action Filters allow us to execute the code before or after action has been executed. This can be
done by decorating the action methods of controls with ASP.Net MVC attributes.

Mention some action filters which are used regularly in ASP.Net MVC?

Below are some action filters used :

 Authentication
 Authorization
 HandleError
 OutputCache

How can we determine action invoked from HTTP GET or HTTP POST?

This can be done in following way : Use class : "HttpRequestBase" and use the method :
"HttpMethod" to determine the action request type.

In Server how to check whether model has error or not in ASP.Net MVC?

Whenever validation fails it will be tracked in ModelState. By using property : IsValid it can be
determined. In Server code, check like this :

if(ModelState.IsValid){
// No Validation Errors
}
How to make sure Client Validation is enabled in ASP.Net MVC?

In Web.Config there are tags called : "ClientValidationEnabled" and

"UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled". We can set the client side validation just by setting these two
tags "true", then this setting will be applied at the application level.

< add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />

< add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
What are Model Binders in ASP.Net MVC?

For Model Binding we will use class called : "ModelBinders", which gives access to all the
model binders in an application. We can create a custom model binders by inheriting
"IModelBinder".

How we can handle the exception at controller level in ASP.Net MVC?

Exception Handling is made simple in ASP.Net MVC and it can be done by just overriding
"OnException" and set the result property of the filtercontext object (as shown below) to the
view detail, which is to be returned in case of exception.

protected overrides void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)

{
}
Does Tempdata hold the data for other request in ASP.Net MVC?

If Tempdata is assigned in the current request then it will be available for the current request and
the subsequent request and it depends whether data in TempData read or not. If data in Tempdata
is read then it would not be available for the subsequent requests.

Explain Keep method in Tempdata in ASP.Net MVC?

As explained above in case data in Tempdata has been read in current request only then "Keep"
method has been used to make it available for the subsequent request.

@TempData["TestData"];
TempData.Keep("TestData");
Explain Peek method in Tempdata in ASP.Net MVC?

Similar to Keep method we have one more method called "Peek" which is used for the same
purpose. This method used to read data in Tempdata and it maintains the data for subsequent
request.

string A4str = TempData.Peek("TT").ToString();

What is Area in ASP.Net MVC?

Area is used to store the details of the modules of our project. This is really helpful for big
applications, where controllers, views and models are all in main controller, view and model
folders and it is very difficult to manage.

How we can register the Area in ASP.Net MVC?

When we have created an area make sure this will be registered in "Application_Start" event in
Global.asax. Below is the code snippet where area registration is done :

protected void Application_Start()

{
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
}
What are child actions in ASP.Net MVC?

To create reusable widgets child actions are used and this will be embedded into the parent
views. In ASP.Net MVC Partial views are used to have reusability in the application. Child
action mainly returns the partial views.

How we can invoke child actions in ASP.Net MVC?

"ChildActionOnly" attribute is decorated over action methods to indicate that action method is a
child action. Below is the code snippet used to denote the child action :

[ChildActionOnly]
public ActionResult MenuBar()
{
//Logic here
return PartialView();
}
What is Dependency Injection in ASP.Net MVC?

it's a design pattern and is used for developing loosely couple code. This is greatly used in the
software projects. This will reduce the coding in case of changes on project design so this is
vastly used.

Explain the advantages of Dependency Injection (DI) in ASP.Net MVC?

Below are the advantages of DI :

 Reduces class coupling

 Increases code reusing
 Improves code maintainability
 Improves application testing

Explain Test Driven Development (TDD) ?

TDD is a methodology which says, write your tests first before you write your code. In TDD,
tests drive your application design and development cycles. You do not do the check-in of your
code into source control until all of your unit tests pass.

Explain the tools used for unit testing in ASP.Net MVC?

Below are the tools used for unit testing :

 NUnit
 xUnit.NET
 Ninject 2
 Moq

What is Representational State Transfer (REST) mean?

REST is an architectural style which uses HTTP protocol methods like GET, POST, PUT, and
DELETE to access the data. ASP.Net MVC works in this style. In ASP.Net MVC 4 there is a
support for Web API which uses to build the service using HTTP verbs.

How to use Jquery Plugins in ASP.Net MVC validation?

We can use dataannotations for validation in ASP.Net MVC. If we want to use validation during
runtime using Jquery then we can use Jquery plugins for validation. Eg: If validation is to be
done on customer name textbox then we can do as :

$('#CustomerName').rules("add", {
required: true,
minlength: 2,
messages: {
required: "Please enter name",
minlength: "Minimum length is 2"
}
});
How we can multiple submit buttons in ASP.Net MVC?

Below is the scenario and the solution to solve multiple submit buttons issue. Scenario :

@using (Html.BeginForm("MyTestAction","MyTestController")
{
<input type="submit" value="MySave" />
<input type="submit" value="MyEdit" />
}
Solution :
Public ActionResult MyTestAction(string submit) //submit will have value
either "MySave" or "MyEdit"
{
// Write code here
}
What are the differences between Partial View and Display Template and Edit Templates in
ASP.Net MVC?

 Display Templates : These are model centric. Meaning it depends on the properties of the
view model used. It uses convention that will only display like divs or labels.
 Edit Templates : These are also model centric but will have editable controls like
Textboxes.
 Partial View : These are view centric. These will differ from templates by the way they
render the properties (Id's) Eg : CategoryViewModel has Product class property then it
will be rendered as Model.Product.ProductName but in case of templates if we
CategoryViewModel has List then @Html.DisplayFor(m => m.Products) works and it
renders the template for each item of this list.

Can I set the unlimited length for "maxJsonLength" property in config?

No. We can't set unlimited length for property maxJsonLength. Default value is - 102400 and
maximum value what we can set would be : 2147483644.

Can I use Razor code in Javascript in ASP.Net MVC?

Yes. We can use the razor code in javascript in cshtml by using <text> element.

< script type="text/javascript">

@foreach (var item in Model) {
< text >
//javascript goes here which uses the server values
< text >
}
< script>
How can I return string result from Action in ASP.Net MVC?

Below is the code snippet to return string from action method :

public ActionResult TestAction() {

return Content("Hello Test !!");
}
How to return the JSON from action method in ASP.Net MVC?

Below is the code snippet to return string from action method :

public ActionResult TestAction() {

return JSON(new { prop1 = "Test1", prop2 = "Test2" });
}

http://career.guru99.com/top-31-model-view-controllermvc-interview-questions/

Top 31 Model View Controller(MVC) Interview Questions

1) Explain what is Model-View-Controller?

MVC is a software architecture pattern for developing web application. It is handled by three
objects Model-View-Controller.

2) Mention what does Model-View-Controller represent in an MVC application?

In an MVC model,

 Model– It represents the application data domain. In other words applications business logic is
contained within the model and is responsible for maintaining data
 View– It represents the user interface, with which the end users communicates. In short all the
user interface logic is contained within the VIEW
 Controller– It is the controller that answers to user actions. Based on the user actions, the
respective controller responds within the model and choose a view to render that display the
user interface. The user input logic is contained with-in the controller

3) Explain in which assembly is the MVC framework is defined?

The MVC framework is defined in System.Web.Mvc.

4) List out few different return types of a controller action method?

 View Result
 Javascript Result
 Redirect Result
 Json Result
 Content Result
5) Mention what is the difference between adding routes, to a webform application and an
MVC application?

To add routes to a webform application, we can use MapPageRoute() method of the

RouteCollection class, where adding routes to an MVC application, you can use MapRoute()
method.

6) Mention what are the two ways to add constraints to a route?

The two methods to add constraints to a route is

 Use regular expressions

 Use an object that implements IRouteConstraint Interface

7) Mention what is the advantages of MVC?

 MVC segregates your project into a different segment, and it becomes easy for developers to
work on
 It is easy to edit or change some part of your project that makes project less development and
maintenance cost
 MVC makes your project more systematic

8) Mention what “beforFilter()”,“beforeRender” and “afterFilter” functions do in

Controller?

 beforeFilter(): This function is run before every action in the controller. It’s the right place to
check for an active session or inspect user permissions.
  beforeRender(): This function is called after controller action logic, but before the view is
rendered. This function is not often used, but may be required If you are calling render()
manually before the end of a given action
 afterFilter(): This function is called after every controller action, and after rendering is done. It is
the last controller method to run

9) Explain the role of components Presentation, Abstraction and Control in MVC?

 Presentation: It is the visual representation of a specific abstraction within the application

 Abstraction: It is the business domain functionality within the application
 Control: It is a component that keeps consistency between the abstraction within the system
and their presentation to the user in addition to communicating with other controls within the
system

10) Mention the advantages and disadvantages of MVC model?

Advantages Disadvantages

 It represents clear separation between  The model pattern is little complex

business logic and presentation logic  Inefficiency of data access in view
 Each MVC object has different  With modern user interface, it is
responsibilities difficult to use MVC
 The development progresses in parallel  You need multiple programmers for
 Easy to manage and maintain parallel development
 All classes and object are independent  Multiple technologies knowledge is
of each other required

11) Explain the role of “ActionFilters” in MVC?

