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Chemical Tests

The document discusses various chemical tests that can be used to identify gases, cations, and anions. It also describes tests that can be used to identify water, including a chemical test using copper sulfate which turns blue in the presence of water and a physical test checking the boiling point.

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14 views4 pages

Chemical Tests

The document discusses various chemical tests that can be used to identify gases, cations, and anions. It also describes tests that can be used to identify water, including a chemical test using copper sulfate which turns blue in the presence of water and a physical test checking the boiling point.

Uploaded by

kaunghlyansoe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tests for Gases

• Many reactions in the lab produce gases which then need to be tested
• The table below indicates the tests for the gases you should know:
Flame Tests
• Metal ions produce a colour if heated strongly in a flame
• Ions from different metals produce different colours
• The flame test is thus used to identify metal ions by the colour of the flame they
produce
• Dip the loop of an unreactive metal wire such as nichrome or platinum in
concentrated acid, and then hold it in the blue flame of a Bunsen burner until there is
no colour change
• This cleans the wire loop and avoids contamination
o This is an important step as the test will only work if there is just one type of
ion present
o Two or more ions means the colours will mix, making identification erroneous
• Dip the loop into the solid sample and place it in the edge of the blue Bunsen flame
• Avoid letting the wire get so hot that it glows red otherwise this can be confused with
a flame colour
Tests for Cations
• Metal cations in aqueous solution can be identified by the colour of the precipitate
they form on addition of sodium hydroxide and ammonia
• If only a small amount of NaOH is used then normally the metal hydroxide
precipitates

Analysing results

• The table below contains the results for each of the cations included in the syllabus
• If a precipitate is formed from NaOH then the hydroxide is insoluble in water

Tests for Anions


Tests for Water
• Water can be identified using a chemical test and/or a physical test

Chemical test for water

• Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate turns from white to blue on the addition of water
• The equation is:

CuSO4 (s) + 5H2O (l) → CuSO4.5H2O (s)

Copper sulfate turns a light blue colour in the presence of water

Physical test for water

• A physical test to see if a sample of water is pure is to check its boiling point
• A sample of the liquid is placed in a suitable container such as a boiling tube and
gently heated
• Using a thermometer, you can check if the boiling point is exactly 100 oC
• Any impurities present will usually tend to raise the boiling point and depress the
melting point of pure substance

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