CLARENDON COLLEGE INC.

Odiong, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro

Tel: (043) 289-7056 / clarchsdept@gmail.com
DAILY DETAILED LESSON PLAN
School Clarendon College Inc. Grade Level Grade 11
Teacher Ma. Carla T. Fernandez Learning Area Statistics and Probability
Time & Date 1:00 - 2:00 pm Quarter Fourth Quarter

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of tests of hypotheses on the population mean and population proportion.

B. Performance Standards The learner is able to perform appropriate tests of hypotheses involving the population mean and population proportion to make inferences in
real-life problems in different disciplines.

C. Learning At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able:

Competencies/Objectives 1. Illustrates:
(Write the LC code)
(a) null hypothesis

(b) alternative hypothesis

(c) level of significance

(d) rejection region; and

(e) types of errors in hypothesis testing (M11/12SP-IVa-1)

2. construct null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis from the given statement.

II. CONTENT Basic Concepts of Hypothesis Testing

III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References Statistics and Probability
1. Teacher’s Guide pages
2. Learner’s Materials
pages
3. Textbook pages pp. 200 - 206
4. Additional Materials from
Learning Resources (LR)
portal
 B. Other Learning PowerPoint, realia and Laptop
Resources

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Response

IV. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES
1. Prayer Before anything else, let's start it with a prayer. Who is Our Father, who art …

our assigned prayer today?

2. Greetings Good morning, class! Good morning, Ma'am

How are you today? We're good, we're fine!

3. Classroom management Before you take your seat, please arrange your chairs

properly. Pick up the garbage under your chair and

throw it in the trash can.

As we proceed with our discussion, let me remind you

of our rules.

1. Raise your hands if you want to answer.

2. No shouting and yelling Yes, Ma’am

3. No using of gadgets unless it is necessary and

emergency

4. Respect each other.

Did you understand?

4. Checking of attendance Do we have an absentees today? We don’t have absentees for today
(Our absentees for today are…)
V. PROCEDURES
A. Reviewing previews lesson Before proceeding to our next lesson, let’s have a short game
or presenting the new entitled “Crack the Code.”
lesson The mechanic of the game is you have to find the mean,
mode or median of the given set of data and find the letter which is
 equivalent to your answer. So you will form a word or phrase from it.
Is it clear? Yes, Ma’am.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ H Y P O T H E S I S T E S T I N G
1 2 3 4 8 1 5 7 6 7 8 5 7 8 6 9 10 1 2 3 4 8 1 5 76 7 8 5 7 8 6 9 10

1. Find the mean of 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 1. 7

2. What is the square root of 625? 2. 25
3. Find the total number of possible samples of size of 2 from a 3. 28
population size of 8.
4. Find the range of the data set 8,6, 11, 20, 28, 16, 30 4. 24
5. What is 20% of 630? 5. 126
6. The is the first quartile in 3,6,9,12,15,18? 6. 6
7. What is the median of the data set 30, 22, 25, 11, 15, 18? 7. 20
8. What is the mode of the data set 9,6, 3, 3, 7,8, 9, 10, 9? 8. 9
9. The product of 18 and 16 divided by 3. 9. 96
10. Solve the population standard deviation if the variance is 49. 10. 49

A. 8 J. 10 S. 20
B. 125 K. 26 T. 9
C. 89 L. 98 U. 1
D. √9 M. √ 100 V. 3
E. 126 N. 96 W. 13 2
F. √5
3
O. 24 X. 25 2
G. 49 P. 28 Y. 25
H. 7 Q. 26 Z. √ 36
I. 6 R. 35

B. Establishing a purpose to At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able:
the lesson. 1. Illustrates:

(a) null hypothesis

(b) alternative hypothesis

(c) level of significance

 (d) rejection region; and

(e) types of errors in hypothesis testing (M11/12SP-IVa-1)

2. construct null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis from the

given statement.