In MVC “ ActionFilters” help you to execute logic while MVC action is executed or its
executing.

12) Explain what are the steps for the execution of an MVC project?

The steps for the execution of an MVC project includes

 Receive first request for the application

 Performs routing
 Creates MVC request handler
 Create Controller
 Execute Controller
 Invoke action
 Execute Result

13) Explain what is routing? What are the three segments for routing is important?
Routing helps you to decide a URL structure and map the URL with the Controller.

The three segments that are important for routing is

 ControllerName
 ActionMethodName
 Parameter

14) Explain how routing is done in MVC pattern?

There is a group of routes called the RouteCollection, which consists of registered routes in the
application. The RegisterRoutes method records the routes in this collection. A route defines a
URL pattern and a handler to use if the request matches the pattern. The first parameter to the
MapRoute method is the name of the route. The second parameter will be the pattern to which
the URL matches. The third parameter might be the default values for the placeholders if they
are not determined.

15) Explain using hyperlink how you can navigate from one view to other view?

By using “ActionLink” method as shown in the below code. The below code will make a simple
URL which help to navigate to the “Home” controller and invoke the “GotoHome” action.

Collapse / Copy Code

<%= Html.ActionLink(“Home”, “Gotohome”) %>

16) Mention how can maintain session in MVC?

Session can be maintained in MVC by three ways tempdata, viewdata, and viewbag.

17) Mention what is the difference between Temp data, View, and View Bag?

 Temp data: It helps to maintain data when you shift from one controller to other controller.
 View data: It helps to maintain data when you move from controller to view
 View Bag: It’s a dynamic wrapper around view data

18) What is partial view in MVC?

Partial view in MVC renders a portion of view content. It is helpful in reducing code duplication.
In simple terms, partial view allows to render a view within the parent view.

19) Explain how you can implement Ajax in MVC?

In Ajax, MVC can be implemented in two ways

 Ajax libraries
 Jquery

20) Mention what is the difference between “ActionResult” and “ViewResult” ?

“ActionResult” is an abstract class while “ViewResult” is derived from “AbstractResult” class.

“ActionResult” has a number of derived classes like “JsonResult”, “FileStreamResult” and
“ViewResult” .

“ActionResult” is best if you are deriving different types of view dynamically.

21) Explain how you can send the result back in JSON format in MVC?

In order to send the result back in JSON format in MVC, you can use “JSONRESULT” class.

22) Explain what is the difference between View and Partial View?

View Partial View

 It does not contain the layout page

 Partial view does not verify for a
 It contains the layout page
viewstart.cshtml. We cannot put
 Before any view is rendered, viewstart
common code for a partial view within
page is rendered
the viewStart.cshtml.page
 View might have markup tags like
 Partial view is designed specially to
body, html, head, title, meta etc.
render within the view and just because
 View is not lightweight as compare to
of that it does not consist any mark up
Partial View
 We can pass a regular view to the
RenderPartial method

23) List out the types of result in MVC?

In MVC, there are twelve types of results in MVC where “ActionResult” class is the main class
while the 11 are their sub-types

 ViewResult
 PartialViewResult
 EmptyResult
 RedirectResult
 RedirectToRouteResult
 JsonResult
 JavaScriptResult
  ContentResult
 FileContentResult
 FileStreamResult
 FilePathResult

24) Mention what is the importance of NonActionAttribute?

All public methods of a controller class are treated as the action method if you want to prevent
this default method then you have to assign the public method with NonActionAttribute.

25) Mention what is the use of the default route {resource}.axd/{*pathinfo} ?

This default route prevents request for a web resource file such as Webresource.axd or
ScriptResource.axd from being passed to the controller.

26) Mention the order of the filters that get executed, if the multiple filters are
implemented?

The filter order would be like

 Authorization filters
 Action filters
 Response filters
 Exception filters

27) Mention what filters are executed in the end?

In the end “Exception Filters” are executed.

28) Mention what are the file extensions for razor views?

For razor views the file extensions are

 .cshtml: If C# is the programming language

 .vbhtml: If VB is the programming language

29) Mention what are the two ways for adding constraints to a route?

Two methods for adding constraints to route is

 Using regular expressions

 Using an object that implements IRouteConstraint interface

30) Mention two instances where routing is not implemented or required?

Two instance where routing is not required are

  When a physical file is found that matches the URL pattern
 When routing is disabled for a URL pattern

31) Mention what are main benefits of using MVC?

There are two key benefits of using MVC

 As the code is moved behind a separate class file, you can use the code to a great extent
 As behind code is simply moved to.NET class, it is possible to automate UI testing. This gives an
opportunity to automate manual testing and write unit tests.