TOP 50 ASP.

NET MVC Interview Questions with Answers

1) What is ASP.NET MVC?

ASP.NET MVC is a web application Framework. It is light weight and highly testable Framework. MVC
separates application into three components — Model, View and Controller.

2) Can you explain Model, Controller and View in MVC?

Model — It’s a business entity and it is used to represent the application data.
Controller — Request sent by the user always scatters through controller and it’s responsibility is to
redirect to the specific view using View() method.
View — It’s the presentation layer of MVC.

3)Explain the new features added in version 4 of MVC (MVC4)?

Following are features added newly –

→Asynchronous controller task support.
→Bundling the java scripts.
→Segregating the configs for MVC routing, Web API, Bundle etc.
→Mobile templates
→Added ASP.NET Web API template for creating REST based services.
→Asynchronous controller task support.
→Bundling the java scripts.
→Segregating the configs for MVC routing, Web API, Bundle etc.

4)Can you explain the page life cycle of MVC?

Below are the processed followed in the sequence –

→App initialization
→Routing
→Instantiate and execute controller
→Locate and invoke controller action
→Instantiate and render view.

5) What are the advantages of MVC over ASP.NET?

→Provides a clean separation of concerns among UI (Presentation layer), model (Transfer
objects/Domain Objects/Entities) and Business Logic (Controller).
→Easy to UNIT Test.
→Improved reusability of model and views. We can have multiple views which can point to the same
model and vice versa.
→Improved structuring of the code.
A main advantage of MVC is separation of concern. Separation of concern means we divide the
application Model, Control and View.

 It supports TTD (test-driven development). We can create an application with unit test. We can
write won test case.

6) What is Separation of Concerns in ASP.NET MVC?

It’s is the process of breaking the program into various distinct features which overlaps in functionality as
little as possible. MVC pattern concerns on separating the content from presentation and data-processing
from content.

7) What is Razor View Engine?

Razor is the first major update to render HTML in MVC 3. Razor was designed specifically for view engine
syntax. Main focus of this would be to simplify and code-focused templating for HTML generation. Below
is the sample of using Razor:
@model MvcMusicStore.Models.Customer
@{ViewBag.Title = “Get Customers”;}
<div class=”cust”> <h3><em>@Model.CustomerName</em> </h3>

8) What is the meaning of Unobtrusive JavaScript?

This is a general term that conveys a general philosophy, similar to the term REST (Representational State
Transfer). Unobtrusive JavaScript doesn’t intermix JavaScript code in your page markup.

Eg : Instead of using events like onclick and onsubmit, the unobtrusive JavaScript attaches to elements by
their ID or class based on the HTML5 data- attributes.

9) What is the use of ViewModel in MVC?

ViewModel is a plain class with properties, which is used to bind it to strongly typed view. ViewModel can
have the validation rules defined for its properties using data annotations.

10) What you mean by Routing in MVC?

Routing is a pattern matching mechanism of incoming requests to the URL patterns which are registered
in route table. Class — “UrlRoutingModule” is used for the same process.
11) What are Actions in MVC?

Actions are the methods in Controller class which is responsible for returning the view or json data.
Action will mainly have return type — “ActionResult” and it will be invoked from method
— “InvokeAction()” called by controller.

12) What is Attribute Routing in MVC?

ASP.NET Web API supports this type routing. This is introduced in MVC5. In this type of routing, attributes
are being used to define the routes. This type of routing gives more control over classic URI Routing.
Attribute Routing can be defined at controller level or at Action level like –
[Route(“{action = TestCategoryList}”)] — Controller Level
[Route(“customers/{TestCategoryId:int:min(10)}”)] — Action Level

13) How to enable Attribute Routing?

Just add the method — “MapMvcAttributeRoutes()” to enable attribute routing as shown below

public static void RegistearRoutes(RouteCollection routes)

{
routes.IgnoareRoute(“{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}”);
//enabling attribute routing
routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();
//convention-based routing
routes.MapRoute
(
name: “Default”,
url: “{controller}/{action}/{id}”,
defaults: new { controller = “Customer”, action = “GetCustomerList”, id = UrlParameter.Optional }

);

14) Explain JSON Binding?

