Situation 1(Defects, OFE Known) Situation 2 (Defects, OFE unknown)

850.000000 467
Defects Defects
Sample 1000.000000 Sample 3000
OFE 10.000000 OFE unknown
TOFE 10000.000000 DPU 0.156
DPO 0.085000 DPMO 144156
DPMO 85000.000000 Zlt 1.06
Zlt 1.372204 Zst 2.56
Zst 2.872204

Product 10.000000
Sample 300.000000
Defects 134.000000
DPMO

Sample 1000.000000
Defectives 45.000000
 Situation 3 (Defectives)

242
Defectives 38
Sample 5000 48
Yield 95.16% 42
DPMO 48400 51
Zlt 1.66 69
Zst 3.16 58
22
8
59
44
#DIV/0! 43.9 43.9
#DIV/0! 18.0459 18.0459
 DPMO & Sigma Level Calculator
1 If DPMO is known
DPMO: 3.4 DPMO: 3.4 Sigma Level (LT) 4.50
2 If DPU is known
DPU: DPMO: 0.0 Sigma Level (LT) +inf
3 If Yield is known
Yield: DPMO: 1000000 Sigma Level (LT) -inf
4 Continuous process (normally distributed)
Mean: 22 DPMO: 181405.4 Sigma Level (LT) 0.91
Standard Dev: 2
LSL: 18 SD SQRT(VAR) 0.5
USL: 24
SD 0
* It is assumed that you are entering long-term data, short-term values are computed assuming a 1.5 Sigma Shift

Zlt 0 Zst 1.5 DPMO 500000

Defect % 0.0050% Zlt 3.89 Zst 5.39

or
Sigma Level (ST) 6.00

Sigma Level (ST) +inf

Sigma Level (ST) -inf

Sigma Level (ST) 2.41

CTQs 10
Samples 100
d assuming a 1.5 Sigma Shift Defects 23
Total Opp 1000
DPO 0.023
DPMO 23000
 Cp,Cpk Calculator Remember
USL 0.08 100.5 Cp=Specification Width/Process Width
LSL 99.5 Cpk= min(Cpu, Cpl)
Mean 0.0319 100.31
swithin 0.004787 0.05 USL 100
Cp 2.78532136 LSL 60
Cpk 2.22129378 AVERAGE 90
SD 3

Capable? NO
Cpk <1.67 Cp<1.67
remedy Move the mean closeReduce Variation
 Product Gems Chocoloate - 5 Rs Pack
DPMO DEFINE DEFECTS
DEFECTS PER MILLION OPPORTUNITY
DEFECT? Any form of Non-conformance

DEFECT OPPORTUNITY? 5

DEFECT PER OPPORTUNITY?

DEFECTS PER MILLION OPPORTUNITY?

Characteristics Requirement Customers
Count equal to 10
Crack No crack
Shape Round/circular/no sharp corners
Color Faded / Mixed colors
Taste Okay/Not okay

Defect Opportunities 5

Packet No Quality Inspector Count

1 Jagadish 10 0
2 Jayakumar 25 15
3 Kiran 10 0
4 Sandeep 10 0
5 Girish 10 0
6 Karamdoss 24 4
7 Purushothaman 10 0
8 Amit 10 0
9 109
10
11
11
12 109
13
14
15

Units Inspecteed 109

Defects repotred 70
Opportunity / gem 5
Total opp0rtunities opportunity per gems & total gems 545
DPO defects / total opportunies 0.128440367
DPMO DPO*10^6 128440.367
 DPHU DPTU
DEFECT OPPORTUNITIES ACTUAL DEFECTS? CTQ
CUSTOMER SEGMENT KIDS< 10 AGE
DPMO 65714

CTQs under consideration Real CTQs?

Customer Segment 4 to 12 age group

Count No Wrong
Color Issues No Wrong
Crack Issues No Wrong
Shape No Wrong
Taste Yes Correct
GEMS

<10 age

Color Crack Shape Taste Total

2 1 2 0 5
2 1 2 0 20
2 3 1 0 6
1 5 1 0 7
1 1 2 0 4
2 9 2 0 17
2 0 4 0 6
0 4 1 0 5

70

70 STATISTICS

3.4 dpmo
Y X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Sugar Level Food Physical Activity Lifestyle Age Gene Sleep

Output Variable Input Variable Input Variable2 Input Variable3 Input Variable4 Input Variable5

Measure? Measure? Measure? Measure? Measure? Measure?

How? How? How? How? How? How?
FBS Calories Hrs of PA (Walking) Years

Controllable Uncontrollable Uncontrollable Uncontrollable

Covariate Covariate Covariate

Noise Noise Noise

Effect? Effect? Effect?
Significant? Make it a constant
Choose a narrowed range so that the effect is minim

Continuous Continuous Discrete Discrete

Error

Y Ax1 bX2 cX3 dX4

a,b,c,d,e

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

DESIGN THE EXPERIENMT

CONDUCTR THE EXPERIMENT
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

X1 X2 X3 X4
1000 5000 Good Sound
1500 7500 Moderate Moderate
2000 10000 Poor Poor
3 Levels

3 3 3 3 81 2
X1 X2 X3 X4
Trial-1 -1 1 0 1
Trial-2 0 -1 1 0
Trial-3 1 0 -1 -1
Trial-4 -1 1 0 1 Y
Trial-5 0 -1 1 0
Trial-6 1 0 -1 -1
Trial-7 -1 1 0 1
Trial-8 0 -1 1 0 X
Trial-9 1 0 -1 -1 1
Trial-10 2
Trial-11 3
Trial-12
Trial-13
Trial-14
Trial-15
Trial-16
Trial-17
Trial-18
Trial-19
Trial-20
Trial-21
Trial-22
Trial-23
Trial-24
Trial-25
Trial-26
Trial-27
Trial-28
Trial-29
Trial-30
Trial-31
Trial-32
Trial-33
Trial-34
Trial-35
Trial-36
Trial-37
Trial-38
Trial-39
Trial-40
Trial-41
Trial-42
Trial-43
Trial-44
Trial-45
Trial-46
Trial-47
Trial-48
Trial-49
Trial-50
Trial-51
Trial-52
Trial-53
Trial-54
Trial-55
Trial-56
Trial-57
Trial-58
Trial-59
Trial-60
Trial-61
Trial-62
Trial-63
Trial-64
Trial-65
Trial-66
Trial-67
Trial-68
Trial-69
Trial-70
Trial-71
Trial-72
Trial-73
Trial-74
Trial-75
Trial-76
Trial-77
Trial-78
Trial-79
Trial-80
Trial-81
 X7
Stress Levelsd MULTICOLINEARITY
WEEKEN YOUR REGRESSION COEFFICIENT

CHOOSE ON;LY ONE

so that the effect is minimal

162 FBS X1X2

Y #REF!
R^2 = 9% R^2 = 90% R^2 = 100%
fitting well

2X Y 2X*X 2X*X 2 20 + 2 X2

20 200 180

Y
2
4 2
6 2
 Defect Count Cost
defective button 217 1.35
Loose thread 67 0.89
Misaligned fabric 18 5.12
Fabric stains 23 4.89
Stitching defects 112 1.89
Hemming defects 43 4.23
coloring errors 12 2.67

ReducingProject
the rejection
Title rate from 10% to 5% due to button misalignments issues in the shirts section of Sigma Garments WITHIN 120 D

Rejection rate 10%

Production rate 1000 shirts / shift

COPQ 100 * 15 1500 USD

COPQ / DAY 4500 USD
COPQ PER MONTH 112500
COPQ PER YEAR 1350000 USD

Financial benefit 675000

Non- financial benefit
1. Reputation
2. Overall branding
3. On-time delivery
4. Employee morale
5. New Customers

BUINSESS CASE Z
PROBLEM STATEMENT Y CTQ/CTB
GOAL STATEMENT Y SMART
SCOPE STATEMENT IN Defective buttons
Shirts section
Button mislignment issue
Manila factory

OUT Other than manila location

Other defects
other sections

TIMELINE KICK-OFF DATE

DEFINE
MEASURE
ANALYZE
 IMPROVE
CONTROL
CELEBRATE

TEAM MEMBERS SPONSOR

CHAMPION
LEADER
MEMBER-1
MEMBER-2
MEMBER-3
MEMBER-4
MEMBER-5
PROCESS OWNER
SME

PROCESS THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS FAILURE

PROCESSES STITCHING
CUTTING
IRONING
PACKING
SHIPPING
PURCHASE
INSPECTION
TAGGING

STITCHING OF BUTTONS
STEP-1 PICKS THE RIGHT BUTTON
STEP-2 PLACED WITH PROPER ALIGNMENT
STEP-3 STITCHED
STEP-4
STEP-5 FINAL KNOT
 Count*Cost Defect_1 Count_1 Defect_2 Count_2
292.95 Pants 9 misalignment 135
59.63 Shirts 146 damage 4
92.16 Chudidhar 21 stitch 7
112.47 Kurti 19
211.68 Frock 10
181.89 Overcoat 12
32.04

