Tutorial 5

Q1. A transformer feeder AB is fed at A at 33kV where the three-phase fault level is 1000MVA.
The protection at the A end comprises 500/5A CTs and overcurrent IDMT relays. The
transformer at the B end is rated at 20MVA, 33/11kV, leakage impedance of 10%, and is liable to
be overloaded by 30%. The impedance of the 33kV cable can be neglected. The protection on an
outgoing 11kV feeder comprises 400/5A CTs and overcurrent IDMT relays whose plug settings
are 150% and time dial settings 0.4.
3 k
The standard IDMT has the following characteristics: t = ( s)
log10 PSM
where k is the time dial setting (TDS) or time multiplier settings (TMS) and PSM is the multiples
of plug setting or multiples of current tap setting.
• Calculate the fault level MVA at the 11kV busbar and the operating time of the protection at
the 11kV side for 3-phase faults at F1;
• Calculate the plug setting of the 33kV protection which will keep the plug setting multiplier
less than 20 by as small a margin as possible for three-phase fault at point B and its time
setting multiplier to give a 0.5s discrimination time with the 11kV relays for three-phase fault
at F1;
• Check that the 33kV relays will not operate when the feeder is at 30% overload.
Fault Current
PSM=
Current tap setting
tclear=ttrip+tbreaker
1
Solution: A
B

500/5 20MVA 400/5

33/11kV 150%
10% 0.4 F1

Z1 Z2
Supply Transformer
Using 100MVA base.
Vpu2 1
Supply impedance: 1000MVA fault level=1000/100=10 pu  Z1 = = = 0.1 pu
S pu 10
100
Transformer impedance: Z 2 = 0.1  = 0.5 pu
20
Impedance to fault: Z f = Z1 + Z 2 = 0.6 pu
pu = 1.6667pu = 1.6667  100 = 166.67 MVA ( I f , pu = S f , pu , if V pu = 1)
1
Hence, fault level =
0.6
100  106
At 11kV: I base = = 5249 A  I f = 5249  1.6667 = 8748 A
3  11  10 3
 S f = 3VLL I f = 3  11kV  8.748kA 
 
= 14.58  
fault current 8748 80 =166.67 MVA
With PS = 150%: PSM = =
pickup current 5  1.5
3 k 3  0.4
Operating time = = = 1.03 s (TMS=0.4) tclear=ttrip+tbreakerttrip
log10 PSM log10 14.58
2
 1000  106
At B, fault level = 1000MVA = 3  VLL I F  IF = = 17495A
3  33  10 3

17495 (500 : 5) so choose x=175% or the plug setting or

PSM =  20  x  1.7495
5 x pick-up current setting is 175%*5=8.75A.

Fault at outgoing 11kV feeder at F1 will give current at 33KV side:

8748
IF = A  PSM =
(8748 3) / (500 : 5) = 3.333  t = 3k = ( 5.739k ) s
3 8.75 log10 3.333
1.53
Required t = 1.03 + 0.5 = 1.53 s  TDS = TMS = k = = 0.267
5.739
(time dial setting for the relay at A)

• Check that the 33kV relays will not operate when the feeder is at 30% overload.
20  106
I FL = = 350A At 30% overload:  I OL = 350  1.3 = 455A
3  33  103

455 A (500 : 5) = 4.55 A  8.75 A OK, no tripping.

IF=8748A

3 k
t= ( s)
log10 PSM 3
Q2 An 11kV busbar has two identical, parallel incoming feeders supplying it.
Each feeder has an overcurrent protection system which comprises 1000/5A
current transformers connected to standard IDMT relays. Both relays have
plug settings (PS) of 1.5 (150%) and time multiplier settings (TMS) of 0.4.
One of several outgoing lines supplied from the busbar has a protection
system consisting of a 400/5A current transformer and a standard IDMT
relay with plug setting of 1.75 (175%) and TMS of 0.3. All the relays are
rated at 5A. 3 k
The IDMT relay has the following characteristics: t= ( s)
log10 PSM
where k is the time dial setting (TDS) or time multiplier settings (TMS) and
PSM is the multiples of plug setting or multiples of current tap setting.
For a 250MVA three-phase fault on the outgoing line from the busbar,
determine the time margin of operation between the two sets of protection
for each of the following situations: B
1000/5A
C

PS=150%
• only one of the incoming feeders is TMS=0.4
used from the supply to the busbar.
• when both feeders are used from the 11kV busbar

supply to the busbar – assume that

the parallel feeders share the current A 400/5A
PS=175%
equally. TMS=0.3

250MVA fault
250M
If = = 13.12kA
3  11k 4
Solution:
B C
One incoming feeder used: 1000/5A
PS=150%
Relay A: TMS=0.4

Rated current = 5A, PS=175% 11kV busbar

Hence, pick-up current = 5  1.75 = 8.75 A A 400/5A

PS=175%

Fault current through CT: (13.12  10 ) 

5
(S )
TMS=0.3
3
= 164A = 3VLL I f
400 f
164
Hence PSM = = 18.7 250MVA fault
8.75 If =
250M
= 13.12kA
3  0.3 3  11k
Tripping time : t = = 2.36  0.3 = 0.71s
log10 18.7 3 k
t= ( s)
Relay B: log10 PSM
(
Fault current through CT: 13.12  10 
3
) 5
1000
= 65.6A

Pick-up current = 5  1.5 = 7.5 A

65.6 tclear=ttrip+tbreakerttrip
Hence PSM = = 8.75
7.5
3  0.4 ?
Tripping time : t= = 3.19  0.4 = 1.27 s
log8.75 t
Hence, time margin= 1.27 − 0.71 = 0.56 s
t0 t1 t2 5
If both incoming feeders are used:
65.6
Fault current through B or C at the secondary side: = 32.8A
32.8 2
Hence PSM = = 4.373
7.5
3 k
3  0.4 t= ( s)
Tripping time: t = = 4.68  0.4 = 1.87s log10 PSM
log 4.373

Hence, time margin = 1.87 − 0.71 = 1.16 s

B C
1000/5A
PS=150%
TMS=0.4

11kV busbar

A 400/5A
PS=175%
TMS=0.3

250MVA fault
250M
If = = 13.12kA
3  11k