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Circle Theorem Past Paper Questions

This document contains 6 multi-part circle geometry problems and their step-by-step solutions. The problems involve calculating angles formed by lines tangent and chord to a circle, as well as angles at the center and circumference. Reasons are provided at each step relying on properties of tangents, chords, angles in cyclic quadrilaterals and angles at the center being double those at the circumference.

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1K views12 pages

Circle Theorem Past Paper Questions

This document contains 6 multi-part circle geometry problems and their step-by-step solutions. The problems involve calculating angles formed by lines tangent and chord to a circle, as well as angles at the center and circumference. Reasons are provided at each step relying on properties of tangents, chords, angles in cyclic quadrilaterals and angles at the center being double those at the circumference.

Uploaded by

sharmaramdahin6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circle Theorem Past Papers

1. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a circle


with centre, O. EA and EB are tangents to the circle, and
angle AEB = 48°

Calculate, giving reasons for your answer, the size of EACH


of the following angles:
i. ∠𝑂𝐴𝐸
ii. ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵
iii. ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵
iv. ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵
Solution:
(i) ∠𝑂𝐴𝐸 is the angle between the tangent EA and radius OA,
hence, it is 90°.

(ii) Quadrilateral AOBE contains 4 angles that add up to 360°.


∠𝑂𝐴𝐸 = ∠𝑂𝐵𝐸 = 90° (𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛)
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 360° − (90° + 90° + 48°) = 360° − 228° = 132°

(iii) ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 is the angle at the centre of the circle that arc AB
subtends, and it is twice the size of the angle that subtends to
the circumference, which is ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵.
1
∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 = (132°) = 66°
2

(iv) Opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral ACBD are


supplementary. Hence, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 + ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 180°
∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 180° − 66° = 114°
2. In the diagram below, not drawn to scale, W, X, Y and Z
are points on the circumference of a circle, centre O.
TYV is a tangent to the circle at Y, ∠𝑋𝑊𝑍 = 64° and
∠𝑍𝑌𝑉 = 23°

Calculate, giving reasons for your answer, the measure of


angles
I. XYZ
II. YXZ
III. OXZ
Solution:

(i) Opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral WXYZ are


supplementary.
∠𝑋𝑌𝑍 = 180° − ∠𝑋𝑊𝑍 = 180° − 64° = 116°

(ii) The angle made by chord YZ and the tangent YV at


point Y is equal to the angle in the alternate segment,
which is ∠𝑌𝑋𝑍 = 23°

(iii) ∠𝑋𝑂𝑍 subtended at the centre of the circle from arc XZ is


twice the size of the angle subtended at the circumference.
Hence, ∠𝑋𝑂𝑍 = 2(∠𝑋𝑊𝑍) = 2(64°) = 128°
Triangle XOZ is isosceles, hence the two base angles will
be equal, all 3 angles within a triangle add up to 180°.
180° − 128°
∠𝑂𝑋𝑍 = = 26°
2
3. The diagram below not drawn to scale, shows a circle,
centre O. EH and EF are tangents to the circle. FOG and
JOH are straight lines.
The measure of ∠𝐹𝐸𝐻 = 44°

Calculate, giving reasons for your answer, the measure of


I. ∠𝐸𝐻𝐹
II. ∠𝐹𝐺𝐻
III. ∠ 𝐽𝐻𝐸
IV. ∠ 𝐽𝐺𝐻
Solution:

(i) Tangents EH and EF are equal, hence triangle EHF is an


isosceles triangle, so the base angles will be equal.
180° − 44°
∠𝐸𝐻𝐹 = = 68°
2

(ii) The angle between chord FH and tangent EF at point F


(∠𝐸𝐹𝐻) is equal to the angle in the alternate segment.
Hence, ∠𝐸𝐹𝐻 = ∠𝐹𝐺𝐻 = 68°

(iii) ∠𝐽𝐻𝐸 is the angle between the tangent EH and diameter


JH, hence ∠𝐽𝐻𝐸 = 90°.

(iv) ∠𝐽𝐺𝐻 is the angle at the circumference subtended by


diameter JH, hence ∠𝐽𝐺𝐻 = 90°
4. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a circle with
centre O. The vertices H, J, K and L of a quadrilateral lie on
the circumference of the circle and PKM is a tangent to the
circle at K. The measure of ∠𝐻𝐽𝐿 = 20° and ∠𝐽𝐾𝐻 = 50°.

Calculate, giving reasons for each step of your answer, the


measure of
i. ∠𝐻𝐾𝐿
ii. ∠𝐽𝑂𝐾
iii. ∠𝐽𝐻𝐾
Solution:

(i) ∠𝐻𝐾𝐿 = ∠𝐻𝐽𝐿 because the angles at the circumference


subtended by the chord HL are equal
∠𝐻𝐾𝐿 = 20°

(ii) Triangle JOK is isosceles, so the base angles are equal.


∠𝐽𝑂𝐾 = 180° − (50° + 50°) = 80°

(iii) ∠𝐽𝐾𝑃 = 90° − 50° = 40°


(Tangent PK makes a 90° with diameter HK)
∠𝐽𝐾𝑃 is the angle between chord JK and tangent PK and
equal to the angle in the alternate segment (∠𝐽𝐻𝐾).
∠𝐽𝐾𝐻 = 40°
5. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a circle with
centre O. The points A, B, C and D are on the circumference
of the circle EAF and EDG are tangents to the circle at A and D
respectively. ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = 114° 𝐶𝐷𝐺 = 18°

Calculate, giving reasons for EACH step of your answer, the


measure of

i. ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷
ii. ∠𝐴𝐸𝐷
iii. ∠𝑂𝐴𝐶
iv. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶
Solution:

(i) ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 is the angle at the centre subtended by arc AD is twice


the size of the angle subtended at the circumference.
1 1
∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 = ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = (114°) = 57°
2 2

(ii) Triangle AOD is isosceles, so base angles will be equal.


180° − 114°
∠𝑂𝐷𝐴 = = 33°
2

∠𝐸𝐷𝐴 = 90° − 33° = 57°


From point E, tangents EA and ED are equal and make 90°
with radii. Hence, triangle AED is isosceles.
∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 = 180° − (57° + 57°) = 66°

(iii) The angle between chord CD and tangent GD (∠𝐶𝐷𝐺), which


is 18°, is equal to the angle in the alternate segment, ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷.
∠𝑂𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝑂𝐴𝐷 − ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 33° − 18° = 15°

(iv) ∠𝐶𝐷𝐴 = ∠𝐶𝐷𝑂 + ∠𝑂𝐷𝐴 = (90° − 18°) + 33° = 105°


Opposite angles in cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 180° − ∠𝐶𝐷𝐴 = 180° − 105° = 75°
6. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a circle. The
points P, Q, R, T and V are on the circumference. QRS is a straight
line. ∠𝑃𝑉𝑅 = 75° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝑇𝑅𝑆 = 60°

Determine the value of EACH of the following angles. Show


detailed working where necessary and give a reason to support
your answer.
I. ∠𝑃𝑇𝑅
II. ∠𝑇𝑃𝑄
III. 𝑂𝑏𝑡𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 ∠𝑃𝑂𝑅, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑂 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒
Solution:

(i) ∠𝑃𝑇𝑅 = ∠𝑃𝑉𝑅 = 75°


Reason: both angles are subtended by arc PR at the
circumference and are, therefore, equal.

(ii) The exterior angle ∠𝑇𝑅𝑆 is equal to the opposite interior


angle of cyclic quadrilateral PQRT.
Hence, ∠𝑇𝑃𝑄 = ∠𝑇𝑅𝑆 = 60°

(iii) ∠𝑃𝑂𝑅 subtended by arc PR at the centre is equal to twice


the angle subtended at the circumference.
∠𝑃𝑂𝑅 = 2(∠𝑃𝑉𝑅) = 2(75°) = 150°

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