Sigma Garments WITHIN 120 DAYS 450

108000000
PROFITABILABILTY MAXIMIZATION
Profit
ABILITY TO MORE PROFITS

REJECTION RATE DESCRIBE WELL DURATIONINTENSITY WHERE

SPECIFIC MEASURABLE ACHIEVABLE RELEVANT TIME BOUNDED
Defective buttons
Shirts section make the boundaries visible
Button mislignment issue
Manila factory

Other than manila location

Other defects
other sections

2-May-23
APRROVED PROJECT CHARTER 22-May-23
BASELINE 15-Jun-23
VALIDATED ROOT CAUSE 15-Jul-23
SOLUTION READY TO IMPLEMENT 15-Aug-23
CONTROL PLAN TO SUSTAIN THE BENEFITS 30-Aug-23
OUTING WITH DINNER 5-Sep-23
WHO
Name Age(X) X - Averagedeviation^2
Kaviraja M 26 -15.17 230.03
Bhuvan 43 1.83 3.36
Jayabharath 41 -0.17 0.03
Balaji 50 8.83 78.03
Sujit 41 -0.17 0.03
Sivakumar 46 4.83 23.36

Variance Std. deviation

Average 41.16667 0.00 334.83 66.96667 8.183316 10X10 100 sft
81 9 10ft 100 sq.ft
9 3

Salary(X)
47
86
126
127
51
STATISTICS 119 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Average 41.16667
SD 8.183316

Population Men in the age group of 26 - 50 in India 35 crores

Parameters Average Salary per m Full audit is difficult / im[possible

Sampling
Sections Frequency
Name as they want to be on the card 1
Nationality 1
Date of Birth 241
No. of dependents 2
Pan number 12
ID card number 11
Present address 1
Present address Type 24
Landmark near residence 59
Email address 2
Landline number 146
Tenure of Stay at Present Address 1
Preferred contact time 4
Mailing address: Residence/ Office 14
Work related details 169
Income details 179
Spouse details 69
References contact details 84
Other Bank CC details 169
Existing relationship with the bank 14
Account details of the bank 2
Staying Informed 102
Registration-free services 112
Comments by DC application proc

year is missing

Voter Id, Passport etc

owned /rented /Company provided/Govt. Quarters/Parental/PG accommodation/Hostel/

Will fill the address but will never fill Landmark near residence

Designation, No. of years in current employment, Total no. of years in employmen

Annual Income……………., other income…………..and source of other Income

Card number, Credit Limit, Expiry date

banking, homeloan, SME, Demat, auto loan, investment services, personal loan
account number, No. of years account held for, Bank name, branch and Nature of a
Customers forget to sign
Customers forget to sign
Criteria Criteria-1 Criteria-2 Criteria-3 Criteria-4
Cost of Education Quality of Education Safety Infrastructure

Weightage 6 9 6 6
College Name
College-1 10 7 8 8
College-2 8 9 7 7
College-3 8 10 8
College-4 8 10 7
College-5 5 10 7
College-6 8 7 7
College-7 8 10 7
College-8 8 10 7
College-9 8 10 7
College-10
Criteria-5 Criteria-6 Criteria-7 Criteria-8
Accreditations Placement Accommodation Transportation

6 9 3 3Weighted Score

7 9 7 9 390
8 8 6 8 375
8 8 7.8108108 7.689189 475.87837837838
8 8 7.8108108 7.689189 419.37837837838
8 8 7.8108108 7.689189 444.13239590942
8 8 7.8108108 7.689189 431.13239590942
8 9 7.8108108 7.689189 445.13239590942
8 8 7.8108108 7.689189 431.13239590942
9 8 7.8108108 7.689189 477.13239590942

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
 sumproduct

Weightage

30 Finance KPI-1 KPI-2 KPI-3

Net Profit ROI CoPQ

40 Customer Retain Attract New Correct dissatisfied

CSAT Score NPS Customer Complaints

20 Process Cp Cpk COPQ

10 Learning & Growth Training programs New Learnings

Test time
90.770597731
92.68516899
81.550460654
76.010409123
93.22829531
87.491869318
83.286228023
81.602008697
75.367723594
96.322790789
79.41700628
94.108346983
101.29802568
80.678915149
86.390642791
82.98570069
91.498737419
72.036670689
95.971069453
107.16530774
72.223772482
84.872306811
84.657137943
76.627067958
83.920582316
80.610925378
82.046502429
81.427366822
88.71370397
91.294089132
93.099719621
79.655912207
59.343994017
94.015496204
83.075688075
85.610762486
89.123710774
57.972704915
81.785647723
76.828103399
82.646244628
94.389039418
66.528580909
78.00445601
87.144523791
91.079017508
100.39647499
84.838304522
88.262879379
86.73119147
82.562173614
73.672447237
86.055123832
90.867353012
76.69255876
89.55398436
84.470865234
89.273650648
84.599115196
97.941730703
78.983633719
82.001082001
87.169182175
81.607553982
70.424178518
77.331701353
86.557020567
94.412529962
87.239199151
93.655237461
75.941849604
78.467182323
89.315608617
96.726731595
85.546920653
81.918106102
84.608879211
75.096031367
78.314741297
81.343156615
76.886873595
78.550700818
77.143190532
82.900001741
88.35815255
93.267458165
80.647914738
69.028564808
87.437914653
75.782426876
80.733043573
87.953116429
75.351598375
86.037801257
93.319800162
83.730022156
83.182050864
72.725107545
71.130925575
93.396397643
Diameter
224.95472446
226.17548219
225.97292761
227.0038227
227.84650778
227.56599122
224.91854776
227.51920146
226.29715029
223.87386474
226.60903704
227.06071639
226.45383186
227.15195552
225.20767914
228.719381
226.49309058
227.09314863
226.62195719
223.25267024
226.29339328
226.34091743
221.53442478
226.92642493
225.99452963
227.66958835
227.29664831
227.68710827
226.30933313
226.225826
225.33028641
229.06296646
229.82055473
226.30774063
225.0516947
225.15282166
223.8453806
223.75082352
225.77056736
225.56577606
225.45985714
223.88479374
227.5037419
226.03703739
229.23104452
227.09787065
228.92137138
228.66024179
226.04407788
223.90667616
225.65837625
228.90687285
225.59890424
224.90815168
226.7134017
228.53191875
224.03837985
225.14850485
225.91649162
225.19200733
227.99131723
226.75990578
228.58729216
228.5710324
226.3094503
227.82177279
226.42249172
227.6009736
226.189627
228.76203278
229.57276926
225.98531305
225.10055949
223.37864724
226.28979982
224.88999955
228.57783171
226.21663141
224.65349111
226.97471424
228.24310842
224.41156761
225.1920749
227.77996424
226.50320655
226.3982439
225.89220694
224.47066493
226.16282317
229.61849769
224.69055897
223.80062699
224.37898991
226.84847618
225.4999936
229.01744472
225.95890575
227.17258761
227.35256541
224.33536968
Laboratory 1 Laboratory 2 Laboratory 3 Laboratory 4
185.35 165.53 176.7 166.13 Null Ho TAT are equal
170.49 185.91 198.45 160.79 Alt H1 TAT are enequal
192.77 194.92 201.23 185.18 TAT of atleast one of the
177.33 183 199.61 176.42
193.41 169.57 204.63 152.6 NULL 1 REJECT
179.45 197 181.51 161.12 NULL 0 ACCEPT
191.37 166.36 214.21 154.02
166.81 169.6 183.43 163.25 NULL 0 EXPT
158.81 175.36 191.6 152.79
165.88 198.68 208.43 161.98 NULL 1 EXPT
174.75 189.12 231 171.22
193.37 140.55 198.37 183.67
184.75 160.44 226.62 142.95 EXPT DATA STATISTICS
178.54 167.03 214.44 152.37
180.19 182.67 159.69 163.81
172.17 155.73 214.14 156.06
172 183.07 212.29 176.44
184.92 177.7 209.25 173.68
187.38 191.62 198.54 161.49
194.17 186.85 229.02 175.05
192.03 161.09 214.71 150.22
193.77 173.01 172.27 148.17
178.24 199.43 205.31 166.21
171.41 185.67 180.35 145.4
178.3 182.69 214.58 166.42
176.13 180.45 231.76 132.21
180.67 182.37 215.78 143.26
177.38 189.99 201.78 154.06
190.36 167.55 191.64 179.08
199.99 190.09 217.56 144.82
181.36 168.01 193.04 184.64
187.37 176.5 217.66 188.49
172.93 173.54 198.68 198.69
187.18 153.75 206.49 142.43
179.03 212.8 198.81 169.68
181.69 179.32 200.58 174.79
185.28 173.56 199.91 133.31
157.14 217.86 190.34 176.42
184.42 187.57 181.87 176.67
183.45 163.69 214.39 158.2
175.5 186.49 189.61 157.02
169.55 171.31 203.58 154.55
166.86 202.29 196.64 157.58
166.33 197.68 225.42 161.96
173.88 156.89 175.13 168.14
189.84 168.03 228.21 180.14
184.88 173.09 229.33 170.28
188.63 187.52 170.58 166.68
216.39 193.28 177.76 161.42
180.57 178.04 207.34 153.97
177.54 197.45 178.07 167.5
182.34 172.35 188.32 165.43
187.35 167.63 193.26 150.83
185.87 194.24 201.17 149.96
188.01 179.43 192.75 161.94
182.62 183.62 192.81 146.46
179.08 157.92 183.1 174.83
189.96 173.55 181.92 181.66
169.15 180.86 209.43 164.82
169.83 161.02 180.11 181.35
181.45 178.42 172.92 176.21
196.13 165.12 205.01 152.4
172.02 183.75 206.46 159.63
181.83 186.77 192.48 156.56
170.41 177.59 237.49 168.11
161.99 202.78 173.08 145.07
138.3 176.63 193.08 128.93
170.61 169.11 203.24 165.95
201.27 148.7 215.17 181.76
202.12 154.19 186.83 168.17
172.62 189.65 199.7 162.11
159.13 186.93 225.14 177.03
143.52 168.2 213.18 124.06
195.85 159.14 237.23 138.48
186.22 182.17 189.98 167.83
168.62 198.69 193.63 165.07
164.88 167.9 184.7 153.74
155.29 178.21 175.87 172.72
168.39 170.73 180.94 159.97
190.02 199.62 211.19 167.26
188.99 186.03 205.54 164.98
175.49 156.23 219.55 154.06
190.88 158.08 197.33 168.92
178.08 163.74 205.62 168.9
210.38 161.45 238.7 157.48
164.27 163.45 192.5 164.03
166.97 178.17 208.35 162.76
176.16 194.1 208.04 173.37
199.72 182.6 222.47 152.13
176.93 168.51 207.6 187.08
185.16 191.89 194.59 162.84
161.05 180.53 184.28 162.67
186.32 165.45 174.55 157.21
149.24 168.8 188.53 156.79
168.62 159.92 204.28 172.38
171.64 188.49 202.95 167.62
185.42 205.27 177.62 172.72
162.43 185.63 201.99 167.55
178.81 197.38 195.6 132.49
172.65 186.71 178.86 166.18
164.65 194.81 211.23 176.79
178.52 198.09 213.29 197.98
170.11 164.07 199.12 184.78
167.15 170.48 187.97 180.51
190.32 184.86 180.93 167.27
167.25 189.11 213.22 159.34
179.2 179.68 175.36 142.35
171.65 142.38 187.6 167.07
166.35 167.72 208.33 126.94
175.41 199.9 172.86 205.18
172.05 174.43 211.64 152.31
181.88 168.2 183.19 191.26
201.11 195.07 203.05 160.98
154.21 193.79 197.88 192.23
145.89 175.16 203.39 139.34
178.49 170.66 193.8 172.68
176.08 183.98 215.25 177.64
202.48 174.54 203.99 170.27
182.4 197.18 194.52 150.87
182.09 215.17 221.49 162.21
TAT are equal
TAT are enequal
TAT of atleast one of the lab is different