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) binding support started from MVC3 onwards via the new
JsonValueProviderFactory, which allows the action methods to accept and model-bind data in JSON
format. This is useful in Ajax scenarios like client templates and data binding that need to post data back
to the server.
 15) Explain Dependency Resolution?

Dependency Resolver again has been introduced in MVC3 and it is greatly simplified the use of
dependency injection in your applications. This turn to be easier and useful for decoupling the application
components and making them easier to test and more configurable.

16) Explain Bundle.Config in MVC4?

“BundleConfig.cs” in MVC4 is used to register the bundles by the bundling and minification system. Many
bundles are added by default including jQuery libraries like — jquery.validate, Modernizr, and default CSS
references.

17) How route table has been created in ASP.NET MVC?

Method — “RegisterRoutes()” is used for registering the routes which will be added in
“Application_Start()” method of global.asax file, which is fired when the application is loaded or started.

18) Which are the important namespaces used in MVC?

Below are the important namespaces used in MVC -

System.Web.Mvc

System.Web.Mvc.Ajax

System.Web.Mvc.Html

System.Web.Mvc.Async

19) What is ViewData?

Viewdata contains the key, value pairs as dictionary and this is derived from class
— “ViewDataDictionary“. In action method we are setting the value for viewdata and in view the value
will be fetched by typecasting.

20) What is the difference between ViewBag and ViewData in MVC?

ViewBag is a wrapper around ViewData, which allows to create dynamic properties. Advantage of
viewbag over viewdata will be –

In ViewBag no need to typecast the objects as in ViewData.

ViewBag will take advantage of dynamic keyword which is introduced in version 4.0. But before using
ViewBag we have to keep in mind that ViewBag is slower than ViewData.

21) Explain TempData in MVC?

TempData is again a key, value pair as ViewData. This is derived from “TempDataDictionary” class.
TempData is used when the data is to be used in two consecutive requests, this could be between the
actions or between the controllers. This requires typecasting in view.

22) What are HTML Helpers in MVC?

HTML Helpers are like controls in traditional web forms. But HTML helpers are more lightweight
compared to web controls as it does not hold viewstate and events.

HTML Helpers returns the HTML string which can be directly rendered to HTML page. Custom HTML
Helpers also can be created by overriding “HtmlHelper” class.

HTML helpers help you to render HTML controls in the view. For instance if you want to display a HTML
textbox on the view , below is the HTML helper code.
<%= Html.TextBox("FirstName") %>

For checkbox below is the HTML helper code. In this way we have HTML helper methods for every HTML
control that exists.
<%= Html.CheckBox("Yes") %>

23) What are AJAX Helpers in MVC?

AJAX Helpers are used to create AJAX enabled elements like as Ajax enabled forms and links which
performs the request asynchronously and these are extension methods of AJAXHelper class which exists
in namespace — System.Web.Mvc.

24) What are the options can be configured in AJAX helpers?

Below are the options in AJAX helpers –

Url — This is the request URL.

Confirm — This is used to specify the message which is to be displayed in confirm box.

OnBegin — Javascript method name to be given here and this will be called before the AJAX request.

OnComplete — Javascript method name to be given here and this will be called at the end of AJAX
request.

OnSuccess — Javascript method name to be given here and this will be called when AJAX request is
successful.

OnFailure — Javascript method name to be given here and this will be called when AJAX request is failed.

UpdateTargetId — Target element which is populated from the action returning HTML.

25) What is Layout in MVC?

Layout pages are similar to master pages in traditional web forms. This is used to set the common look
across multiple pages. In each child page we can find — /p>

@{

Layout = “~/Views/Shared/TestLayout1.cshtml”;

This indicates child page uses TestLayout page as it’s master page.

26) Explain Sections is MVC?

Section are the part of HTML which is to be rendered in layout page. In Layout page we will use the below
syntax for rendering the HTML –

@RenderSection(“TestSection”)

And in child pages we are defining these sections as shown below –

@section TestSection{

<h1>Test Content</h1>

If any child page does not have this section defined then error will be thrown so to avoid that we can
render the HTML like this –

@RenderSection(“TestSection”, required: false)

27) Can you explain RenderBody and RenderPage in MVC?