C. Presenting Before we start the discussion about hypothesis, let me

examples/instances of the present to you a short trivia.
new lesson. The term hypothesis came from a Greek word “hupothesis”
which means “foundation.” The word “hupo” means “under” while
the word “thesis”means “placing.” The plural of “hypothesis” is
“hypotheses.”
When we say hypothesis, what comes into your mind? An assumption Ma’am.
Yes, that’s right!
When we say hypothesis, it is an assumption or conjecture
about a population parameter which may or may not be true.
It is an educated guess that can be tested. It is a tentative
explanation,a claim, or assertion about people,objects, or events.
For example:
1. The mean grade of Engineering students of ABC University
enrolled in Calculus II is 1.85.
2. There is no significant difference in the proportion of
consumers who purchased Brand A tooth paste before and after
the advertising campaign in the television station.
3. There is no significance difference between the mean
performance of ABC University and XYZ University in the June and
December Dental Board Examinations.
Those three statements can be answered by using our two
hypothesis, the null and alternative hypothesis testing.
So let’s first know what is a null hypothesis.

Can you read what is null hypothesis? A null hypothesis is the statement,claim or conjecture to be
tested. It denoted by Ho.
The capital H stands for hypothesis and the subscript 0 implies An error is a mistake or failure.
“zero difference” or “no difference.” This is usually designated by
“not” or “no” term in the null hypothesis which means there is no
change.

Let’s refer to the given sample questions:

“The mean grade of Engineering students of ABC University
enrolled in Calculus II is 1.85.”
The null hypothesis/ H0 for the would be: “The mean grade of
Engineering students of ABC University enrolled in Calculus II is
1.85.” The null hypothesis (H0) can be written as:
H 0 : μ= 1.85
For the second question, the null hypothesis can be stated as:
“There is no significant difference in the proportion of consumers
who purchased Brand A tooth paste before and after the
advertising campaign in the television station.”
Thus, the null hypothesis is formulated for the purpose of
either accepting or rejecting the statement. The null hypothesis is
accepted if the sample data failed to offer a convincing evidence
that is false. The null hypothesis represents no practical change
between the variables compared. This can be expresses in any of
these three possible forms:
H 0 : μ= some value
H 0 : μ ≥ some value
H 0 : μ≤ some value
On the other hand, Alternative Hypothesis is the claim that is
accepted when the null hypothesis is rejected. From the word
itself, it is the alternative of the null hypothesis. It is also known as
“research hypothesis.” The symbol H a, read as H sub a, stands for
alternative hypothesis.
Let’s look for the given research questions.
The alternative hypothesis for the first research question
would be: “ The mean grade of Engineering students of ABC
University enrolled in Calculus II is less than or greater than 1.85
or H a : μ<1.85∨H a : μ> 1.85.
The alternative hypothesis will be accepted if the sample
provides an evidence that the null hypothesis is false. In short, the
rejection of null hypothesis implies that the alternative hypothesis
is accepted. This can be expressed in any of these three possible
forms:
 H a : μ ≠ some values
H a : μ< some values
H a : μ>¿some values
Next we have the types of errors. When we say error, what
does it means?
Aside from that, error is one of the many things man is afraid
to commit. In hypothesis testing there is also a possibility of
committing an error in deciding whether to accept or reject the
null hypothesis.
Fact
Decision
H0 is true H0 is false
Accept H0 Correct decision Type II Error
Reject H0 Type I Error Correct Decision
Based on the table, incorrect decision occurs if either a true
null hypothesis is rejected or a false null hypothesis is accepted.
Then we have the:
1. Type I Error: This type of error rejects the null hypothesis
when in fact it is true. Type I error is also known as alpha ( α ¿
2. Type II Error: This type of error fails to reject the null
hypothesis when in fact it is false. Type II error is also known as
beta ( β ) error.
For example:
H0: The mean weight of the students is at least 50 kg.
Ha: The mean weight of students is less than 50 kg.
Suppose the null hypothesis is true. If the researchers
concluded that the mean weight of the students is less than 50 kg
( rejecting the null hypothesis), then they commit a Type I error.
Suppose the null hypothesis is false. If the researchers
concluded that the mean weight of the students is at least 50 kg
( not rejecting/accepting the null hypothesis), then they commit a
Type II error.
Let’s proceed to the definition of level of significance.
Significance is defined as the quality of being statistically
significant.
Level of significance - It is denoted by alpha or (α ¿ refers to
the degree of significance which we accept or reject the null
hypothesis.
The choice of level of significance depends on the statistician
or researcher who is willing to commit a type I error. Statisticians
 commonly use 1%, 5% or 10% for convenience as limits for how
unlikely a value of mean x , they will tolerate before rejecting the
hypothesis. Using 0.05 level of significance in testing hypothesis
implies that the probability of accepting to commit an error in
rejecting the null hypothesis is 5%, but the researcher is 95% sure
that the decision made is correct.
The significance level (α ) of a hypothesis test is defined as
the probability of committing a type I error. On the other hand,
the probability of committing a type II error (β ) is the probability
of accepting a false null hypothesis.