TYPE-1
TYPE-2

REJECT NULL MAKING CHANGES (NECESSARY)

REJECT NULL MAKING CHANGES (UNNECESSARY)

UNCERTAINITYRISK <5% REJECT NULL

Tool?
P Value

Probability of committing Type-1 Error

Permissible risk 5%
Alpha Risk Level of Significance
Fat Content / Transaction Time
A quality team in a bank selects a random sample of 13 transactions to determine
15.2 transaction is within the requirement of 15 minutes. The company has a history of
12.4 standard deviation of transactions as 2.6. Data: Banking Transaction time.mtw
15.4
16.5
15.9
17.1
16.9
14.3
19.1
18.2
18.5
16.3
20
13 transactions to determine if the mean time of
The company has a history of data that revealed the
ing Transaction time.mtw
Pressure Temp Flowrate Yield X Y
1 800 150 90% 1 2
2 900 175 95% 2 4 2
3 1000 200 80% 3 6
4 1100 225 72%
5 1200 250 79% REGRESSION COEFFICIENT
positive

Y = aX1 + bX2 + cX3 + d Y = 2X

a,b,c,d
Male Female
Delayed Delayed A Continuous improvement team wants to understand whether female candidate perform
On-time Delayed better than male to arrive on a new hiring strategy. The HR team suggested that female
candidates perform better in terms of on-time completion of task. Analyze the data and
On-time Delayed determine whether there is evidence at 5% significance level to support this hypothesis (Refe
On-time Delayed data: On-time.mtw)
On-time Delayed
On-time On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time On-time
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time On-time
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time On-time
On-time On-time
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
On-time On-time
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
On-time On-time
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time On-time
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
On-time Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
Delayed Delayed
Delayed On-time
Delayed Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
On-time
On-time
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
On-time
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
On-time
On-time
Delayed
On-time
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
On-time
On-time
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
Delayed
On-time
On-time
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
Delayed
On-time
 female candidate perform
m suggested that female
sk. Analyze the data and
support this hypothesis (Refer
North South East West
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 WWR Research Company uses 4 regional centres in the country (North,
to input data of questionnaire responses. They audit a certain % of the q
0 1 1 0 versus data entry. Any error in data entry renders it defective. The mana
0 0 0 0 whether the defective % varies by regional office (Refer data: Questionn
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
centres in the country (North, South, East and West)
They audit a certain % of the questionnaire responses
renders it defective. The manager wants to check
l office (Refer data: Questionnaire Defectives.mtw)
$spent_New Promotion $spent_Standard
1403.81 2232.77 An analyst in a bank store wants to evaluate a recent credit card pro
1513.56 2327.09 cardholders were randomly selected. Half received an ad promoting
purchase made over next three months, and half received a standa
1729.63 1280.03 Did the advertisement promote reduced interest rate increase purc
1609.71 1476.62 promotion.mtw)
1854.49 1460.77
1107.21 1495.29
2144.65 1949.59
784.08 1856.95
1409.66 1470.68
2226.12 1567.24
1869.39 1627.4
1629.1 1903.64
2006.78 1696.94
2096.78 1334.26
1445.53 2032.94
1887.14 1766.63
1644.57 1987.13
1668.49 1876.32
1154.14 1364.74
1856.25 1479.35
1612.23 1775.44
1655.1 1107.79
1555.94 2149.39
1761.03 1334.18
1835.17 1084.51
1251.48 2149.71
1647.97 806.04
1988.14 1564.83
1969.48 1615.41
2334.9 844.37
1093.11 1563.5
1503.77 1442.46
1248.61 1147.48
788.06 1521.44
1932.53 1526.62
1531.88 1369.44
1425.07 1058.08
1872.12 1272.34
1283.32 1326.16
1668.66 1794.5
1493.32 1245.85
961.97 1539.83
1724.96 1809.45
1742.34 2112.64
1317.36 2111.49
926.66 1537.36
1657.76 1114.43
1702.68 1512.02
1857.5 1718.49
1197.32 1415.53
1186.31 1431.91
1301.35 1596.86
2180.45 1161.08
2152.12 1878.37
1558.75 1521.88
1024.06 1405.7
1818.9 1813.78
1949.54 1892.45
1921.23 1948.88
1293.02 1417.59
1496.17 2174.24
1020.85 1670.26
1335.42 1676.36
1705.88 1489.34
1993.31 1501.17
1331.24 1505.67
1801.6 1375.44
1920.18 1360.23
2154.47 2251.41
2182.23 1427.76
1293.09 911.47
2021.11 1416.5
1722.57 1549.88
1709.16 1707.59
1229.06 1662.75
1257.92 1211.93
1751.57 1268.61
1635.82 1881.39
1500.69 1468.52
1294.39 1962.03
1297.83 1304.11
2054.84 1587.83
1337.27 1228.8
1470.23 1468.81
1664.4 1777.9
1733.25 1938.57
2236.35 1815.76
1543.24 1339.15
1430.57 1422.44
2181.44 1278.97
1481.03 1212.8
1703.43 728.51
1770.78 1932.99
1738.04 1828.8
2250.77 1332.03
1773.03 1501.18
1447.59 1214.45
1920.9 1220.74
1142.48 1699.01
1629.81 1490.75
1320.96 1649
1875.82 1971.75
1980.03 1427.82
1566.06 848.28
2191.42 1279.06
1784.32 2713.03
2160.95 961.42
1590.9 1993.07
1417.74 1398.32
2030.03 1606.41
1675.38 1585.94
1323.77 1364.47
1878.1 1576.19
1540.17 1629.78
1837.06 1633.9
2000.09 1645.33
1234.67 1286.85
1254.65 1979.73
1450.44 1260.41
1424.09 1514.5
1761.52 894.49
1111.6 1859.85
1006.98 1058.08
1158.3 1569.37
993.07 1484.28
1694.11 1896.84
1861.46 1495.25
1469.62 1613.22
1897.26 1488.59
1414.65 1253.23
1329.25 1167.36
1602.95 1530.05
1524.03 1931.86
1331.73 1902.03
1817.07 544.6
1805.13 1681.54
1574.02 2273.88
1669.04 2001.3
1971.9 1877.69
1389.08 1603.34
2002.44 2210.43
1674.47 1620.34
1648.67 1630.01
1667.42 1529.85
1518.7 1807.75
1510.89 1639.77
1418.02 810.8
1304.87 1409.09
1138.33 1831.91
2204.63 1634.69
1730.41 2047.49
947.66 1685.44
1516.43 1840.55
1609.69 1603.48
918.35 1475.98
1989.1 1272.25
1808.38 1250.38
1153.75 1474.78
1745.64 2064.89
1008.24 2030.87
2228.05 1214.56
2138 1712.73
763.1 1034.58
1598.52 1451.89
1695.36 1623.61
745.65 2001.77
2158.61 1566.88
1540.81 1414.09
2315.43 1448.89
1873.21 2200.87
1645.4 1587.34
895.71 1121.07
1020.24 1252.98
1770.02 1736.85
2191.5 1692.66
1778.76 1422.01
1201.46 1407.98
1781.39 1927.35
1562.01 1660.04
2048.84 1629.3
2444.14 1140.48
1584.14 1715.45
1552.17 1567.94
1975.27 1467.43
1406.47 1713.91
1443.45 770.01
2074.11 1791.74
1739.01 1426.91
2138.09 1201.1
1960.25 2007.4
2080.13 1256.19
1913.88 1689.85
1101.54 1603.74
1358.64 1711.35
1666.15 1634.6
1585.55 1279
860.14 817.89
1736.46 2303.63
1831.88 1109.49
1520.6 2122.55
2166.18 2072.08
1712.42 1414.35
2139.89 1690.1
1390.34 1471.37
1576.91 1857.23
2018.59 1061.71
2179.41 1484.09
1357.85 1627.78
1767.5 1718.79
2015.52 875.56
1834.73 1790.24
1925.47 1386.57
1788.29 1560.18
1531.29 1770.95
1701.31 1693.09
1929.75 1563.58
1280.42 1528
1498.08 1225.97
1049.52 1369.19
1917.89 2214.43
1820.73 1596.62
1579.87 1182.48
1741.37 1325.24
1345.8 1464.76
2019.61 2354.06
1429.15 1782.73
1829.79 1732.61
1938.81 967.52
1406.31 1893.02
1810.8 1448.63
1442.19 1846.56
1837.92 1443.14
1451.36 1931.17
1686.29 1279.99
2196.83 1441.89
1500.23 1171.05
1578.46 1119.82
2637.88 1544.84
2007.31 2711.72
 1892.6 1624.64
1768.34 1501.74
1384.1 1534.79
1612.07 1459.86
1399.9 1577.33
1016.13 2158.36
2227.46 1336.52
2007.54 1330.23
2000.05 1919.86
1513.06 1863.01
1020.76 1295.01
te a recent credit card promotion. To this end, 500
received an ad promoting a reduced interest rate on
nd half received a standard seasonal advertisement.
nterest rate increase purchase? (Refer data:
Unit A Unit B
6.809 6.7703
6.4376 7.5093
6.9157 6.73
7.3012 6.7878
7.4488 7.1522
7.3871 6.811
6.8755 7.2212
7.0621 6.6606
6.684 7.2402
6.8236 7.0503
7.393 6.881
7.5169 7.4059
6.9246 6.7652
6.9256 6.038
6.5797 7.1581
6.8394 7.024
6.597 6.6672
7.2705 7.4314
7.2828 7.307
7.3495 6.7478
6.9438 6.8889
7.156 7.422
6.5341 6.5217
7.2854 7.1688
6.9952 6.7594
6.8568 6.9399
7.2163 7.0133
6.6801 6.9182
6.9431 6.3346
7.0852 7.5459
6.7794 7.0992
7.2783 7.118
7.1561 6.6965
7.3943 6.578
6.9405 7.3875
 Total - infinity to Z Total Z to + infinity
Total Z to + infinity

