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Patterns and Number in Nature and Math Language

The document discusses various mathematical patterns found in nature such as fractals and chaos. It provides examples of numerical patterns like the Fibonacci sequence, Lucas sequence, and triangular number sequence. It also discusses mathematical language and logic.

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Fevee Joy Balberona
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53 views28 pages

Patterns and Number in Nature and Math Language

The document discusses various mathematical patterns found in nature such as fractals and chaos. It provides examples of numerical patterns like the Fibonacci sequence, Lucas sequence, and triangular number sequence. It also discusses mathematical language and logic.

Uploaded by

Fevee Joy Balberona
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Patterns and

Numbers in
Nature
Mathematics and Nature
Human mind and culture have developed a formal system of
thought for recognizing, classifying, and exploiting patterns. We
call it Mathematics. By using mathematics to organize and
systematize our ideas about patterns, we have discovered a great
secret: nature’s patterns are not just there to be admired, but
they are vital clues to the rules that govern natural process.
Only within the last thirty years has humanity become
explicitly aware of the two types of patterns, now known
as fractals and chaos.

The simplest mathematical objects are numbers, and the


simplest of nature’s patterns are numerical.
Fractals - are geometric shapes that repeat their structure on ever-finer scales.
Chaos - is a kind of apparent randomness whose origins are entirely deterministic.
The Fibonacci sequence is a sequence in which each
number is the sum of the two preceding ones.

Where the first


two Fibonacci
nos. are:
𝐹0 = 0
and 𝐹1 = 1
Binet’s formula is an explicit formula used to find the
𝑛th term of a Fibonacci sequence.

𝜑𝑛 − 1 − 𝜑 𝑛
𝐹𝑛 =
5
Where:
𝑛 = 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝜑 = 1.618039 …
𝐹𝑛 = 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐹𝑖𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
Examples:
1) In the Fibonacci’s sequence, what is the 8th number in
the sequence?

2) Find the 16th number, the 21st and 32nd number in the
Fibonacci sequence?
The Lucas’ sequence has the same recursive relationship as
the Fibonacci sequence, where each term is the sum of the
two previous terms, but with different starting values.

Where the first


two Lucas nos.
are: 𝐿0 = 2
and 𝐿1 = 1
The formula to get the 𝑛𝑡ℎ term/value in the Lucas’
sequence is,
𝑛
𝐿𝑛 = 𝜑
Where:
𝑛 = 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝜑 = 1.618039 …
𝐿𝑛 = 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝑢𝑐𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
Examples:
1. What is the 8𝑡ℎ Lucas number? 𝐿8 = (1.61804)8 =?

2. Find the 15𝑡ℎ Lucas number?


The Triangular number sequence is generated from a pattern of
dots which form a triangle.
The formula to get the number of dots in the triangle of the
nth term in the Triangular sequence is,

𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
𝑋𝑛 =
2
Where:
𝑛 = 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑋𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
Examples:
1) What is the 5th triangular number?

2) What is the 60th triangular number?


A Difference Table is another method that can be
used to determine the 𝑛𝑡ℎ term of a sequence. It
present the differences between successive terms of
the sequence.
Example 1:

Example 2:
Math Language
The language of Mathematics is the system
used by mathematicians to communicate
mathematical ideas among themselves.
Subject comparison
English Mathematics
Noun Numbers
Example: Juan Dela Cruz Example: -3, 15, or 42
Verb Operations or Signs
Example: Run Example: =, >, <

Pronouns Variables
Example: He or She Example: 𝑥 or 𝑦
Declarative sentence Mathematical sentence
Example: MAAP is a maritime Example: 3 + 5 = 8
school.
What is an open sentence?

The statement 2 + 𝑥 = 5 may be true or false depending


on the value of 𝑥.

If 𝑥 = 1, then 2 + 1 = 5 is false. If 𝑥 = 3, then 2 +


3 = 5 is true.
Mathematical expression is a finite group of algebraic terms and mathematical symbols
combined with no equal or inequality sign. In algebra and in other branches of
mathematics, letters are used to represent numbers with unknown or unassigned values.

Statement Mathematical Expressions

12
12 divided by a number m
𝑚
Product of 20 and a number x 20( 𝑥)
A number x decreased by 28 𝑥 − 28

Difference of a number y and 23 𝑦 − 23


Example:
Classify the following as: English noun or Mathematical expression, English
sentence or a mathematical sentence, if there is a verb encircle the verb.

Items Answer
1. Cat

2. 2

3. 1 + 2 = 4

4. The word cat begins with letter “k”.

5. 𝑡 + 3
Example:
Tell whether the sentence is TRUE or FALSE.
Items Answer
1. 1 + 2 = 4

2. Orange is a fruit.

3. 𝑥 + 0 = 𝑥

4. The word cat begins with letter “k”.

5. 𝑡 + 3 = 3 + 𝑡
In the English subject, Connectives are words that connect and relate
sentences and paragraphs. Some examples are and, also, besides, further,
next, afterward, finally, later, then, from, above, etc.

In Mathematical terms of logical form, statements are built from simpler


statements using Logical Connectives. A proposition is a declarative
sentence which can be represented in Logical Mathematics statements as
"𝒑" or "𝒒".
The basic connectives of sentential logic are the following:

Logical Connectives Symbol Meaning


Negation ~ or ¬ Not
Conjunction ˄ And
Disjunction ˅ Or
Conditional → If−then (implication)
Biconditional ↔ If and only if (double
implication)

Quantifiers ∀ For all

∃ There exists
Example: Represent the following statements using logical connectives.
Statements Answer
1. 𝑃 𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑄

2. 𝐼𝑓 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑄

3. 𝑃 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 (𝑄 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅)

4. 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑄

5. 𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑓 𝑃, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑄

6. 𝐼𝑓 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑅 𝑜𝑟 𝑆
Other words or phrases may occur in statements. Here's a list of some of
them and how they are translated.
Example: Translate the following statements into logical notation, using the following
symbols.
S = "The sauce is hot."
L = "The lasagna is cold."
P = "The pizza will be delivered."
Statements Answer (Logical Notation)
1. The sauce is hot and the pizza will not be delivered.

2. If the lasagna is cold, then the pizza will be delivered.

3. Either the lasagna is cold or the pizza won’t be delivered.

4. The lasagna isn’t cold if and only if the sauce isn’t hot.

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