RenderBody is like ContentPlaceHolder in web forms. This will exist in layout page and it will render the
child pages/views. Layout page will have only one RenderBody() method. RenderPage also exists in
Layout page and multiple RenderPage() can be there in Layout page.

28) What is ViewStart Page in MVC?

This page is used to make sure common layout page will be used for multiple views. Code written in this
file will be executed first when application is being loaded.

29) Explain the methods used to render the views in MVC?

Below are the methods used to render the views from action -

View() — To return the view from action.

PartialView() — To return the partial view from action.

RedirectToAction() — To Redirect to different action which can be in same controller or in different

controller.

Redirect() — Similar to “Response.Redirect()” in webforms, used to redirect to specified URL.

RedirectToRoute() — Redirect to action from the specified URL but URL in the route table has been
matched.
 30) What are the sub types of ActionResult?

ActionResult is used to represent the action method result. Below are the subtypes of ActionResult –

 ViewResult (View): This return type is used to return a webpage from an action method.
 PartialviewResult (Partialview): This return type is used to send a part of a view which will be
rendered in another view.
 RedirectResult (Redirect): This return type is used to redirect to any other controller and action
method depending on the URL.
 RedirectToRouteResult (RedirectToAction, RedirectToRoute): This return type is used when we
want to redirect to any other action method.
 ContentResult (Content): This return type is used to return HTTP content type like text/plain as
the result of the action.
 jsonResult (json): This return type is used when we want to return a JSON message.
 javascriptResult (javascript): This return type is used to return JavaScript code that will run in
browser.
 FileResult (File): This return type is used to send binary output in response.
 EmptyResult: This return type is used to return nothing (void) in the result.

HTTPStatusCodeResult

31) What are Non Action methods in MVC?

In MVC all public methods have been treated as Actions. So if you are creating a method and if you do not
want to use it as an action method then the method has to be decorated with “NonAction” attribute as
shown below –

[NonAction]

public void TestMethod()

// Method logic

32) How to change the action name in MVC?

“ActionName” attribute can be used for changing the action name. Below is the sample code snippet to
demonstrate more –
[ActionName(“TestActionNew”)]

public ActionResult TestAction()

return View();

So in the above code snippet “TestAction” is the original action name and in “ActionName” attribute,
name — “TestActionNew” is given. So the caller of this action method will use the name “TestActionNew”
to call this action.

33) What are Code Blocks in Views?

Unlike code expressions that are evaluated and sent to the response, it is the blocks of code that are
executed. This is useful for declaring variables which we may be required to be used later.

@{

int x = 123;

string y = “aa”;

34) What is the “HelperPage.IsAjax” Property?

The HelperPage.IsAjax property gets a value that indicates whether Ajax is being used during the request
of the Web page.

35) How we can call a JavaScript function on the change of a Dropdown List in MVC?

Create a JavaScript method:

<script type=”text/javascript”>
 function DrpIndexChanged() { }

</script>

Invoke the method:

<%:Html.DropDownListFor(x => x.SelectedProduct, new SelectList(Model.Customers, “Value”, “Text”),

“Please Select a Customer”, new { id = “ddlCustomers”, onchange=” DrpIndexChanged ()” })%>

36) What are Validation Annotations?

Data annotations are attributes which can be found in the “System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations”

namespace. These attributes will be used for server-side validation and client-side validation is also
supported. Four attributes — Required, String Length, Regular Expression and Range are used to cover the
common validation scenarios.

37) Why to use Html.Partial in MVC?

This method is used to render the specified partial view as an HTML string. This method does not depend
on any action methods. We can use this like below –

@Html.Partial(“TestPartialView”)

38) What is Html.RenderPartial?

Result of the method — “RenderPartial” is directly written to the HTML response. This method does not
return anything (void). This method also does not depend on action methods. RenderPartial() method
calls “Write()” internally and we have to make sure that “RenderPartial” method is enclosed in the
bracket. Below is the sample code snippet –@{Html.RenderPartial(“TestPartialView”); }

39) What is RouteConfig.cs in MVC 4?

“RouteConfig.cs” holds the routing configuration for MVC. RouteConfig will be initialized on
Application_Start event registered in Global.asax.

40) What are Scaffold templates in MVC?

Scaffolding in ASP.NET MVC is used to generate the Controllers,Model and Views for create, read, update,
and delete (CRUD) functionality in an application. The scaffolding will be knowing the naming conventions
used for models and controllers and views.

41) Explain the types of Scaffoldings.

Below are the types of scaffoldings –

Empty

Create

Delete

Details

Edit

List

42) Can a view be shared across multiple controllers? If Yes, How we can do that?

Yes, we can share a view across multiple controllers. We can put the view in the “Shared” folder. When
we create a new MVC Project we can see the Layout page will be added in the shared folder, which is
because it is used by multiple child pages.

43) What are the components required to create a route in MVC?

Name — This is the name of the route.

URL Pattern — Placeholders will be given to match the request URL pattern.
Defaults –When loading the application which controller, action to be loaded along with the parameter.

44) Why to use “{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}” in routing in MVC?

Using this default route — {resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}, we can prevent the requests for the web resources
files like — WebResource.axd or ScriptResource.axd from passing to a controller.

45) Can we add constraints to the route? If yes, explain how we can do it?

Yes we can add constraints to route in following ways –

Using Regular Expressions

Using object which implements interface — IRouteConstraint.

46) What are the possible Razor view extensions?

Below are the two types of extensions razor view can have –

.cshtml — In C# programming language this extension will be used.

.vbhtml — In VB programming language this extension will be used.

47) What is PartialView in MVC?

PartialView is similar to UserControls in traditional web forms. For re-usability purpose partial views are
used. Since it’s been shared with multiple views these are kept in shared folder. Partial Views can be
rendered in following ways –
Html.Partial()

Html.RenderPartial()

48) How we can add the CSS in MVC?

Below is the sample code snippet to add css to razor views –

<link rel=”StyleSheet” href=”/@Href(~Content/Site.css”)” type=”text/css”/>

49) Can I add MVC Testcases in Visual Studio Express?

No. We cannot add the test cases in Visual Studio Express edition it can be added only in Professional and
Ultimate versions of Visual Studio.

50) What is the use .Glimpse in MVC?

Glimpse is an open source tool for debugging the routes in MVC. It is the client side debugger. Glimpse
has to be turned on by visiting to local url link -

http://localhost:portname//glimpse.axd

This is a popular and useful tool for debugging which tracks the speed details, url details etc.

51) What are Filters in MVC?

In MVC, many times we would like to perform some action before or after a particular operation. For
achieving this functionality, ASP.NET MVC provides feature to add pre and post action behaviors on
controller's action methods.

Types of Filters:

ASP.NET MVC framework supports the following action filters:

Action Filters: Action filters are used to implement logic that gets executed before and after a controller
action executes.

Authorization Filters: Authorization filters are used to implement authentication and authorization for
controller actions.

Result Filters: Result filters contain logic that is executed before and after a view result is executed. For
example, you might want to modify a view result right before the view is rendered to the browser.
Exception Filters: You can use an exception filter to handle errors raised by either your controller actions
or controller action results. You can also use exception filters to log errors.

8. What are Action Filters in MVC?

Action Filters are additional attributes that can be applied to either a controller section or the entire
controller to modify the way in which action is executed. These attributes are special .NET classes
derived from System.Attribute which can be attached to classes, methods, properties and fields.

ASP.NET MVC provides the following action filters:

Output Cache: This action filter caches the output of a controller action for a specified amount of time.
Handle Error: This action filter handles errors raised when a controller action executes.
Authorize: This action filter enables you to restrict access to a particular user or role.
Now we will see the code example to apply these filters on an example controller
ActionFilterDemoController. (ActionFilterDemoController is just used as an example. You can use these
filters on any of your controllers.)

Output Cache
E.g.: Specifies the return value to be cached for 10 seconds.
publicclassActionFilterDemoController: Controller {

[HttpGet]

OutputCache(Duration = 10)]

publicstringIndex() {

returnDateTime.Now.ToString("T"); }
}

13. What is the difference between Temp data, View, and View Bag?

In ASP.NET MVC there are three ways to pass/store data between the controllers and views.

ViewData

 ViewData is used to pass data from controller to view.

 It is derived from ViewDataDictionary class.
  It is available for the current request only.
 Requires typecasting for complex data type and checks for null values to avoid error.
 If redirection occurs, then its value becomes null.

