Scribd
Upload
56 views10 pages

MATH283 L05 Wk2 Web

This document discusses implicit partial differentiation. It defines implicit functions and how to find partial derivatives of implicitly defined functions with respect to variables by differentiating both sides of the defining equation. Several examples are provided to illustrate this technique.

Uploaded by

Omar Matar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views10 pages

MATH283 L05 Wk2 Web

This document discusses implicit partial differentiation. It defines implicit functions and how to find partial derivatives of implicitly defined functions with respect to variables by differentiating both sides of the defining equation. Several examples are provided to illustrate this technique.

Uploaded by

Omar Matar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Lecture 5: Implicit partial differentiation

Definition
An implicit function is a function that is defined implicitly by an
equation, by associating one of the variables (the value or the
dependent variable) to the others (the arguments or the
independent variable). Generally, we have an equation connecting
x and y with z such as

f (x, y , z) = 0

For most implicit functions, there is no formula which define


them explicitly, that is, finding the value of z corresponding to
the values of x and y requiring a numerical solution of the
equation.
Even when such a formula may exist, one must often restrict
the domain of definition and the range to have a well defined
function.
Advanced Engineering Mathematics Week 2 L5: 1 / 10
Implicit differentiation for functions of one variable
Recall in MATH141:
When y is defined implicitly with the variable x by an equation
F (x, y ) = 0, it is assumed that y is a function of x.

dy
Finding when y is defined implicitly:
dx
Treat y as an unspecified function of x, That is, y = f (x),
where f is “unknown”.
Differentiate both sides of the equation. Use chain rule for
every term involving “y ” and watch for the need to use the
product rule and quotient rule.
dy
Solve the equation for dx .

This technique applies to partial differentiation of functions of


several variables by holding all but one independent variables
constant!
Advanced Engineering Mathematics Week 2 L5: 2 / 10
Example
dy
Find if y = f (x) is defined implicitly by x 2 + y 2 = 4.
dx

dy x
Ans: =−
dx y

Advanced Engineering Mathematics Week 2 L5: 3 / 10


Example
∂z
Find if z = f (x, y ) is defined implicitly by x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4.
∂x

∂y x
Ans: =−
∂x z

Advanced Engineering Mathematics Week 2 L5: 4 / 10


Example
The equation yz − ln z = x + y defines z as a function of x and y
∂z
implicitly. Find ∂x .

Solution: z is an implicit (unspecified) function of x and y


∂z
To find ∂x , we differentiate partially w.r.t x term by term on both
sides of the equation while holding y constant,

∂ ∂ ∂x ∂y
(yz) − (ln z) = +
∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x
∂z 1 ∂z
=⇒ y − =1+0
∂x z ∂x
∂z
Now, we solve for from the above equation.
∂x

Advanced Engineering Mathematics Week 2 L5: 5 / 10


Rearranging the equation:
 
1 ∂z
y− =1
z ∂x

∂z 1 z
=⇒ = =
∂x y − 1/z yz − 1

∂z
can be found in the same way:
∂y

∂z (1 − z) z(1 − z)
= =
∂y y − 1/z yz − 1

Advanced Engineering Mathematics Week 2 L5: 6 / 10


Example
Differentiate the following expressions with respect to x, where z is
a function of x and y :

∂
1 x 2y 2
∂x (x y ) = 2xy

∂ ∂z
2 yz ∂x (yz) = y ∂x

∂ ∂z ∂
3 ze z ∂x (z e z ) = ∂x · e z + z ∂x (e z )

∂z ∂z
= ∂x · e z + ze z · ∂x

∂ ∂ ∂
z 2 sin x z 2 sin x = 2 + z 2 ∂x

∂x (z ) sin x (sin x)
4
∂x

∂z
= 2z ∂x sin x + z 2 cos x

Advanced Engineering Mathematics Week 2 L5: 7 / 10


Example
∂z
Find ∂x if z(x, y ) is defined by the equation
z e + z sin x + yz = x 2 y .
z 2

Solution:

Differentiate both sides term by term with respect to x while


holding y constant, bearing in mind that z is a function of x and y .

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ 2
(z e z ) + z 2 sin x +

(yz) = (x y )
∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x

We could see that the partial differentiation of each term was


carried out in the previous example so we could use the results
directly.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics Week 2 L5: 8 / 10


Plugging all partial derivatives
∂z z ∂z ∂z ∂z
· e + ze z · + 2z sin x + z 2 cos x + y = 2xy
∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x
∂z
Collecting the terms involving ∂x on one side of the equation:

∂z z
(e + ze z + 2z sin x + y )
∂x
= 2xy − z 2 cos x
∂z
Solving for ∂x :

∂z 2xy − z 2 cos x
= z
∂x e + ze z + 2z sin x + y
Similarly, using the exercises in the next slide we could obtain

∂z x2 − z
= z
∂y e + ze z + 2z sin x + y

Advanced Engineering Mathematics Week 2 L5: 9 / 10


Exercise
Differentiate the following with respect to y , where z = f (x, y ):
1 x 2y
∂ 2
∂y (x y ) = x2
2 yz
∂ ∂z
∂y (yz) = z + y ∂y

3 ze z
∂ z ∂z ∂z
∂y (ze ) = ∂y · e z + ze z · ∂y

4 z 2 sin x
∂ 2 ∂z
∂y (z sin x) = 2z ∂y sin x

Advanced Engineering Mathematics Week 2 L5: 10 / 10

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy