ONE. on = a0 Zi fesmeosrs 46d 046% ASOmm-= 207 mm>x, (OK) ar, | on | [REEEEREN Detainee atte womant of resistanoo of reclanguar beam of wiih | 250 mmarth S50 mm elective dopth wich is casted wih MSO grad of concrete and reinforced wth ‘umber of 25m date bar ol FeO sta! rade Solution: rea of steel: . bE cdf de 25 = 1069 5m? Aga dk ax Lining depth of rol ay) ft F260 sts! = 0.53 = 0.59 x 580 » 291.5 me‘Aetul dopt naar ws: REE A i ot sie 9505 BD va avin w sto Tocangulr section Tse] 100 x 200 mm which Is symmetric about te vertical axis of beam section andthe contre of duct ata {jatanee of 175 mm rom the top ofthe beam section, Compute the moment of resistance ofthe falancadeecion andthis th area soe aque, Assume M20 concrete and Fe 41Sstee, Assume affective cover i 60 mm, 087l Ay _ 087 x250% 10605 “O96.” 036x50%350 12.980 gg (© 291.5 mm) Thus, soo tess timate moment of resistance of beam: ‘Shee, the sections underteinoced, th uate momento resistance of the beanie given by My 0874, Ag(d-0425) = 087 (250) (19695) (5500.42 112.36) en 14.90 48m = 218 FBEIIIKER Doterrine ta iver arm anc moment of resistance of the bear eacton a | shown, Use M 20 concrete and Fe 250 stoo 87 fs corel. Solation: Solution: Gren b= 275mm Aa = Ax t6! 280426 me i Given, MZD0concrele = fy = 20NIna? 3 fe toni? Effective cover = 35mm Featsstoel tT wan Etectve dpc) = 425-95 « 390m | | | ' 8 Unies eee t= 0534 | aa = 053(800)=20700mm gt | fo "2 Eanepcees! = corm ee Wine + ectve depth} = S00 mm 50 en = 480 em | = fy = O8T, Distance of top edge of dt om tog of beam = CK = 75mm Fromstatealeculeum c-1 Lining dot frei iy) = 0484-048 (480) = 21885 rm = 0.38 fbx, = 087 f Ay 3 0.7(250)a04 25 (215.55) men «32:38mm “ose(eojers 87.85 me < Xap 3 Dept of rectangular porionctcomprassive sous» $y ivi the ato above te balanced extra aes ito parts with potion ABFE > Pant porten ks + Pati wd orion CCHG > Part i Pat and are each of width 125 nn an sre unde he uence of complete compressive sees | DBockovera depth of (= 218557), Parlisof with 100 nen which isunder heinuence of comeressie sires bok ora dpi of = 75 mm This pt I swith he rectangular sess block because f= 75 mm | Thus assumption of, <1, gs creck. = Stoel vil yea tet, ty = 087 hls corect, Levoram(z) = d-042:, = 290-0.42(67.86) 35845 mm F Momentolesstance = 087(250)(804 25)(35.45)Nnm «61.5344 Utimeto moment oresistnce corespandingiobalanced section Mie = 0188 fg bc! lorfe250) 0.18(20)275 (90)? t2aatktimseragktim + Thus the giyon boam secton under inlorced 195.905 +6754 19399 = T , = To 456 491 ‘Abalancod tag, y= 087 T= 087 fA = 45549 10° 1261 57 me? Momentof resistance atbalanced stage (MOR) (6,4 G)d-0425 49) (4-752) 0005 x 105450042 + 216.55}4675 x 1050-97 5) = 167314bNes ~ Clio faerie arc 00x Bn TT ASTER | vit: (2) 3-16 meg (b) 6-25 mms (8-25 mm Calouate area of sto! requted for ting section also. Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 too. Assume etfectve covers 0 mn. Limiting dein of A Sumy = 0886 (lorFets) = 0463600 = 296mm Actual depth of NA T 08%, Ay (assume vader enorced seten so that = 0875) = 0gr4i5 6052 jy = SOT mo < yg 288 en ‘Thus assumption of undereiniercedsedtionsconect, Momentolresitanoe My = 096th jet-0424) | (0.36 30x 400 x 041 (600-0.4250.41) = 12605104 = Unlactored mamentveringmoment = 12028 «a4 03 un Fromtenson side My = O8THAfd-042%) . = 087 415 x 6082 (600-042*5041) = 126068 —109— isceeany, = 2% .24o41n 15 caso (6) 6.25 mm 4 bars Given Ag = OxGxQ5 = 206.24 mt Limiting depinofNA = 0.483 = om = 048(650-£0) Actual depth of WA 28 mn cet Otis, = O87 Ay (eink cn) ocentonany © onreetx20624 To patos (288mm) Soweto uc kre cin Norte My = omg (t-t4es) 1 espe son 65 60-042 2481) 1 sent Untctrodmanaivatinnonen S280 ascoHtn octets erie My = 087-042 = sebop ten oarealon 5240-01242 sane i \Ulactredmoment = 25206 sim (Case () 8-25 mm @ bars ven: rea of eon! = @etx25t <9 men? Limiting dept of NB yum = OAB= 048 00 = 288 ren ‘Actual ph of NA ty = 038i, be, =037 Ay Bg = 828M eg (= 288 07) Thus soction ie overlord and 20.87%, Soin, eS IM = 0:64 (S042 yy) 0363305400 2850.4 x 288) = 596 kN ternative M, = 01384, bo? = 508 kN (ore 418)Uniactred ty ‘ree of see for tinting section: Mare Aewm = TBR (G-OR Re bx . ~ DBRT - aE = 59 ‘Aternatively Pan = ao(e |) a1e{ fp }O%) 148% ae ‘sent Aram = “etn 600 4686 4.5 Requirements of Flexural Design 1 (Concrete Covert Reinforcement Concrete covers provided proc the renorcing bas rom ‘caesion fe and also praides sufclentbond between ste andconcrete toproventsipping out f enforcing bars rom concrete. Clear covers defined asthe distance cf exposed suraco of concrete to he nearest sutace of eniotcng steel. CI, 28.4.1 of 15456: 2000 dines nominal ‘cover as “The design depth of conerete cover tol steel reinforcement, Inclucing links.” 18459: 2000 pects the davatonin concote coer rom O mento +10. Thotsaranca On! Indicates nat roreductenin he prescribed nominal cover allowed, “Table 4.4: Nomina corer requremensbasedonepourcondtons Se ere eS ees tan See | Soe a toes pee ae Le | | es mer | os cr — 7 ron of Code |e, 468: 1978 spectied clea cover requirements based onthe NOTE 'ypeot stucturaleements (ike 1 mmin slabs, 25 me inboars, 2mm neous e),bsk 4K inte atest version ie. 1 458: 200, clear cover éenitemanis renew made apical Iypee of srutualelomens, Cl. 2642.1 oS 456: 2000 species certain minimum clear ‘cover requitment fr columns (general 40.mn) and Cl 26 4.2.2 ol IS 486: 2000 epoctios a cetan iri clear cover requiement for esings {general $0 mn) Apart the sbove state clear cover ‘equicements, Cl. 26.43 of IS 456: 2000 specie clas coer requtemsris based on fe resistance (expressed In texms of hours). For 1 nour the ‘occurrence, nminal cover o 201en for beams and a0 mor columshas been specie cove. Largercove is requied the member has 0 be spectionly designed or tre resisnce. Spacing of Reinforcing Bars: ininun spacing a atl renfrcingbars ae specifi in order to ensure tha the ‘concrete cane easly pleced and compacted during easing. Maximum limit on spacing of paral erring ‘ars ae spect fr cantoieg the cracks mconsreet.e, cack wits In beams, where the wah of the member (Le. bea) is fitd, often isthe minimum spacing requirement tat dias the selection of bar ameter When af the retorcng bars cannot be lnccommacatedin oe yer conforming tote requirements ol mirimanspacng ofrenforcing bars Grd he cle coves then eer woh to nereasethe wid thebeam of place basin more tran helayerorbundthe group of irlalbars, Thi problem doesncteccurinslabs where the with felabielrge enough accomnodats the bas and az tha perentagaolvecioreemetinslebs islaw as compared beams in goer 0, 26.3 of 18486; 2000 species he requremerts of placement of enfrcing bar in conctle trambers{ie, beam abs) whiehie aiained in Fig. 48. (ey Boul ince eam ig. A (436.2000 1eqaemensterploementtreerngbrs ese hd cc | | ccccae soanatinme | | een : : a cmanaes | A meatier, Sr nmaeee (ong intra eaeeoneinay Fig 49 Placement olanocngbasinbeamandslob For aghon area of tension enforcement tis benefit use large numberof smal lamater ‘ars (cstributd uniformly in one or rove layers) rather than smal rumber of large areter bbe te have ecient cont on eae. In ease of sab, Cl. 26.5.2.2 and Cl. 26.3.3 of 456: 2000 lets te masa dame a reforcing bars © 178 of the otal sab thickness weh maximum spacing ofthese bars ing lite to 3 or 300mm {whicheveisess In vory deep structural mornbers (ke doop boas, a corsidrble poion ofthe web is under ‘wosion Wier cracks may deve inthe righer regions of web, Ago, in region large exposed Uunrinorced concrete suraces, cracks appear mace frequently due o shnkage (Because of temperature vations). Cl. 28.51.31 456: 2000 stats rts faco reinorcementhasio bo Provided on th wo faces of he beam it eral dopth of bea excised 780 mim (or 480 mn for bheame subjcted to tesion) such hat “The tta ara of wo rinforcemente NOT bse han 0.1% of web ares and shale drbuted equally onthe two feces ta spacing not exceecing 800 mmm or web thickness, whichever is el.” Maximum and Minimum Areas of Reinforcement: minum ara of enson seats equlen' ‘exural members (ike bea) nord to ret he loc of oad and aso convo cracking ‘concrete dueto sirkage and temperature varios. Minimum loxual stee ranforcamentin boas: C28 §.1.1of 8488: 2000 specs minimum 06 of tension rifxcing 02 orFe 250 = 0.205% Feats = 117% forFesce Fo flanged boars, replace'b by whol he wed by’ Minimum flexural seo einforcement in labs: Miiaan seal equrements i sib are aces tions and net on strength consideration because in jon of ons eftcs unlike Beams, where minum ste! requrement is baseaon stengh