MA112: Calculus II

Semester II, 2018

Solutions to Week 2’s Tutorial Questions

Question 1

(a) Given 0 we need to find 0 such that

3x 15 if 0 x 5
3x 5 if 0 x 5

x 5 if 0 x 5
3

Therefore, .
3

(b) Given 0 we need to find 0 such that

x2 1
2 if 0 x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
2 if 0 x 1
x 1
x 1 2 if 0 x 1
x 1 if 0 x 1

Therefore, .

(c) Given 0 we need to find N 0 such that

1
if x N
x 2
1
x 2 if x N

1
x 2 if x N

1
x 2 if x N

1
Therefore, N 2.

1
(d) Given 0 we need to find N 0 such that

1
if x N
x2
1
x2 if x N

1
x if x N

1
x if x N

1
Therefore, N .

(e) Given 0 we need to find N 0 such that

x
1 if x N
x 1
x x 1
if x N
x 1
1
if x N
x 1
1
if x N
x 1
1
x 1 if x N

1
x 1 if x N

1
x 1 if x N

1
x 1 if x N

1 1
Therefore, N 1 1.

2
(f) Given M 0 we need to find 0 such that

1
2
M if 0 x 1
x 1
1
2
M if 0 x 1
x 1
2 1
x 1 if 0 x 1
M
1
x 1 if 0 x 1
M

1
Therefore, .
M

Question 2

(a) As x 0 , tan x 0 and ln x . So,

1
ln x ln x x sin 2 x 0
lim tan x ln x lim lim lim lim
x 0 x 0 1 x 0 cot x x 0 csc2 x x 0 x 0
tan x
2sin x cos x 2sin 0 cos 0 2 0 1
lim 0
x 0 1 1 1

(b) Case 1: n is positive (the only case where L’ Hopital’s Rule is applicable)

1
ln x 1
Note that lim lim xn lim 0.
x xn x nx 1 x nx n

Case 2: n is negative

1
Let m n and rewrite xn as . So,
xm
ln x ln x
lim lim lim x m ln x .
x xn x 1 x

xm

Case 3: n is zero

ln x ln x ln x
Note that lim lim lim lim ln x .
x xn x x0 x 1 x

3
(c) Note that

tan x x 0 sec2 x 1 0 2sec2 x tan x 0

lim lim lim
x 0 x3 0 x 0 3x 2 0 x 0 6x 0
2
2 4 tan 0
4 2
2sec4 x 4sec 2 x tan 2 x cos 0 cos 0 2 0 1
lim
x 0 6 6 6 3

1 1
(d) lim e x
2x x has the indeterminate form of 1 . Let y ex 2x x such that
x 0

1
1 ln e x 2x
ln y ln e x 2x x ln e x 2x . So,
x x

ex 2
x
ln e 2x 0 ex 2x ex 2 e0 2 1 2
lim ln y lim lim lim 3.
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 1 x 0 ex 2x e 0
2 0 1 0

1
So, ln y 3 as x 0 . Hence, eln y e3 as x 0 . Thus, lim e x 2x x e3 .
x 0

(e) As x , tan x and x 0 . So, the indeterminate form is of type

2 2
0
.

x x ln tan x
Let y tan x 2 such that ln y ln tan x 2 x ln tan x 1
.
2 x 2

So,
2
ln tan x sec2 x x 2 0
tan x
lim ln y lim 1
lim 1
lim
x x x x 2 x sin x cos x 0
2 2 2 2 x 2 2

2 x 2 2 2 2 0 0
lim 2 2
0
x
2
cos x sin 2 x cos 2 sin 2 0 1 1
2

x
So, ln y 0 as x . Hence, eln y e0 as x . Thus, lim tan x 2 e0 1.
2 2 x
2

4
 1 1
0
(f) lim x x has the indeterminate form of . Let y x x
such that
x

1
1
1 ln x ln x 1
ln y ln x x
ln x . So, lim ln y lim lim x lim 0.
x x x x x x 1 x x

1
So, ln y 0 as x . Hence, eln y e0 as x . Thus, lim x x
e0 1.
x

Question 3

Note that as x 0 , the denominator x2 0 . So, for the limit to exist, the
numerator a cos bx 0 as x 0 . So, for x 0, a cos b 0 a cos 0 a 1 0.
Therefore, a 1 . Now,

a cos bx 1 cos bx 0 b sin bx 0

lim lim lim
x 0 x2 x 0 x2 0 x 0 2x 0
b 2 cos bx b 2 cos b 0 b 2 cos 0 b2
lim 4
x 0 2 2 2 2

Thus, b2 8 such that b 8 2 2.

Question 4

Let A denote the area of the circle at time t and r denote its radius at time t .
dA dr dA dr
We need to find given that 5 and r 200 . Now, A r 2 such that 2 r .
dt dt dt dt
dA
Hence, 2 200 5 2000 ft2 / min .
dt r 200

Question 5

Let V denote the volume of the spherical balloon at time t and r denote its radius
dV dr 4 3
at time t . We need to find given that 0.75 and r 5 . Now, V r such
dt dt 3
dV dr dV
that 4 r 2 . Hence, 4 52 0.75 75 inches3 / min .
dt dt dt r 5

5
Question 6

dx dy
We need to find given that 2 and x, y 2,5 . To make implicit
dt dt
differentiation less complicated, we can rewrite y x3 17 as y 2 x3 17 such that
dy dx dx 2 y dy dx 2 5 5
2y 3x 2 . Hence, such that 2 units / s .
dt dt dt 2
3x dt dt x, y 2,5 3 22 3

Question 7

civilian car

z y

police car intersection

x

At time t , x denotes the distance between the police car and the intersection, y
denotes the distance between the civilian car and the intersection, and z denotes
the distance between the two cars.

dz dx dy
We need to find given that 40 , 50 and x, y 0.25,0.5 .
dt dt dt

An application of the Pythagorean Theorem yields z 2 x2 y 2 such that

dz dx dy
2z 2x 2y .
dt dt dt

dz 1 dx dy
Hence, x y .
dt z dt dt

5 5
When x, y 0.25,0.5 , z x2 y2 0.252 0.52 .
16 4

dz 1 140
Hence, 0.25 40 0.5 50 62.61 km / h . Thus, the radar
dt x, y 0.25,0.5 5 5
4
displays 62.61 km / h .

6
Question 8

plane

s
h 10

x
airport

Let x denote the horizontal distance between the plane and the airport at time t .

dh
Note that since the plane flies at a constant altitude, 0.
dt

dx dh ds
We need to find given that 0, 240 and h, x 10, 40 .
dt dt dt

An application of the Pythagorean Theorem yields s 2 x2 h2 s2 x2 102 such that

ds dx
2s 2x .
dt dt

dx s ds
Hence, .
dt x dt

When h, x 10, 40 , s x2 h2 402 102 1700 10 17 .

dx 10 17
Hence, 240 60 17 247.39 miles / h .
dt h, x 10,40 40

The speed of the plane is 60 17 247.39 miles / h .

7
Question 9

lamp post

man
20

shadow

x y

At time t , let x denote the length of the shadow and y denote the horizontal
distance between the man and the lamp post.

dx dy
We need to find given that 5 and y 10 .
dt dt

x x y 3
By similar triangles, such that x y.
6 20 7

dx 3 dy
Hence, .
dt 7 dt

dx 3 15
Thus, 5 ft / s .
dt y 10 7 7

8
Question 10

r
12

At time t , let V denote the volume of the conical reservoir, h denote the depth of
the water, and r denote the radius of the water surface.

dh dV
We need to find given that and h 6.
dt dt

1 2
Now, V r h , so, we need to find a formula for r in terms of h . By similar
3
r 6 1
triangles, such that r h.
h 12 2
2
1 2 1 1 1 dV 1 2 dh
Hence, V r h h h V h3 such that h .
3 3 2 12 dt 4 dt

dh 4 dV
Hence, .
dt h2 dt

dh 4 1
Therefore, ft / s .
dt h 6 62 9