QB Penseum he sun and even nuclear reactions. Each of these sources has its own unique way of generating electricity. Generation of Electricity * Electricity is generated from various sources such as geothermal power plants, hydroelectric power plants, wind turbines, solar panels, and nuclear power plants. * Geothermal power plants use heat from within the earth to produce electricity. This heat is obtained by drilling wells into the earth and piping steam or hot water to the surface. The steam or hot water drives generator turbines that produce electricity. * Hydroelectric power plants generate electricity by using the energy of flowing or falling water. Water is stored in a reservoir and then released through turbines, which spin and generate electricity. * Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy. When the wind blows, it causes the blades of the turbine to rotate, which then generates electricity. * Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight hits the solar panels, it excites electrons in the panels, creating an electric current. * Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear reactions. These reactions produce heat, which is used to create steam. The steam then drives generator turbines to produce electricity. ‘Transmission of Electricity * Once electricity is generated, it needs to be transmitted to where it is needed. This is done through a network of power lines and transformers. * High-voltage power lines are used to transmit electricity over long distances. These power lines are made of materials that have low resistance to the flow of electricity, such as copper or aluminum. “Transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltage of the electricity being transmitted. High-voltage electricity is stepped down to lower voltages for use in homes and businesses. Distribution of Electricity * After electricity is transmitted, it is distributed to homes, businesses, and other places where it is needed* Distribution lines carry electricity from substations to individual buildings. These lines are usually underground or mounted on poles * Electrical substations are used to control and distribute electricity to different areas. They contain transformers that further step down the voltage of the electricity. * Once the electricity reaches a building, it is distributed to different electrical outlets and appliances through a system of wiring In conclusion, electricity is generated from various sources and then transmitted and distributed to where it is needed. This process allows us to enjoy the benefits of electricity in our daily lives. # Study Notes: Electricity Generation, Transmission, Distribution, and Consumption Electricity Generation * Electricity can be generated through a variety of sources and resources. * Large turbines are turned by energy supplied by these sources. * The turbines are connected to a device called a generator. “The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. * This conversion is made possible by the interaction between a changing magnetic field and a conductor inside the generator assembly. * Current is induced by either moving the magnet or the conductor. * This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction and was discovered by Michael Faraday. Electricity Transmission and Distribution * After generating electricity in a power plant, it flows through large wires connected to a step-up transformer. * A step-up transformer raises the voltage to as high as 756 kilovolts so that it can travel long distances. * The electric current then travels through transmission power lines to substations. * At substations, the voltage is lowered by a step-down transformer to between 13 kilovolts and 2 kilovolts. * From substations, the electricity is sent to a pole transformer or a transformer box. * In the transformer box, the voltage is lowered again to between 240 volts and 120 volts. * Electricity then enters your home through a service box where your electric meter is located. * Wires around your house distribute electricity to power your lights and appliances. Electricity Consumption “The computation of electricity consumption depends on how electric companies charge for the use of electricity,* The amount you and your family pay for electricity each month is based on your usage. * Electric companies measure your consumption using an electric meter located in the service box of your home. * The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be. Note: The provided text mentions a photo that shows the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. Please provide the image link so that it can be included in the study notes. # Electrical Energy and Power Consumption Energyand Power * Electrical eneray is the amount of energy consumed by an electrical device over a period of time. * Power consumption refers to the rate at which electrical energy is used by a device. Calculating Electrical Energy “To calculate the electrical energy used, we need to multiply the power consumption by the duration of use. * The formula for calculating electrical energy is: E= P*t * represents the energy used, measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) * P represents the power consumption, measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). “trepresents the duration of use, measured in seconds (s) or hours (h). Example Problem * Given “Power consumption (P): 250 watts (W) * Duration of use (t): 8 hours (h) “To find the energy used (E), we need to convert the power consumption to kilowatts (kW) first. * Conversion “1 kilowatt (kW) = 1000 watts (W) * 250 watts (W) = 0.25 kilowatts (kW)* Calculating the eneray used SES eat “E=0.25kW*8h * E=2 kilowatt-hours (kWh) Now, let's calculate the cost of using the refrigerator. * Given: “Cost of electricity: 8.32 pesos per kilowatt-hour (kWh) * Calculating the cost: * Cost = Cost per kWh * Energy used * Cost = 8.32 pesos/kWh* 2 kWh * Cost = 16.64 pesos * Therefore, the cost of using the refrigerator for 8 hours is 16.64 pesos. Key Concepts * Power plant: A facility where electricity is generated from energy sources. * Generator: A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. # Electrical Energy Transmission and Distribution Electrical Energy Transmission Lines * Power cables that carry high voltage electricity over long distances. * Used to transmit electricity from power plants to substations. Di bi ion Lines * Carries electricity at lower voltage. * Used to distribute power to end consumers. Basic Equipment for Providing Electricity to Consumers Turbine * Arotating shaft with blades. * Converts mechanical energy into rotational energy.Generator * Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Transformer * Increases or decreases the voltage of electricity. * Used to step up or step down the voltage for transmission or distribution. * Power loss occurs as electricity is transmitted from power plants to consumers. * This is due to the resistance of the wires. * Resistance causes some of the electrical energy to be converted into heat, resulting in power loss. Remember to give this video a thumbs up, share it with your classmates, and subscribe to the KCMCTV YouTube channel for more educational videos.