cesidestion Cl. 285.2 of IS 456: 2000 its inure reforcementequiomentin lain he eh cecion span up 10mas: Agnn = OASKoI FOES AeA forFe250 012% goss ea forFeats whore, goss rea (A, bx OF one way slab alo, ths imum are ot eneroement aso De provides nthe tansveae drecton ae second ocsbutr rinercement The spacing of ‘letibuten bars shal NOT exceed or 450 mm, whichever ass ‘Maximum flexural soo reinforcement in beams: Excessive reirforcementieadsto congestion of bars which advesoyaects the placement and conpacon of coneets. Cl. 26.5.1 of 1S 456: 2000 isthe maximum area o tet onorcementin HSE (Ag) 8 COMPrOSSION (Aye) to 4% of gots area 2, OO4BD. 4. Control Defection: Exessive dalton wabs or boansisnot dosable as tlsadstocscontort to the occupants and also advert alec the toring and tnises, Cross sectona ies ol he ‘leuraleemens (gariouly depth othe secon) govans the crt of Gsietion contro Ris ‘he rato of spanidepth thal neds ob conrad in ord to con the detection, Cl 23.28 of 1.456: 2000 its is parvaepth aa o 260 fal deackon duetoal ypes ctioads(nchcing tne og term eet of eeep and shrinkage). 4.6 Deflection Control by Limiting the Span/Depth Ratio Lata unform rectangular simply supported beam ol size bx Cand made up ones laste materia issvbjeced toa untomiy debuted oad perunitengt over teenie span. The central dection(8)in {he beams gen by owt A °° 384° ET % Aomaximsnmidapaneanenl, May = 9 5 w= Be (aig: “ subsisting 0. (0 ending = 22, nearest ee! . 7 > OnStah . 50 L ne. cs Stay arg (5) i. etn nt mene contol fr any typeol loading and support contin. Theabove eau does nt apply teinforced ‘oncreliassuch because rertorced coerees avon hornogensous and compost materi HOWever 1 1s 458: 2000 adopts thie concept and prescribes imiing vaues ol 7 ras. (CL 28.2.1 of 18456; 2000 prescribe its fring UD rats for prismatic rectangés Bears ok foL. = Ws hare is etlectve depthforcantlover spans for imply suppeted spans for continuous spane For spans above 10, ho Uap vlves maybe mules by [Okan (n), ofa) {aroma -° mnenscasatcasonn (3) tesndiehonmtoe os «va RE] salon es thy = Sit ‘The above equation canbe rearranged as: (ih) fis) saie =° Solaion ofthe sbove quadtaic equation gives, A t z M, Bef Aswawe) . fal fase rere, Aa Ma, 7 al bd ) sf ee Frage (hs derived ection 4.4.8) From the above expression, wo can drecly compute the percentage of steel required and hencs the arse of ste! requledto resist the factored moment M, Alternatively, we can use Design Ald SP: 16¥heren : uy liter charts ae given or citerent vals off and Me ing the Number of Bars Requiredin Beams ‘Cnce we NaVe Ayan tbe of Darsrequted of particular cia (say i eleulted as: Aerie ie . Neotbars = “he computed number f bars must be rounded up o the nearest whole oamber Computing the Spacing of Bars Requiredin Slabs Incase of slab (where bs taken as 1000 nm} instead of computing the numberof bars required. we compute re spacing of bars requlred (8) partis ia (cay @ hich is ven as 10004, Spacingolbusotdag = que4.9. Reinforcement Arrangement in Different Types of Beams ‘The figs give blow depict he arangsment placement ol enorcng bar in vaous pes of ‘beams commonly encountered day o day, omerbr tor appara “urs aN a AN | Sienast Teen ete i Fig.10 shaprenreeeconguertnam ndronterbonsng mementos iin) sateen hg ] “ts oa os ——— Fig 4:2 rredrecangatr bom nrg bong ramentonte ppt ot ‘Sietban incon A) f 1 t "| Sina ‘na aN Beano Fig-411 Dstyooeatctangatbea nde pontebendngmanentnes min minis y ZtN Det (oh —}— : | se er FA 2 nating ndrozetebenngmonestor erp ita — enema EF Lemar ote) Fi. 18 Dobyrfd Faure potter memati se two) 4 Sin ne a te i 420 Sing rend a ne at ang en i ase one ba me reo iin SER, ace —f—. exw {fh Sef am a a i 2% ttre aa nde eee bg metDo vp Why sh advantageous to use bean AGSP: IGP seo Desir Ads tke SP-16 hips a daciner nthe folowng ways 1. The numerous sets of valuns of with (dash (and renocng steel (4, orp lesion prams aro obtained very quick, ‘2. The values gon in SP: 16 aready tak into Account he vues of ste! rerorcement ‘where tis not admissible, ' }0 Comparison between WSM and LSM of Design Table 5stverust Morden concrete | Stess actor Character Suse | Shessfoctr_ Chomcerto Sree fy ‘Alot shes "G87," | sfsaty *" Aloosie stress °° | ofaety Forms, 159-3 | | Foros 258.5 = 294 Forno, 2070 = 30 Log ata of eaey == 15 Leads | Loader of ste = 1.0 “ll FOS = Sess FOS = Loos FOS 30810830 “tl FOS = Svess FOS «Load FOS 22123 (EEEEIRER —Dosion ecinouar beam of aecve span 439 wibced waive oad | 125 kNin use M 25 concrete and Fe 415 atel i Solution: | Effectne span() = 43m=4300 mm For prehminaryproparicning of beam secton, ake 1 | 4200 Oe f= ram Adopt overeat D = Sc0mm Solthatefectve depth, 6 500-35 = 455 mm(Assumirig 35 mm efocve soe b= som i Loads i Soll weightotbeem = 03x08%25+3.75iain LUveloed = 125% Fecerodlndin) = 153 128-2437 0m rrcowamaony) « E wavars A | 4) = 564m Calculation of depth required \Utimate moment of resistance for balanced section or Fe 415 = 0.138 bo? = S684 10 = 0.128125 COON - 6 = 2331nm D = 25331435 (Assuring 35 mmettoctve cover) 268.91 mn = 200m (ey) evi eats sectn eto 250 mm 300 am Sellweightotbeam = 025 %03 x25: Uveload = 125%8in TWtaload = 14.375: 754m rasa = em resweinoreny = 266! sin oe 10 « Osh 2 choad oe @2 saan 240.38 +35, 275.36mnm <0 mm (assumed D) (00) 800-85 265mm ] Thus adopt bsam size as 250% 300 Reinforcpment requirement = My . stu P= 090% Ltn percentage ctensit reinforcement . fx 5am (28. a= aofit])-aof Zou = 1208% > p(=085%) (on 9286, = Ag = 92252505266 = 61579 mm? 1 = 9228 280085 No.ot209barsroqured = £1872 «1.95 ~ 3 (sy) i Fay ‘As per IS 456, minimum two rnb of bars is tobe prov ded so provide 3-204 barsMim eroament 1 Aann = 08592 LZ : | ZAI swore a) oasnasoxtes a ra ee «167m 1 Letsromn (19 Semon “An Beam of a0 360 x TOD rm overall opin designed fran effect span 6 m and is eubjected to alive load of 20 kN, Design the boam using LSM. Use MO concrete and Fo500 ste Solution: Giver: With beam (6) = 980mm veal deptnottnebeam(0) = TOdmm Span(l) = 6m ‘Assuring sn efactve cover of 60 rn, Efecve depth ofthe beam (o) = 700-80. ‘Loads and bendiag moment Uveked = Sel weight ofthe eam = Tetaload zoxum (0.98 «07 x 25hNin = 6.5 16in ead oad + Lve lad = Solweight fhe beam + Lie oad {855 + 20kNim = 26.65 0m 115% 2665 44m = 3875 kNin Fectowdtoad (x) Fectradbending mement(M) = Lining depth of reutal axis = 46a = 046. 6500mm = 22000 (ForFosoostea) ‘Actual depth of neutral axis Compresiontxce. = Tensionforce 036%yr, = O87 FA, M, es b= O87 FAQ(E- 042s) My * 038 (2025549) = 9365303 380%200(650-042 250) =648540%n | ‘Aternativay Mig © 0133 4 bE texFosco = e108 (ich invorcloe 164.5 tn) 1M, < My anda werequre ander erced sacton Cateuation otto M, é M, =" 067 g(a 042%) W7980x108 = 036x¢30x, x 00680-0425) 408220 = 6504,-0.4223 y= 707mm | ‘rca of enson sts! eed | “ | = 666.7 mnt | Aternativoly | | * | 68.16 (same as above) (BEER Cesian a RCC Hea or an aTotve span oT B'S maubjeced ave oad oT 4 sie, Weve te beam 40 mn Ve 20 concrete an Fe 50 steal Design by both LSM ar | VSM and compare te routs | Solution: ByLsM Lat overall depth ofthe boars 850 nm | ‘Assuring an feo cover of 50mm | vwlead = 45 ein Salhweightolthe beam = 0185 «0.4 x 25KNin = 8.8 kN | Toialload = 45-485 KN = 535KNin | Factoredioasly,) = 18%535kNin = 8025 Nin 2 2 \ iE. SO2<8F hem = 724,76180m Design of beam a8 balanced section | 7 | | Factoredbencing nomere(it). = yy Ob? 038 1-042 8 (0.36 30x 0.48(1-042 046) orFe 50, k= 0.46) 208 724763 108 = Oba? 2476x108 = 008 x 400% a2 672361 Where Aternatvely | Mog = 099 fgbd? = 1724765 10 = 0.15490,400) 0% de 61387 rm orFes00) | |Provide D= 725 mm.d=675mm self ght of te boa = 0.725104 25 = 7.25 kin Teialloas = 4544725, Fectoredloas Factored bending mement(n = TBS7SX85 ro; pan ‘Area of stool required = 2948 405 mn? 948485 Using 25,nen a bats, no-ofbarsraquied = AE jhare Fast a by wsMt Tetaload = 6225kNm s2.25%8s @ ‘eraing moment (My) im = 471.884 Beam depth required im a la i on bok me __ 9x10 imoei ~ Su0+275 ane 26 = Seroxoat6x09%8 «118 eareie 13400 1022+ 5mm = 1072) = 100mm 100 50 men = 1050 49 81 25 Kin = 11408 1021 76 1022 me Sel wolghtotthe beam “ison St aS bson sencngmonanty = ME = 2285. 505751 iene, . [EPI emotes > 1080. (etO%) Assume B= i110mm (d= 1110-50 m= 1060 ren Sollwolght ofthe beam = 1.19 x 04 x 25 = 11.10 ln Totalload = 11.1645 kin = 58.1 Nn roa of too required . sre = 1898 me? Comparison of resus Wa = me A ag (= 25 en “Rameniba Ts oh CS, acon arn i sa an aT WMS eel Sones oo {bbe ager than that omg ot rom WM FPEIERERE Ocisrrno the pormsaie valu of sonics iad that can be impoeed Lear of fective span 7m, The beam siz f 200 mmx 80 mm wih an etetve cove of 0 mm. Use | conor and Fe 50 renorced tenis. 1.25 concrete and Fa 600 steel The beam is wth 4-209 bare — Cora tnt bam | fee tt oestent | | a 5 Brecnetst-noen “F ee Se acai Tas ose ; Assumptions tue and fy = 087 4/8 conset i LUnimat momento resistance ote beam (MOF) = O87 |, Ayld-042s,) oe 7so0} 156. 64800 0.42201 39)=227 09¢H04n eer few or | siez7 04) | . np = SCP srerrieratein | servers = OMORHL IT a4 0, | | 1 15 Seliweightotbeam = 03% 055 x 25#Nim = 4125 Nin‘Maximum servi imecced ion that he beam i able otk Wi = (QAT18-4.125)kNIm = 20.503 umn = 204Nn ‘Besign a simply supporied rectangular beam whose conve to centre letance between the supports is 7 m and is supported on 230 mm thick walls. Assume live load ‘TkNim langth of beam, Use M25 conorete and FA stool. Solution: ‘Stop: 1 Unkrown Parameter: b,d{and hus D), Ay ‘Step: 2 Effective Span: As por Cl 222 (a) ofS 456; 2000, loco span is taken a () Clear span+ fecive doh Di ceecocomeasmesonwanteto spate }reweros 230 290 ‘ea span 280 280 - er70mm pan = 7000-22-22 «70 Now Cl 2021 ofS: 486-2000 gives bac aio of span to lective depth wich i 20 fr simply ‘supported beam or beam upto 10m span, | i J | | | | | a fom + Pacion . tem - a » etaito ens aeeoes | cherie 0) cedemnceoean ape ay | ven ee ea = es | ‘Step: 3 Assume percentage of stee! reinforcement for calculation of actual affective depth | rere ap oo . | - ‘fo. \( 4am) - 41.6{ 22 pas = 1.205% im = 0{(8) 299) -s10{Zpaenrzes | = Maxirumperoentagecttensonstcelrcinicxcement | ‘Neo, 28 perl 265. 1. (a) of S456: 2000, minimum percentage of seat rfxcemerti given by Aue _ O85 ua Py = 08%

1101. 79mn# wi make the secton vereinoroad ‘Shear Check (js covered in mere detain ater chapters) Jered SFaifoed ond (Vp = 1515+ 175 x27]=78.2795N in v,-Metang Norn hearsvoes oe 450-200 tan = “Drag =.59 reson staat) Sai = 1115 Nie a 11029 % as par abe 19 ofS 456 (r) 5 LE LTSNien?) So, shear retorcaments required fora design shear stesso 1118-065 = 0465 Nien? dete? = 10059 mm# ShearstranginotM 25 concrete lor py Using 2tegaed straps,tay « OE7bAn , O87(ars) 1059 Spacing of shear strups se « OEE caeanmct $ 0786(=078 x 407 mn = 206.25 en) Soom xt spacing of sew sirups < ncheveristess pacing mis) < [ame ) Provide legged stirups @ 280le ‘aa. = 2408, _ 04(225)250 ‘nnn * “Cari, 8) c22mm< 10 Sm? on Development Length (1s covered in more detain chapters) | | | / | | o87h ‘ | ~ et i fe ae | sus fee Lee 422i j osr(ts)z0 i ty + ER est storm en re mt | | TT ame Tg IL 4 * ilo« re | | teem ax J 2 L ncesinat) ¥ . ‘atari We moran of ensanaa of beam of 6 S00 x B00 im (ora opin? Its reinforced with 804 sq, mm compression reinforcement and 2060 sa.mm tension | ‘eintorcoment.Teke fective cover as 60 mm. Use M20 concrete and Fo 415 sec. | Solution: MOR of over rinircement section Efscvecover = 50mm {= 20Ninn 420 cones) {y= A1SNin (Fo 45 stoo) Einctve dept (6) = 600-50 = $£0:mmn ~ yyy = OTB = 0.479 «560 = 26845 Lot 0.962 iteration iteration Let as, 0874, Ay 0.87 41532080 10:962(20)500 4243 > ue i, + 087, p= SEAS pat mn Ps . sone «. «00 251817 Neon? IyAeg __ 9518172060, = 32(29}900 =s88675m 3183075 wen ee 8.5078 = 445598 Ninn? uA __245:598%2060 Taen(,b ~ o962(20}800 772mm 3182075492772 _s99.01075 men 024505 258720 3 362(20)500 ag 01075+905572 224,209 mm342.90882000 | % * “oo(aa}so0 $24.99 mm (converged Tus 5 Same \ Moment ctrsistance (MOR) = 0362 bx(d-0.425) | = 0362(20)300(325) (550-0 42. 925) 201 89104 ‘Alternatively HOR =. fyAglo- 0824) | = 460000850 -0 42% 925) | | 2a18088im . 4.11 Slabs as Rectangular Beams ‘Slabs voor nial fexure behave ina sare way shat ofbeams slat of constant ickness wich 's subjected tos bencing moment unforiycitibuted overs env wish ean be tested as wide shallow ‘beam. In such typeof slabs he reinorcing bars are placed union over wich of the ead, As stated above, computations are gorerally done by censoring im (=1000 mn) wd spo the slab, Ths pacing of bats is gen by Here, 4 isthe area of cne enforcing bar ang Ais the aes of ene eifoccement rage for wide stip. RetsSrced concrete sabe are generally singly wiferod, 4.12 Transverse Moments in One Way Slabs Inthe bending of anormal Beam under the iniuence of gravy loads like dead and ive loads, asthe bean bends about he nal as, th top partion comes undo: corrgresion and baton petion vide tension Inthetop potion under compression, due lo Pissr's ey eter expansonetongation ake place. Sirity ‘ve to Poisson's eect, lateral contraction alto takes place nthe bot ensie prion o the bea. Thus he ‘cross secon ofthe beam acquires trapezoidal shape rater han arectanguly shape, Howovar inthe caso of cne way slab, such aera splacemants ar variably prevented due othe ‘remaining pat ol he ab on ether side of he 1000 rn wie sr ae beam considered except a the te extreme edges. The remaining part o the slab retains the wansverse ceplacament othe 100 mm sip by inducing aterl stresses, This is clad plan stan condton These estan induce secondary moments the la inthe wansverse dltcton Thus one way slab equies seconday tansvers enforcement inthe ransverse dct to resist these secondary moments. Stinkage and temperature also induce secondary monensin slab when obs resisted by secondary vansvere teinorcemet. | | ta (6) Conse Fat tet y (4 Rectangular nang (0 ole tet Fi. 42 ronvremaensnte nyse (RERUN A sry sap rst cab a caer sizaTm Sim sbjocteaioa ve oad ot | Use M25 conereta and ed tal, The la rest on 299m ik (one bik wal) masonry wound Solution: , = 252 Cnewaysla doe v 350 mn 200 150, Assuming clr cover 15 na dnd i, chain ikoroetnent 20 me, Letetocive dept a slab Ovecadepinct sab (O) = 150+ 15+22= 175m ~ 190rM609) | |. | |Bective span (i) = Loads Aesuming 1m sip af sab ‘Self weight of sab vetoed ‘Assume miscatsngovs tad “etalead Fectored oad.) Factredmament(M,) oinforcoment requirement in slab sing 20 mm cameterbars, spacing Using 12mm damote bas, spaclng = Using 10mm diameter bare, pacing Maxirumbarspacig Provide 109 bars © 230 mm le. Dictrbuton renforcoment Distribution reifocement 0.12% Using top mars, spacing Maximum ba spacing a = 019%25=475Km ie = ikNim 247544 + 140m = 9,75 10m = 15%976iNin= taezsitum WB EOS ase? estoy My _ yest 108 ‘ba ~ ioo03165 oe of j= aes oma = 9.192 100 1000x520? = Sate = Sire» 30 6725 10005165 = 317.498 mim NatOK) 00012 arte = 62nm> S00 mm (wex0¥ 1000. 308 om o = 287 Amen 200 (o« Saag" 2A 200 in (00) [3d = 2165 = ease 200mm tichoverissraly 0.2. = 24210005190 226mm 09 000% 10" = pst some 50 = 83165 = 825mm) * la aa ichoverisiess) = 450 mm Prowide 109 bars @ 300 mn (Check for dtletion Aaung = 2°78 1000x210? Aapoua * nd = 8 af arra93 : = 058382488 445 22870 Ne fy = 088% 3arage “419 | p = itis -ozrs roa kate (om 8g 4915.45: 2000) L (1) (20) = 36 where i= 4 son) 801-9 ene _ Og Bn on | | rovaznce mers Io | Sri toggznce | ome wes” Lwogsoce | ee ea) [REMMERE Onsen cone nay ab as chown ae boow MCN Rated PT oxo of SkNn?. Use M20 and Fe 416, Take dead load of firish as 0.5 kNIn*. Width of Beams at support i300 mm, | | Solution: Step 1! Preliminary dopth of tab uk anf wf The slab i simply suppevted on edges I and IV anc 5 ‘continuous on edges I and | ' 20026 | ‘ spanisepineais = 2222 ee a a Average of simply supported ant conteuous imaingsparvdepth vel. 2 (61.23.21 oft 466: 2000) (Fig, 4 of 8-456: 2000) | Now orp, = 05% are f, = 240 NinEfectie daph required tem deflection enteron = d = 1268 mm Bex1d Lstatfactvecover = 25mm + Overall dopth of ab, ° a = 126.8 + 25= 151 8mm’ 155:mm(say) 155-25= 190mm Tt ‘Step 2: Design loads, bending moment and shear force Diofalab permeter with = 0785 x25 98754Nm Lot occ rssh given a8 05 kN? = 0.5 kN por meter with of sia Tai OL = 9875+05=4375kNim UL = Skin? = 5k per meter wit of sla. ‘talons = 4:375.45=9.575)Nin Factoredioad = 1.8 9375= 14058 sosounpriia i» (80682 44h Maximumshesrforee(V,) = (14.06)8.5(04)=10.7KN ‘Step 3: Determining he etfective daptn required FexFoats, Mage, = 0.188 fo? = . tr2.10F = 0.135(20) (1000) = = T89mMe 130MM (= Goma (on) ‘Stop 4: Check fr slab depth wt. shear Decign shear strength of 420 conereto fer ,S0.15%.4, = 0.2BNhaIF Cale 190 56: 2000) k= 129 (spor OL 40.2.1 of 18 456:2000) ix, = 429(028)=026Ninm? Temes 2Deonctte) = 2 BN? (Fable 2008 458; 2000) Tus we ‘Depth adoptedis OK and no shea reinforcements required 18h? ‘Step §:_ Flexural rinfoccement requirement Negatvereinforcement Mo = 17248 fre 72KIO ig WP x13? B.A |, fee ‘00 = Ba” Tai = 09% wa Ay = sre : tooo Eto? ‘Using 10mm @ bars, ‘spacing = s /=201.4mm = 200 mm cic (say) Poids 10¢bas@200cl6 Mg, = ate ano! = eA ose fA (,, f AEROBE 505 fe > wo" Ba) a | , pe = 025% Ay = sent Ea! Using 10mm bas, spacing = OOO «241.7 mate = 240mm cle (say) = prove 19s @200ce Devt name @012% leglong sean oz = 932 .1000%10 « 16 nm un) = 01D SA 1000% 120 = 156:mm#im ‘so, minimum rerfrcement Ling 8mm bare for dstibuon reinforcement, 0x (7 Specra s ze Maximum pacing fo man bare» 8. SO nn ic ee ass + 8x 1300°300em > $9001900mmm = s00mm Maximum spacing of csibuon ars » dor 450m wich even eos 5(130)0r450 es00r480 50mm 200m (on D155 sesrsmm > 2238 ws9s05 . 