ViewBag

 ViewBag is also used to pass data from the controller to the respective view.
 ViewBag is a dynamic property that takes advantage of the new dynamic features in C# 4.0
 It is also available for the current request only.
 If redirection occurs, then its value becomes null.
 Doesn’t require typecasting for complex data type.

TempData

 TempData is derived from TempDataDictionary class

 TempData is used to pass data from the current request to the next request
 It keeps the information for the time of an HTTP Request. This means only from one page to
another. It helps to maintain the data when we move from one controller to another controller
or from one action to another action
 It requires typecasting for complex data type and checks for null values to avoid error.
Generally, it is used to store only one time messages like the error messages and validation
messages

16. Explain what is the difference between View and Partial View?

View:
It contains the layout page.
Before any view is rendered, viewstart page is rendered.
View might have markup tags like body, html, head, title, meta etc.
View is not lightweight as compare to Partial View.

Partial View:
It does not contain the layout page.
Partial view does not verify for a viewstart.cshtml.We cannot put common code for a partial view within
the viewStart.cshtml.page.
Partial view is designed specially to render within the view and just because of that it does not consist
any mark up.
We can pass a regular view to the RenderPartial method.

25. What is the use of Keep and Peek in “TempData”?

Once “TempData” is read in the current request it’s not available in the subsequent request. If we want
“TempData” to be read and also available in the subsequent request then after reading we need to call
“Keep” method as shown in the code below.
@TempData["MyData"];

TempData.Keep("MyData");

The more shortcut way of achieving the same is by using “Peek”. This function helps to read as well
advices MVC to maintain “TempData” for the subsequent request.
string str = TempData.Peek("MyData ").ToString();

26. What is Bundling and Minification in MVC?

Bundling and minification are two new techniques introduced to improve request load time. It improves
load time by reducing the number of requests to the server and reducing the size of requested assets
(such as CSS and JavaScript).
Bundling: It lets us combine multiple JavaScript (.js) files or multiple cascading style sheet (.css) files so
that they can be downloaded as a unit, rather than making individual HTTP requests.
Minification: It squeezes out whitespace and performs other types of compression to make the
downloaded files as small as possible. At runtime, the process identifies the user agent, for example IE,
Mozilla, etc. and then removes whatever is specific to Mozilla when the request comes from IE.

31. What is JsonResultType in MVC?

Action methods on controllers return JsonResult (JavaScript Object Notation result) that can be used in
an AJAX application. This class is inherited from the "ActionResult" abstract class. Here Json is provided
one argument which must be serializable. The JSON result object that serializes the specified object to
JSON format.
public JsonResult JsonResultTest() {

return Json("Hello My Friend!");

32. What are the Difference between ViewBag&ViewData?

ViewData is a dictionary of objects that is derived from ViewDataDictionary class and accessible using
strings as keys.
ViewBag is a dynamic property that takes advantage of the new dynamic features in C# 4.0.
ViewData requires typecasting for complex data type and check for null values to avoid error.
ViewBag doesn't require typecasting for complex data type.
Calling of ViewBag is:
ViewBag.Name = "Vikash";

Calling of ViewData is :
ViewData["Name"] = " Vikash ";

36. How can we do exception handling in MVC?

In the controller you can override the “OnException” event and set the “Result” to the view name which
you want to invoke when error occurs. In the below code you can see we have set the “Result” to a view
named as “Error”.
We have also set the exception so that it can be displayed inside the view.

public class HomeController : Controller

{ protected override void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)

Exception ex = filterContext.Exception;

filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;

var model = new HandleErrorInfo(filterContext.Exception, "Controller","Action");

filterContext.Result = new ViewResult();

ViewName = "Error",

ViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(model)

};

}
}

To display the above error in view we can use the below code
@Model.Exception;

38. Explain Dependency Resolution?

Dependency Resolver again has been introduced in MVC3 and it is greatly simplified the use of
dependency injection in your applications. This turn to be easier and useful for decoupling the
application components and making them easier to test and more configurable.

39. Explain Bundle.Config in MVC4?

"BundleConfig.cs" in MVC4 is used to register the bundles by the bundling and minification system.
Many bundles are added by default including jQuery libraries like - jquery.validate, Modernizr, and
default CSS references.