Z Z Z

Z Area Under Curve Area Under Curve

Area Under Curve from from Z to positive from Z to positive
negative infinity to Z infinity infinity (in PPM)
0.000 0.50000000000000 0.50000000000000 500000.00000000000000
0.100 0.53982783727703 0.46017216272297 460172.16272297100000
0.200 0.57925970943910 0.42074029056090 420740.29056089700000
0.300 0.61791142218895 0.38208857781105 382088.57781104700000
0.400 0.65542174161032 0.34457825838968 344578.25838967600000
0.500 0.69146246127401 0.30853753872599 308537.53872598700000
0.600 0.72574688224993 0.27425311775007 274253.11775007400000
0.700 0.75803634777693 0.24196365222307 241963.65222307300000
0.800 0.78814460141660 0.21185539858340 211855.39858339700000
0.900 0.81593987465324 0.18406012534676 184060.12534676000000
1.000 0.84134474606854 0.15865525393146 158655.25393145700000
1.100 0.86433393905362 0.13566606094638 135666.06094638300000
1.200 0.88493032977829 0.11506967022171 115069.67022170800000
1.300 0.90319951541439 0.09680048458561 96800.48458561030000
1.400 0.91924334076623 0.08075665923377 80756.65923377100000
1.500 0.93319279873114 0.06680720126886 66807.20126885810000
1.600 0.94520070830044 0.05479929169956 54799.29169955800000
1.700 0.95543453724146 0.04456546275854 44565.46275854300000
1.800 0.96406968088707 0.03593031911293 35930.31911292580000
1.900 0.97128344018400 0.02871655981600 28716.55981600170000
2.000 0.97724986805182 0.02275013194818 22750.13194817920000
2.100 0.98213557943718 0.01786442056282 17864.42056281660000
2.200 0.98609655248650 0.01390344751350 13903.44751349860000
2.300 0.98927588997832 0.01072411002168 10724.11002167580000
2.400 0.99180246407540 0.00819753592460 8197.53592459616000
2.500 0.99379033467422 0.00620966532578 6209.66532577616000
2.600 0.99533881197628 0.00466118802372 4661.18802371873000
2.700 0.99653302619696 0.00346697380304 3466.97380304062000
2.800 0.99744486966957 0.00255513033043 2555.13033042798000
2.900 0.99813418669962 0.00186581330038 1865.81330038404000
3.000 0.99865010196837 0.00134989803163 1349.89803163010000
3.100 0.99903239678678 0.00096760321322 967.60321321831500
3.200 0.99931286206208 0.00068713793792 687.13793791586000
3.300 0.99951657585762 0.00048342414238 483.42414238378200
3.400 0.99966307073432 0.00033692926568 336.92926567685500
3.500 0.99976737092096 0.00023262907904 232.62907903554000
3.600 0.99984089140984 0.00015910859016 159.10859015755300
3.700 0.99989220026652 0.00010779973348 107.79973347740900
3.800 0.99992765195607 0.00007234804393 72.34804392508570
3.900 0.99995190365598 0.00004809634402 48.09634401758970
4.000 0.99996832875817 0.00003167124183 31.67124183312000
4.100 0.99997934249309 0.00002065750691 20.65750691249150
4.200 0.99998665425098 0.00001334574902 13.34574901590280
4.300 0.99999146009453 0.00000853990547 8.53990547100558
4.400 0.99999458745609 0.00000541254391 5.41254390773460
4.500 0.99999660232688 0.00000339767312 3.39767312473871
4.600 0.99999788754530 0.00000211245470 2.11245470249644
4.700 0.99999869919255 0.00000130080745 1.30080745386341
4.800 0.99999920667185 0.00000079332815 0.79332815194899
4.900 0.99999952081672 0.00000047918328 0.47918327661378
5.000 0.99999971334843 0.00000028665157 0.28665157192354
5.100 0.99999983017326 0.00000016982674 0.16982674067023
5.200 0.99999990035574 0.00000009964426 0.09964426317399
5.300 0.99999994209866 0.00000005790134 0.05790134038897
5.400 0.99999996667955 0.00000003332045 0.03332044851145
5.500 0.99999998101044 0.00000001898956 0.01898956247803
5.600 0.99999998928241 0.00000001071759 0.01071759025972
5.700 0.99999999400963 0.00000000599037 0.00599037142113
5.800 0.99999999668425 0.00000000331575 0.00331574601109
5.900 0.99999999818249 0.00000000181751 0.00181750781092
6.000 0.99999999901341 0.00000000098659 0.00098658770042
6.100 0.99999999946966 0.00000000053034 0.00053034232561
6.200 0.99999999971768 0.00000000028232 0.00028231583737
6.300 0.99999999985118 0.00000000014882 0.00014882284294
6.400 0.99999999992231 0.00000000007769 0.00007768852228
6.500 0.99999999995984 0.00000000004016 0.00004015998645
6.600 0.99999999997944 0.00000000002056 0.00002055788872
6.700 0.99999999998958 0.00000000001042 0.00001042099740
6.800 0.99999999999477 0.00000000000523 0.00000523092680
6.900 0.99999999999740 0.00000000000260 0.00000260014232
7.000 0.99999999999872 0.00000000000128 0.00000127986510
7.100 0.99999999999938 0.00000000000062 0.00000062383432
7.200 0.99999999999970 0.00000000000030 0.00000030109248
7.300 0.99999999999986 0.00000000000014 0.00000014388490
7.400 0.99999999999993 0.00000000000007 0.00000006805667
7.500 0.99999999999997 0.00000000000003 0.00000003186340
7.600 0.99999999999999 0.00000000000001 0.00000001476597
7.700 0.99999999999999 0.00000000000001 0.00000000677236
7.800 1.00000000000000 0.00000000000000 0.00000000000000
7.900 1.00000000000000 0.00000000000000 0.00000000000000
8.000 1.00000000000000 0.00000000000000 0.00000000000000
 TWO TAILED SITUATION ONE TAILED
Area from -Z to +Z -infinity to -Z -infinity to -Z
plus plus Total - infinity to Z-1.5 Total Z-1.5 t
+Z to + infinity +Z to + infinity

-Z +Z -Z +Z -Z +Z Z-1.5
Convert
Area Under Curve (negative (negative infinity to -Z )
infinity to -Z) PLUS PLUS
Area Under Curve from (+Z to positive (+Z to positive infinity) Area Under Curve negative
-Z to +Z infinity) into PPM infinity to Z-1.5
0.00000000000000 1.00000000000000 1,000,000.00000000 0.06680720126886
0.07965567455406 0.92034432544594 920,344.32544594 0.08075665923377
0.15851941887821 0.84148058112179 841,480.58112179 0.09680048458561
0.23582284437791 0.76417715562209 764,177.15562209 0.11506967022171
0.31084348322065 0.68915651677935 689,156.51677935 0.13566606094638
0.38292492254803 0.61707507745197 617,075.07745197 0.15865525393146
0.45149376449985 0.54850623550015 548,506.23550015 0.18406012534676
0.51607269555385 0.48392730444615 483,927.30444615 0.21185539858340
0.57628920283321 0.42371079716679 423,710.79716679 0.24196365222307
0.63187974930648 0.36812025069352 368,120.25069352 0.27425311775007
0.68268949213709 0.31731050786291 317,310.50786291 0.30853753872599
0.72866787810723 0.27133212189277 271,332.12189277 0.34457825838968
0.76986065955658 0.23013934044342 230,139.34044342 0.38208857781105
0.80639903082878 0.19360096917122 193,600.96917122 0.42074029056090
0.83848668153246 0.16151331846754 161,513.31846754 0.46017216272297
0.86638559746228 0.13361440253772 133,614.40253772 0.50000000000000
0.89040141660088 0.10959858339912 109,598.58339912 0.53982783727703
0.91086907448291 0.08913092551709 89,130.92551709 0.57925970943910
0.92813936177415 0.07186063822585 71,860.63822585 0.61791142218895
0.94256688036800 0.05743311963200 57,433.11963200 0.65542174161032
0.95449973610364 0.04550026389636 45,500.26389636 0.69146246127401
0.96427115887437 0.03572884112563 35,728.84112563 0.72574688224993
0.97219310497300 0.02780689502700 27,806.89502700 0.75803634777693
0.97855177995665 0.02144822004335 21,448.22004335 0.78814460141660
0.98360492815081 0.01639507184919 16,395.07184919 0.81593987465324
0.98758066934845 0.01241933065155 12,419.33065155 0.84134474606854
0.99067762395256 0.00932237604744 9,322.37604744 0.86433393905362
0.99306605239392 0.00693394760608 6,933.94760608 0.88493032977829
0.99488973933914 0.00511026066086 5,110.26066086 0.90319951541439
0.99626837339923 0.00373162660077 3,731.62660077 0.91924334076623
0.99730020393674 0.00269979606326 2,699.79606326 0.93319279873114
0.99806479357356 0.00193520642644 1,935.20642644 0.94520070830044
0.99862572412417 0.00137427587583 1,374.27587583 0.95543453724146
0.99903315171523 0.00096684828477 966.84828477 0.96406968088707
0.99932614146865 0.00067385853135 673.85853135 0.97128344018400
0.99953474184193 0.00046525815807 465.25815807 0.97724986805182
0.99968178281968 0.00031821718032 318.21718032 0.98213557943718
0.99978440053305 0.00021559946695 215.59946695 0.98609655248650
0.99985530391215 0.00014469608785 144.69608785 0.98927588997832
0.99990380731196 0.00009619268804 96.19268804 0.99180246407540
0.99993665751633 0.00006334248367 63.34248367 0.99379033467422
0.99995868498618 0.00004131501382 41.31501382 0.99533881197628
0.99997330850197 0.00002669149803 26.69149803 0.99653302619696
0.99998292018906 0.00001707981094 17.07981094 0.99744486966957
0.99998917491218 0.00001082508782 10.82508782 0.99813418669962
0.99999320465375 0.00000679534625 6.79534625 0.99865010196837
0.99999577509060 0.00000422490940 4.22490940 0.99903239678678
0.99999739838509 0.00000260161491 2.60161491 0.99931286206208
0.99999841334370 0.00000158665630 1.58665630 0.99951657585762
0.99999904163345 0.00000095836655 0.95836655 0.99966307073432
0.99999942669686 0.00000057330314 0.57330314 0.99976737092096
0.99999966034652 0.00000033965348 0.33965348 0.99984089140984
0.99999980071147 0.00000019928853 0.19928853 0.99989220026652
0.99999988419732 0.00000011580268 0.11580268 0.99992765195607
0.99999993335910 0.00000006664090 0.06664090 0.99995190365598
0.99999996202088 0.00000003797912 0.03797912 0.99996832875817
0.99999997856482 0.00000002143518 0.02143518 0.99997934249309
0.99999998801926 0.00000001198074 0.01198074 0.99998665425098
0.99999999336851 0.00000000663149 0.00663149 0.99999146009453
0.99999999636498 0.00000000363502 0.00363502 0.99999458745609
0.99999999802682 0.00000000197318 0.00197318 0.99999660232688
0.99999999893932 0.00000000106068 0.00106068 0.99999788754530
0.99999999943537 0.00000000056463 0.00056463 0.99999869919255
0.99999999970235 0.00000000029765 0.00029765 0.99999920667185
0.99999999984462 0.00000000015538 0.00015538 0.99999952081672
0.99999999991968 0.00000000008032 0.00008032 0.99999971334843
0.99999999995888 0.00000000004112 0.00004112 0.99999983017326
0.99999999997916 0.00000000002084 0.00002084 0.99999990035574
0.99999999998954 0.00000000001046 0.00001046 0.99999994209866
0.99999999999480 0.00000000000520 0.00000520 0.99999996667955
0.99999999999744 0.00000000000256 0.00000256 0.99999998101044
0.99999999999875 0.00000000000125 0.00000125 0.99999998928241
0.99999999999940 0.00000000000060 0.00000060 0.99999999400963
0.99999999999971 0.00000000000029 0.00000029 0.99999999668425
0.99999999999986 0.00000000000014 0.00000014 0.99999999818249
0.99999999999994 0.00000000000006 0.00000006 0.99999999901341
0.99999999999997 0.00000000000003 0.00000003 0.99999999946966
0.99999999999999 0.00000000000001 0.00000001 0.99999999971768
1.00000000000000 0.00000000000000 0.00000000 0.99999999985118
1.00000000000000 0.00000000000000 0.00000000 0.99999999992231
1.00000000000000 0.00000000000000 0.00000000 0.99999999995984
ONE TAILED SITUATION
Total Z-1.5 to + infinity Total Z-1.5 to + infinity

Z-1.5 Z-1.5

Convert Area Under Curve

Area Under Curve (Z-1.5 to positive infinity)
Z-1.5 to positive infinity into PPM
0.93319279873114 933,192.798731
0.91924334076623 919,243.340766
0.90319951541439 903,199.515414
0.88493032977829 884,930.329778
0.86433393905362 864,333.939054
0.84134474606854 841,344.746069
0.81593987465324 815,939.874653
0.78814460141660 788,144.601417
0.75803634777693 758,036.347777
0.72574688224993 725,746.882250
0.69146246127401 691,462.461274
0.65542174161032 655,421.741610
0.61791142218895 617,911.422189
0.57925970943910 579,259.709439
0.53982783727703 539,827.837277
0.50000000000000 500,000.000000
0.46017216272297 460,172.162723
0.42074029056090 420,740.290561
0.38208857781105 382,088.577811
0.34457825838968 344,578.258390
0.30853753872599 308,537.538726
0.27425311775007 274,253.117750
0.24196365222307 241,963.652223
0.21185539858340 211,855.398583
0.18406012534676 184,060.125347
0.15865525393146 158,655.253931
0.13566606094638 135,666.060946
0.11506967022171 115,069.670222
0.09680048458561 96,800.484586
0.08075665923377 80,756.659234
0.06680720126886 66,807.201269
0.05479929169956 54,799.291700
0.04456546275854 44,565.462759
0.03593031911293 35,930.319113
0.02871655981600 28,716.559816
0.02275013194818 22,750.131948
0.01786442056282 17,864.420563
0.01390344751350 13,903.447513
0.01072411002168 10,724.110022
0.00819753592460 8,197.535925
0.00620966532578 6,209.665326
0.00466118802372 4,661.188024
0.00346697380304 3,466.973803
0.00255513033043 2,555.130330
0.00186581330038 1,865.813300
0.00134989803163 1,349.898032
0.00096760321322 967.603213
0.00068713793792 687.137938
0.00048342414238 483.424142
0.00033692926568 336.929266
0.00023262907904 232.629079
0.00015910859016 159.108590
0.00010779973348 107.799733
0.00007234804393 72.348044
0.00004809634402 48.096344
0.00003167124183 31.671242
0.00002065750691 20.657507
0.00001334574902 13.345749
0.00000853990547 8.539905
0.00000541254391 5.412544
0.00000339767312 3.397673
0.00000211245470 2.112455
0.00000130080745 1.300807
0.00000079332815 0.793328
0.00000047918328 0.479183
0.00000028665157 0.286652
0.00000016982674 0.169827
0.00000009964426 0.099644
0.00000005790134 0.057901
0.00000003332045 0.033320
0.00000001898956 0.018990
0.00000001071759 0.010718
0.00000000599037 0.005990
0.00000000331575 0.003316
0.00000000181751 0.001818
0.00000000098659 0.000987
0.00000000053034 0.000530
0.00000000028232 0.000282
0.00000000014882 0.000149
0.00000000007769 0.000078
0.00000000004016 0.000040
Master Trial-1 Trial-2 Trial-3 Trial-4 Trial-5 Trial-6 Trial-7 Trial-8 Trial-9
2 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4
4 5.1 3.9 4.2 5 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9
6 5.8 5.7 5.9 5.9 6 6.1 6 6.1 6.4
8 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.8
10 9.1 9.3 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.6

Fitted Line Plot

Bias = 0.7367 - 0.1317 Data

0.50 S 0.0722649
R-Sq 97.8%
R-Sq(adj) 97.1%

0.25

0.00
Bias

-0.25

-0.50

-0.75
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Data
Trial-10 Trial-11 Trial-12 Average Bias bias as % of P2PV (16.5368)
2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4916666667 0.491667 2.97 2.973167
4 4.1 3.8 4.125 0.125 0.76
6.3 6 6.1 6.025 0.025 0.15
7.5 7.6 7.7 7.7083333333 -0.291667 -1.76
9.2 9.3 9.4 9.3833333333 -0.616667 -3.73
-0.053333 -0.32

% Linearity = 13.17%
The %Linearity (absolute value of the slope * 100) is 13.2, which means that
the gage linearity accounts for 13% of the overall process variation.

The %Bias for the reference average is 0.3, which means that the gage bias
accounts for less than 0.3% of the overall process variation.
Vendor A Vendor B Vendor C
3.37 6.54 5.1 A financial services organization outsourced their back-office operations
7.53 2.65 5.69 contracts are up for renewal and the CEO wants to determine whether t
with all vendors. Vendor with the least transaction time will be preferred
5.57 6.19 6.14 whether to renew individual contracts or consolidate. CEO will renew in
6.2 4.58 4.39 performance of all vendors is similar (Refer data: Transaction time.mtw)
6.22 4.78 7.58
5.62 7.05 6.01
6.99 6.93 5.33
8.33 6.44 5.42
4.35 2.65 4.86
4.63 7.27 3.08
6.33 6.58 5.79
2.33 5.89 6.14
3.68 5.42 7.02
4.53 7.45 7.54
6.08 4.31 5.32
6.92 4.84 4.88
5.49 7.36 4.06
6.34 5.83 6.08
6 6.56 9.94
4.47 3.87 5.42
6.93 5.37 3.67
5.17 6.81 4.31
6.64 4.9 5.28
6 3.27 8.84
6.45 4.57 6.16
6.64 6.34 6.86
5.82 9 7.19
6.55 8.93 4.97
7.6 6.73 6.46
5.43 5.7 4.2
5.85 4.53 4.27
5.04 8.06 6.39
5.68 7.14 4.6
4.77 4.84 6.15
3.57 4.55 5.28
6.15 7.87 7.41
6.22 5.21 3.61
6.76 7.94 7.23
4.29 7.36 5.53
7.08 6.17 3.97
4.13 5.99 4.95
5.04 3.24 5.65
3.6 5.39 6.17
6.51 7.75 6.14
3.4 7.12 9.25
7.25 5.66 6.31
4.97 6.24 4.15
6.55 5.26 6.2
4.49 6.83 5.56
7.22 5.21 4.99
5.25 6.02 6.34
5.62 5.89 4.82
8.72 7.35 5.49
4.98 6.18 4.4
5.1 3.8 6.07
4.6 7.31 4.42
6.39 7.21 6.21
9.01 5.66 4.4
7.58 8.19 6.05
6.28 6.15 5
8.33 7.35 8.74
5.43 5.32 7.49
4.74 5.12 7.5
6.62 8.8 6.07
6.38 6.91 3.34
4.25 3.26 6.25
4.34 6.65 5.09
5.4 6.81 5.61
4.42 5.97 8.26
5.47 7.15 7.29
5.3 5.88 5.36
5.77 7.33 8.21
4.11 7.69 6.37
4.73 7.96 5.18
5.37 4.83 7.13
4.6 5.7 4.52
3.92 6.86 6.13
5.35 6.48 6.57
4.39 5.88 5.64
6.13 7.44 8.87
6.72 7.15 7.09
3.05 4.89 7.95
7.63 5.08 3.61
5.05 6.59 7.73
5.76 5.73 8.9
6.37 6.04 7.08
5.67 9.96 7.63
7.9 9.44 8.27
5.85 4.84 4.91
3.5 6.9 8.11
7.94 6.44 6.36
6.43 4.79 5.39
3.92 6.74 5.52
7.8 7.42 5.22
5.09 4.16 5.09
5.27 5.43 7.16
4.43 5.13 5.57
7.09 5.13 6.26
4.57 4.52 6.97
6.89 6.65 4.42
4.71 5.59 7.64
3.33 4.81 6.9
6.08 7.21 5.9
7.9 5.39 7
5.03 6.4 8.52
7.11 4.91 4.54
6.91 3.87 5.14
8.17 6.45 6.2
6.02 7.79 7.15
5.52 6.49 2.85
3.32 6.57 4.65
4.95 6.45 6.33
5.62 7.04 7.18
5.67 5.17 4.29
8.64 3.66 4.23
5.32 6.04 3.83
6.64 7.03 2.75
6.66 4.03 6.02
5.19 7.03 7.02
4.59 6.29 5.68
ed their back-office operations to 3 different vendors. The
wants to determine whether they should renew contracts
nsaction time will be preferred. CEO wants to evaluate
consolidate. CEO will renew individual contracts if the
r data: Transaction time.mtw)
 Weight gained (Y) Calories Consumed(X) X-Xbar (X-Xbar)/SD-X
0 1500 -840.714286 -1.11780837745145
200 2300 -40.7142859999999 -0.054133456193885
900 3400 1059.285714 1.40841956053527
200 2200 -140.714286 -0.187092821351081
300 2500 159.285714 0.211785274120507
0 1600 -740.714286 -0.984849012294257
0 1400 -940.714286 -1.25076774260865
10 1900 -440.714286 -0.585970916822669
600 2800 459.285714 0.610663369592095
1100 3900 1559.285714 2.07321638632125
100 1670 -670.714286 -0.89177745668422
150 1900 -440.714286 -0.585970916822669
350 2700 359.285714 0.477704004434899
700 3000 659.285714 0.876582099906487
Y bar X bar
329.285714285714 2340.71428571429
SD-Y SD-X
359.175643463115 752.1094875872
Pearson Correlation Coefficient r Sum((X-Xbar)/SD-X*(Y-Ybar)SD-Y)/(n-1)

INFERENCE 94.02% of the changes observed in the Y variable are due to the changes made in the X variable
Conclusion The X factor under the study is the single root cause
 Y-Ybar (Y-Ybar)/SD-Y D*F
-329.2857143 -0.916781859402446 1.02478644273557
-129.2857143 -0.35995122898694 0.0194854040862996
570.7142857 1.58895597746733 2.23791667949443
-129.2857143 -0.35995122898694 0.0673442909799556
-29.2857143 -0.081535913779187 -0.017268105850391
-329.2857143 -0.916781859402446 0.902891708721791
-329.2857143 -0.916781859402446 1.14668117674936
-319.2857143 -0.888940327881671 0.520893178929467
270.7142857 0.753710031844072 0.460263107741266
770.7142857 2.14578660788284 4.44867995701139
-229.2857143 -0.638366544194693 0.569280893214238
-179.2857143 -0.499158886590816 0.292492590415803
20.7142857 0.0576717438246895 0.0275500229677978
370.7142857 1.03212534705182 0.904742604085401

SUM 12.6057399512824

r SUM/ (N-1) 0.969672303944799

r^2 0.940264377037614

o the changes made in the X variable

Referring to the data given in the table, Can you model the relationship between calories
consumed and weight gained using regression analysis?
Hydrogen Porosity
0.18 0.33
0.21 0.41
0.21 0.45
0.21 0.55
0.22 0.44
0.22 0.24
0.23 0.47
0.23 0.7
0.24 0.8
0.24 0.22
0.25 0.88
0.26 0.72
0.27 0.75
0.28 0.7
Parts produced Number of defectives
425 32 An inspection process checked parts produced for defectives. The total
442 43 produced varies every shift. The number of defectives were recorded fo
585 49 process in control? Worksheet: defectives.mtw
460 56
532 44
628 52
671 61
581 32
469 29
456 38
462 31
575 37
606 52
493 36
445 30
467 41
700 59
477 42
692 39
500 41
670 42
556 67
650 65
698 69
uced for defectives. The total number of parts
f defectives were recorded for 24 shifts. Is the
.mtw
Invoices Incorrect invoices
25 12 Quality team of a company started an improvement project to try to redu
36 18 incorrect invoices that is being issued to its customers. The number of inc
28 14 every day is recorded. Is the process in control? Worksheet: Incorrect inv
24 13
18 7
21 12
32 14
26 5
23 15
18 6
27 12
31 17
22 9
36 11
25 8
32 6
32 5
33 12
28 6
16 6
32 8
29 8
rovement project to try to reduce the number of
s customers. The number of incorrect invoices for
ntrol? Worksheet: Incorrect invoice.mtw
Sample Size Defectivephones
300 4 A manufacturer of smart phones wants to assess whether its process in control
300 3 mobiles were taken every hour for three shifts and tested to see whether they
300 5 are mobiles that do not pass the test. Is the process in control? Worksheet: sma
300 6
300 7
300 8
300 8
300 9
300 8
300 4
300 3
300 6
300 8
300 2
300 8
300 6
300 2
300 5
300 2
300 12
300 2
300 3
300 10
300 4
ether its process in control. Samples of
ested to see whether they work. Defectives
n control? Worksheet: smartphones.mtw
Transactions Errors
100 58 Process excellence team in a bank inspects transaction. There are seven opportun
100 103 in each transaction. 100 transactions are inspected every day and number of error
100 94 recorded. Is the process in control? Worksheet: transaction.mtw
100 99
100 101
100 62
100 74
100 95
100 91
100 99
100 62
100 76
100 81
100 59
100 59
100 58
100 91
100 98
100 98
100 90
100 104
100 92
100 44
100 82
100 85
100 60
100 108
100 92
100 72
100 60
100 60
100 58
100 50
100 74
100 105
100 69
100 106
100 102
100 67
100 96
100 110
100 84
100 106
100 104
100 77
100 64
100 94
100 84
on. There are seven opportunities for error
very day and number of errors are
action.mtw
 Data Subgroup Subgroup average
Coating Thickness Roll Number 50.3175 1 50.2896
50.3175 1 50.1432 1
50.1432 1 0.2649 50.4081 1
50.4081 1 49.5077 2 49.729433333333
49.5077 2 50.2715 2
50.2715 2 49.4091 2
49.4091 2 49.3587 3 49.341733333333
49.3587 3 49.1436 3
49.1436 3 49.5229 3
49.5229 3 49.5005 4 49.9246
49.5005 4 50.4829 4
50.4829 4 49.7904 4
49.7904 4 47.911 5 48.168233333333
47.911 5 47.9221 5
47.9221 5 48.6716 5
48.6716 5 49.8851 6 49.977
49.8851 6 50.1697 6
50.1697 6 49.8762 6
49.8762 6 50.4223 7 50.384
50.4223 7 50.7303 7
50.7303 7 49.9994 7
49.9994 7 49.7899 8 49.7535
49.7899 8 49.8906 8
49.8906 8 49.58 8
49.58 8 50.4464 9 51.074666666667
50.4464 9 51.6716 9
51.6716 9 51.106 9
51.106 9 51.4371 10 50.975466666667
51.4371 10 50.7355 10
50.7355 10 50.7538 10
50.7538 10 50.2943 11 49.933933333333
50.2943 11 49.7753 11
49.7753 11 49.7322 11
49.7322 11 48.6112 12 48.398833333333
48.6112 12 48.048 12
48.048 12 48.5373 12
48.5373 12 49.3312 13 48.970433333333
49.3312 13 48.9048 13
48.9048 13 48.6753 13
48.6753 13 49.4319 14 49.586266666667
49.4319 14 50.1224 14
50.1224 14 49.2045 14
49.2045 14 50.3789 15 50.245666666667
50.3789 15 49.7629 15
49.7629 15 50.5952 15
50.5952 15 48.6722 16 49.147266666667
48.6722 16 49.639 16
 49.639 16 49.1306 16
49.1306 16 49.5332 17 49.707866666667
49.5332 17 49.5897 17
49.5897 17 50.0007 17
50.0007 17 49.4866 18 49.824633333333
49.4866 18 49.5549 18
49.5549 18 50.4324 18
50.4324 18 48.6924 19 49.471033333333
48.6924 19 49.8281 19
49.8281 19 49.8926 19
49.8926 19 50.8253 20 50.776866666667
50.8253 20 50.6484 20
50.6484 20 50.8569 20
50.8569 20 50.3306 21 49.801933333333
50.3306 21 49.4764 21
49.4764 21 49.5988 21
49.5988 21 49.9728 22 50.309633333333
49.9728 22 50.2333 22
50.2333 22 50.7228 22
50.7228 22 50.5934 23 49.955833333333
50.5934 23 49.9355 23
49.9355 23 49.3386 23
49.3386 23 49.5547 24 49.639
49.5547 24 49.6442 24
49.6442 24 49.7181 24
49.7181 24 51.3211 25 51.686266666667
51.3211 25 51.9875 25
51.9875 25 51.7502 25
51.7502 25 49.882948
Average 49.882948 Grand average
49.882948 stdev(overall) 0.83848772693
0.83848772692593 stdev(within) 0.4139492026 0.4139492025989
0.83848772692593

USL 53

Pp 1.192623
100 units Cp (within) 2.415755
1000 units Cpk (within) 2.321499
1000000 d2 = 1.693

within = 0.41 (USL-LSL )/ 6 SIGMA Cp, Cpk

Subgroup range SGA SGR
0.2649 0.044 0.027 0.0355 0.0170
0.037 0.025 0.0310 0.0120
0.031 0.034 0.0325 0.0030
0.8624 0.040 0.036 0.0380 0.0040
0.032 0.030 0.0310 0.0020
0.031 0.042 0.0365 0.0110
0.3793 0.030 0.031 0.0305 0.0010
0.029 0.040 0.0345 0.0110
0.029 0.030 0.0295 0.0010
0.9824 0.034 0.033 0.0335 0.0010
0.046 0.035 0.0405 0.0110
0.038 0.027 0.0325 0.0110
0.7606 0.052 0.026 0.0390 0.0260
0.028 0.025 0.0265 0.0030
0.031 0.026 0.0285 0.0050
0.2935 0.028 0.027 0.0275 0.0010
0.027 0.028 0.0275 0.0010
0.031 0.027 0.0290 0.0040
0.7309 0.028 0.032 0.0300 0.0040
0.029 0.030 0.0295 0.0010
0.032 0.030 0.0310 0.0020
0.3106 0.030 0.029 0.0295 0.0010
0.028 0.028 0.0280 0.0000
0.035 0.036 0.0355 0.0010
1.2252 0.031 0.030 0.0305 0.0010
X doublebaR bar d2 Sigma(within) Sigma(overall)
0.0319 0.0054 1.128 0.004787234 0.005621569
0.7016 Ppk 9.013249E-05

0.5621

0.5632

0.6559

0.9179

0.8323

0.9668
 0.4675

0.9458

1.2002

0.2085

0.8542

0.75

1.2548

0.1634

0.6664

0.700816
Average range

Rbar / d2

LSL 47

Ppk 1.14609
Cpk (within) 2.321499
Processing time
32.172258657127 A KPO processes reimbursement receipts for their customers. The time to process a re
27.229005087282 claim is 30 minutes and the customer expects at least 95% of invoices should be proce
17.755763014118 within 30 minutes. Compute Cp, Cpk.
28.21801972314
28.301622914254
27.691396905436
25.742370567479
28.285938273049
27.133746244362
22.334715199155
18.069578796603
27.893670513961
25.734467141152
24.743332365065
24.613737212436
19.340615024509
22.960050348406
13.648104124347
18.632409853914
22.580917324234
13.310828609079
26.095310155318
12.212470147736
21.972566944395
26.037833574203
16.399309027085
23.545680318911
24.528374474378
32.76235596386
25.202964075436
27.961617155379
22.194442276048
21.387169586671
24.44269601101
29.390218367836
28.918076980183
25.918184382252
15.696131536039
13.038368663569
17.854472138356
9.2907763067958
27.488046602898
21.432091246674
24.513282482472
16.044350932931
24.812513063226
20.486664547764
18.762545373264
10.45167003864
21.048815174723
33.194918195738
21.582804673347
21.535413116175
6.3507665010326
21.618884294337
19.509981930933
20.915697794743
20.031223451245
26.597418340457
22.027893118266
27.374733742379
24.034862980396
33.564628363554
17.972353794458
18.760057325293
13.734154001479
15.127109916828
20.542276111944
19.886442367538
18.510163829264
14.342218080788
22.834263013541
23.872074815854
21.009723724665
11.235914474882
29.041431767737
14.597481709487
28.357576447455
30.759798378476
24.016072547719
26.409471655938
33.155362393945
17.323303476264
30.598943134078
25.319041974418
17.513281627375
21.155759494675
12.645112964881
22.265746785436
27.770065564104
11.035721055721
24.885423753769
24.933866096553
24.634384020093
16.323794441778
19.455217690179
24.999817041096
32.048648555457
14.07424585702
13.462407665904