10m (ox (ran bare) > emm (0K (itoutonbats) 1 820.2mm ole = 280 mm af (289) Maximum mainboard.Provide a9 bars @ 280 clas tribution reinforcement tor@anee BREN — sino stop anna stan orane Tem x.Om ea wBjeRTTORTWE | ‘of € KNn. Por rising i 60mm tek of cement concrete footing, Te sla supported over 200mm ick masony wal support, Design he slab sig LSM. Use M 20 concrete and Fe S0 ste Solution: Effective span: fective depth as yer deflection creron span a 2600, = $620 50 ren 2 ‘Assuring etectve cover c 30.m, (Overall dep ofthe slab (0) = 180mm + 3O:mm « 210 Efectvespansongs, 1, = dea spany d=36+0.18m wtichover i ‘clear span + cle ditance between the supports ° =378m Letvhonesem Jpn =378m Eflectue span along, y 1, = dear spans d= 90+ 0.1810 eves “ooetiarsevcamtamonte sos |i 1am 0+03m=93m |vicreeris es 18m 4 918 17 are "2427? itis a one way slab Lead Calculation vetoed = ehtlin® (Given) LUvelosd formset msiab area = 8x 131 N= BIN 1 Deadtoad Sellweigh ofthe laa = 021.1% 125 KN 25k ‘Dead loadoftloorfrshing = 006% 1x 1 24HN= 148K Tetalosd W = 846250 140iN = EDR 14098Nin Factredaad 2155 14694MIn= 2208 KIN ‘Design Bending Moment wl _ 2208x3788 reer Wall Z208xS.7E ayn = 93.96 KN Factoedbondingm w= te * ‘Slab doptn required 0 = 096 /,M1-0424) 0.9¢x 20 x046(1 042 x0.40)=267 (k= 048 for Fe S00) mae - = 121atam © = Yas * Yer xt000 * "7 ut depth requireatam deletion it ran 180 ‘Adopt tecve dep of #80 me, Ti i AT (Overall deptnolthe slab (D) = 180+ 90mm |e = 210mm Hi Ale Area tol equies i e+ ath a oad 5288210 «6:28.35 me? Tar st 085 Aorntively, ares oft can be calculated as, Sal. f SRE = S4.04mnm? Using 10m da. bars, spacing of barsrequied 1004, a 14436 mmole= 140mm le i 1 249 180 m= 5400) yoann (on 123Ninné Check for development length (covered in more dealin later chapters) (00 [Qi oviedvetin teasers 2. nen heneutaanedeptn(x,)cta beameacion 6 Tho imum neinal cover to reinorcement lomerettantelinting depth (ej, thensiress recomended far very severe climatic condton Intension set rertercert: 28 pot $ 456, 2000's f) > 087, © <087, (@) 30mm © =087 (9 os, (45mm (©) 751mm (6) Som 07 The minimum diameter of hanger bars 2 Temtngpecinagectinionsincament 07 The minimum dlametet of henge ina beam made up of M35 concrete and ‘laces vine ee en 8 bom ec se a to sors By tase 8 A aan fw 50 rn nd te deh Soorrmol N25 concrete subjected a factored (25 ninvrtod Fbeam subjectedto graviyioading —~fenualmementaf 100 kN. The depth of neural wi act: ss ofthe bean is: (@) Toeam (p) Rectangular beam (@) 79mm (0) 25550 (©) Lbeam (6) Dataineutcient (©) 240mm (@ fmm 04 The momant of resistance of a beam with —Qg The tniting ID rato forthe end beam of @ ‘minimum amount of tension reinforcement oninsoue span whose one end is simply (gq proximately eae as uppoted and eter carinucus (a) "Cracking torquectthe beam @7 Oe (0). Cescxing momentotthe beam on oo (6) Mduluso! upto! concrete gi nenaerinseo {2.10 an vdereoreed boom, the moment of realsiane of he beam can be computed fom: (a) Tetsion side formula (©) Compression side formas (@) Batntersion and compression side formula (6) Neneot(a) ort) {5 The mnenum grade of concrete recomenonded fer emrerectinae condtonas pers 456: 2000 = 9 m0 (o) Mo o mes (onrweo0.1 Acontvus Beam of span mis consixod ‘as deep bean: (@) Bean dopth < 1200mm (©) Beam depth < 1600:rm (@)_ Beam depth > 120mm (@) Boamdopih > 1360.mm 12 Thokmitonspanto depth aol spectiod nS 456 2000 because (2) ltenaures the ito tensile crack wth (©) ensures safety gah shesr fare (©) iints te maximum datlecton ot beam (6) lint ne maxerum iene stress in soa (0.19 Thedepin ef rectangu portonof stress block of conezstain compressions © Ox wes (0.14 The size of he test specimen to determine the modulus of uptireo concretois (9) 180mm» 160mm 700mm (©) 100mm 100mm x 700mm (9. 180mm 160mm x 160mm (8) 0Omms 100mm x 100mm 2.16 wirinceasoin eras ooacing curing esting, compressive sronghofeoncrete (@) decease (©) increase (6) may increase of decease depending on concrete grado (6) datainsufcert 0.16 noxder to ensure drat smarconions of exposure, water cement rato in rifored ‘concrete 88 Compared toplsin concrete (a) loss () mare © ecu! (@ catainsutsert (0.47 Consider te folowing statements: (0 Campressnestengtholcencrtedocroasos wth increase nwt ofthe concrete (@ Waters needed concrete orhyeration ot cement ancwerkabity (i) Creep and shrikage of concrete are Independental wl tao of concreto ofthe above statement, tus statement) se @ Ox — & Manag © Ward —( (Hana) 0.18 Maximum sain inexreme fvectcocrete and In tenson od of Fe 41S grado (E, = 2 108 Nim in @ balance section in int state of nurs arorespectvey (@) 00005 ando.0n85 (b) 00005 ando.0085 (©) o00zando.oos2 (@)o0nzanao.eose (2.19 The mati of lat of MoO concrete 2s per IS 46: 1978 and IS 456: 2000 respectively (@ s1220Nnee, 27226 Nin? (©) 27286 Ninn, 91220Nimm= (6) 27986? 27206 Nine (6) None ofthese (0.20 The main etorcement in sab consists of 10mm diameter bars at 100 mm ci spacing. Wher 10 ma bas are replaced by 12 mm amoterbars then spacing would be (@)175 em ‘@) 60mm © 150m (@) Omm 2.21 ARC beam i subjected to flowing Fonual ‘DL moment = 0 ktm LLmament= 40m Sele mement = 20 Nm The design lloxural moment fer mit stata ot collapse is (9 105K) s08Ktim (© 135iam = (@) SoHE (0.22 Thoessurption at ‘plane sections eran plane olor and ate the bending” lacs to (@)_unfrm svess over the beam section (©) uno svanove se beam secten (6) erly varying sess overs bean secon (6) leary varying in overthebeamsecon (029 The base pnciple of sructraldesgnis bases ()_stongcolrm weskbeam concept {@)_ song ooting woak colar concept ‘Wien the above statements) are tue? {@ (only ©) enty {@) Ber (and) —(@ Netmer MnO) 124 ARC beam is of effective span 8500 mm The permissible dafiection in beam incuding the tHtectotal ads along wth omperaize, cep ane shrinkage ic (a s7imm 22mm (e2750m @ tem 0.25 The direct tensile strength of concrete is etemined om {@) modus last of concrete (0) moduluecfrupeuecteoncrete (6) croopcosticient ofconcrete (0) sheekage costicentetcencrets £0.26 By contating he span to dept ato ots bea, thafotowing can becontoled (a). shear stessinbeam (2) fomural ess in boa (©) detection at beam (a) Alot be above ‘anewere 1) 266) 9 @) 40) 81) 8. (7.6) 86) % (0) 10(8) 41. (@) 12, (©) 13. (@) 14. (@) 18.00) 46. (@) 17. (@) 18. (&) 19. (@) 20.00) 25. (@) 22. (6) 23. (6) 24. (b) 26.18) 1 8. 20, at P Ty, 2x-[s2001- ft-aso8 4 veg ( ae OFM, 0.86 f 4 (0-042 4) 0) Twit be average of 20 and 26 ie. simply supported and cortinuous spans. © For continous deep beams, L/D < 2.5 anc or simply suppevted beams, this aio should be <2 © co} cor STON S486: 1879) Soon; (8498:A000) o ° 15 OL + LL) = 15400 40) 1.5(DL + EOL) = 15490. 20) 120L + LL EOL}= 12680 + 4020108404at ‘Ans. [Moment oresitanes o2 as [ARC rectangular beam sono brick wide 220 mam de) anc overall 400 mm deop. is rerercod win 40s. of 12m, areola 15 ‘at an afacve cover of 31 mem The beam is ‘inp supported vera spanof3.5m. Calcio ‘he moment oeisance of the boar anc the ‘maxirurn superimposed unter disioutes load hat thebeamcan cary UseM 20 concrete Sm, Maximum ‘Superimposed load = 21 NI Find the aroun’ of tension sea required in a reinforced concrete beam cf sign 290 mm x 300 mm toresistanuimste moreno 0m, ‘Assume fective coveras 40mm are uss 420 ‘concrete and Fe 500 see ‘A. [Ay = 886 mt Determine tho ulate mement eapacty of & rectangule beam oli 2501rn x 50 menue as os ‘So mm efectve cover The oa area often too provided i 2600 me, Use M20 conctea snd Feats ted ANB. [Mog 110%} ‘A 60mebickene way rerforoed concrete sla ‘rointxced wih 10mm da bare provided! a! 200 mm ce. Assuming 25 mm effective cower etermine heute moment of essence of ‘hosocton, Use Mad concrete and Fed te) AN8. [Min 16.6 KN] ‘rvnforced concrete beam of i S00 ren B00 mm sprvided wih a cuctof siz 280 ram x '580 mm loetea conceive wth he bear “The conoid of tension steal i¢ aa astance ot commtram he botem face of beam. Ostermine tnotalonaed momertofresstancefte secon nl amountcftertorcemantmqured Use 20, ‘concrete and 41Sste ‘Ans. (My $53 KN, Ay» 24782)