22.092294995059
5.962930261683
stomers. The time to process a refund
t 95% of invoices should be processed
CAB A CAB B
19 5
15 8
16 8
11 9
12 9
12 9
19 10
13 10
18 17
13 11
13 18
20 18
20 11
14 12
14 13
14 13
14 13
15 13
21 14
21 14
15 18
15 14
15 15
15 15
16 15
16 15
16 18
17 15
17 16
17 16
17 16
17 16
17 16
17 16
17 16
18 17
18 17
18 18
18 18
18 18
18 18
18 19
18 19
19 19
19 19
19 19
19 20
19 20
19 20
20 20
20 21
20 21
20 21
20 21
20 21
20 22
21 22
21 22
21 22
21 22
22 22
22 22
22 23
22 23
22 23
22 23
22 23
22 24
19 24
19 24
16 24
22 25
23 25
23 25
23 25
23 25
23 25
20 26
23 27
24 27
24 28
24 28
24 28
24 28
24 28
25 28
21 29
25 22
26 22
26 22
16 22
25 22
21 20
25 20
26 20
27 20
27 20
21 29
23 29
20 28
TemperatuProductionRejection Rejection% S.No. DHT Produced Rejected
860 36 12 33.33 1 12 244 40
870 36 10 27.77 2 14 227 33
885 40 12 30 3 16 236 28
861 37 11 29.72
842 43 3 6.97
805 45 3 6.67
800 38 5 13.15
838 46 4 8.69
750 40 5 12.5
735 50 2 4
776 45 7 15.55
790 53 8 15.09
850 43 9 20.93
765 46 6 13.04
805 48 4 8.33
Rejection% RHT Start time End Time Total Rejected Units Rejection% Time
16.39 8.3 10 296 92 31.08
14.53 10 11 300 35 11.66
11.86 11 12 212 37 17.45
12 13 261 42 16.09
13 14 272 46 16.91
14 15 338 33 9.76
15 16 269 49 18.21
16 17 332 47 14.15
17 18 330 66 20
18 19 342 31 9.06
19 20 317 16 5.04
20 21 257 10 3.89
21 22 315 7 2.22
22 23 227 8 3.52
23 24 281 10 3.55
Pouring T Die Holdin Die TemperTotal Prod Units Reje Rejection %
900 195 14 200 18 9
900 215 16 200 22 11
900 195 16 200 20 10
850 175 16 200 21 10.5
800 215 16 200 18 9
900 195 12 200 16 8
900 215 14 200 19 9.5
800 195 16 200 17 8.5
900 175 12 200 15 7.5
800 175 14 200 16 8
800 215 14 200 17 8.5
850 215 12 200 17 8.5
850 215 14 200 16 8
900 215 12 200 18 9
900 175 14 200 16 8
800 215 12 200 17 8.5
900 175 16 200 19 9.5
850 195 14 200 17 8.5
800 175 16 200 16 8
850 175 12 200 15 7.5
800 195 14 200 17 8.5
800 175 12 200 15 7.5
850 195 16 200 19 9.5
800 195 12 200 10 5
850 195 12 200 9 4.5
850 215 16 200 20 10
850 175 14 200 17 8.5
S.No Operator A Operator B S.No_1 Operator A_1 Operator B_1 S.No_2 Operator A_2
1 1.75 2.19 1 1.96 2.1 1 2.06
2 1.85 2.01 2 2.05 2.03 2 1.76
3 1.83 2.14 3 2.03 2.06 3 1.97
4 1.89 2.01 4 1.94 2.08 4 1.98
5 1.73 2.15 5 1.86 2.13 5 1.82
6 1.72 2.2 6 1.89 1.96 6 1.86
7 1.91 2.52 7 1.93 1.98 7 1.85
8 1.6 2.63 8 1.95 2.01 8 1.98
9 1.61 2.32 9 1.98 2.09 9 2.03
10 1.65 2.36 10 2.15 1.98 10 2.01
11 1.75 2.01 11 2.12 2.16 11 1.99
12 1.7 2.16 12 2.06 2.13 12 1.78
13 1.5 2.11 13 2.03 1.95 13 1.76
14 1.72 2.32 14 1.96 1.98 14 1.94
15 1.73 2.24 15 1.88 2.15 15 1.98
16 1.76 2.15 16 1.87 2.01 16 1.93
17 1.65 2.04 17 1.96 2.06 17 1.95
18 1.89 2.19 18 2.06 2.09 18 1.92
19 1.92 2.01 19 1.99 2.16 19 1.85
20 1.75 2.43 20 1.95 2.21 20 1.96
21 1.83 2.39 21 1.75 2.36 21 1.85
22 1.72 2.14 22 1.88 2.25 22 1.96
23 1.75 2.06 23 1.96 2.1 23 1.98
24 2.08 2.19 24 1.89 2.09 24 1.96
25 2.05 2.05 25 1.95 1.95 25 1.65
26 1.85 2.16 26 1.87 2.19 26 1.78
27 2.01 2.32 27 1.94 2.12 27 1.89
28 1.86 2.09 28 1.92 2.15 28 1.96
29 1.59 2.1 29 1.86 2.21 29 1.65
30 1.86 2.43 30 1.75 2.32 30 1.95
Operator B_2
2.13
2.19
2.06
2.15
2.32
2.26
2.12
2.01
2.09
1.98
2.15
2.18
2.01
2.21
2.15
2.04
2.23
2.14
2.09
2.26
2.15
2.06
2.06
2.15
2.29
2.12
2.07
2.17
2.23
2.32
StdOrder RunOrder PtType Blocks Primer Painting Adhesive Force
2 1 1 1 Primer1 Spraying 5.4
1 2 1 1 Primer1 Dipping 4
10 3 1 1 Primer2 Spraying 5.8
16 4 1 1 Primer2 Spraying 6.1
14 5 1 1 Primer1 Spraying 4.9
15 6 1 1 Primer2 Dipping 5.6
9 7 1 1 Primer2 Dipping 4.9
3 8 1 1 Primer2 Dipping 5.4
8 9 1 1 Primer1 Spraying 5.6
7 10 1 1 Primer1 Dipping 4.5
17 11 1 1 Primer3 Dipping 3.8
18 12 1 1 Primer3 Spraying 5.5
6 13 1 1 Primer3 Spraying 5
5 14 1 1 Primer3 Dipping 3.7
12 15 1 1 Primer3 Spraying 5
11 16 1 1 Primer3 Dipping 4
13 17 1 1 Primer1 Dipping 4.3
4 18 1 1 Primer2 Spraying 6.3
Torque Machine
24 2
14 1
18 1
27 2
17 2
32 2
31 2
27 2
21 2
27 1
24 1
21 2
24 1
26 2
31 2
34 2
28 1
32 2
24 2
16 2
22 1
37 2
36 2
21 1
16 1
17 1
22 1
34 2
20 2
19 2
16 1
16 1
18 1
30 1
21 2
16 1
14 1
15 1
14 2
14 2
25 1
15 1
16 1
15 1
19 2
15 1
15 2
19 1
19 1
30 2
24 2
10 1
15 2
17 2 DEFCET-
17 2
21 2
34 2
22 1
17 1
15 1
17 1
20 1
17 1
20 1
15 1
17 1
24 2
20 1
 DRIVERS OF
Technical Requirements
VOC (Y) SATISFACTION CTQ METRICS Input Factors (X)
Quality Castings Strength (Y1) Load y1 X1
y2 X2
X3
X4
Dimesions (Y2) Length X5
diameter X6
X7
X8
Finish (Y3) Average roughness X9
X10
X11
Free from Other Non
Blow holes
conformances (Y4) Blow holes X12
Non filling Surface imperfection X13
Crack X14
Performance
Material composition
Pouring velocity
pouring temp
casting pressure
mould design
die holdong time
air vent
fill volume
die temperature
metal cleaning / degassing
runner thickness

machine capacity
operatort skill
diecoat ratio
spray time
 Load 567
Length 422
diameter 69
Average
roughnes
s 32
Blow
holes 321
Non filling 324
Crack 543