Let us set our significance level at 5%, that is, α = 0.05. The,
we choose the cutoff point, which is the critical region, so that H 0
is true, only 5% of the possible x - value are less than the critical
region.
Now let’s proceed to the one - tailed and two tailed test.
One - tailed and two - tailed tests
The use of one - tailed test or a two - tailed test depends on
the way the alternative hypothesis was formulated.
A one - tailed test is used when the alternative hypothesis is
directional. It means that the value of the measures is either
greater than or less than the other measure.
A one - tailed is:
a. is a hypothesis test where the rejection region lies at only one
tail of the distribution;
b. It can be classified as left - tailed test or right - tailed test.
 Use the left - tailed test if the population mean (μ) is less than
the specified value of the population mean (μ0 ) and express the
alternative hypothesis as μ< μ0 .
 Use the right - tailed test if the population mean (μ) is greater
than the specified value of the population mean (μ0 ) alternative
hypothesis as μ> μ0 .
On the other hand, a two - tailed test is used when the
alternative hypothesis is non - directional, which means that the
values of two measures of the same kind are not equal.
A two - tailed test is:
a. It has a not equal sign (≠) in the alternative hypothesis. If the
population mean (μ) is not equal to the specified value of μ0 ,
then the alternative hypothesis can be expressed as μ ≠ μ 0.
b. It is a hypothesis test where the rejection region lies on the
both end tails of the distribution, one on the left and one on the
right.
c. The alpha level (α ) is also divided into two equal parts, half on
the left and one on the right side because the rejection region
will be at both ends.
The critical values of z in hypothesis are listed below.
Type of Test
One - tailed test Two - tailed
Level of
test
Significance
Left - tailed Right - Tailed Both Left and
Right Tailed
α = 0.05 z <¿- 1.645 z >¿-1.645 z >¿ 1.96 or
z <¿- 1.96
α = 0.01 z <¿- 2.33 z >¿2.33 z >¿ 2.575 or
z <¿- 2.575
α = 0.10 z <¿- 1.28 z >¿1.28 z >¿ 1.645 or
z <¿- 1.645

When the computed value of z lies within the area of the

rejection region, reject the null hypothesis.
The following terms are the terminologies you need to know
in testing hypothesis.
1. Test Statistics. This is used as a basis for deciding whether
the null hypothesis should be rejected.
2. Rejection region. This is a set of values of the test statistic
that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis.
3. Non - Rejection region. This is the set of values of the rest
statistic that leads to acceptance of the null hypothesis.
 4. Critical value. This is the set of values of the test statistic that
separates the rejection and non - rejection regions.
The following curves show the critical value at different levels of
significance.
D. Discussing new concepts Try with a friend!
and practicing new skills # A teacher wants to test if college students take less than five
1 years to graduate from college, on the average. When will a Type I
and Type II errors occur?
First, what is our null hypothesis and our alternative hypothesis? H0: College students take at least 5 years to graduate from college.
Ha: College students take less than 5 years to graduate from college.
When will our Type I error occur? Type I error occurs when the college students take at least 5 years
to graduate, but the teacher concluded that it is less than 5 years.
Rejecting the true null hypothesis.

How about the Type II error? When will it occur? Type II error occurs when the college students take less than 5 years
to graduate, but the teacher concluded that it is at least 5 years.
E. Discussing new concepts Find the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis of:
and practicing new skills # We want to test if the average height of 9 th graders is 70 inches.
2 H0: The average height of 9th graders is 70 inches.
Ha: The average height of 9th graders is not equal to 70 inches.
F. Developing Mastery (Leads Group Activity.
to formative assessment 3) Try This!
Direction: Formulate null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.
 1. A manufacturer of ethyl alcohol has developed a new H0 : The average reduction of production expenses of the new packaging
packaging design. He claims that the new packaging design has an average design of ethyl alcohol is Php 5.00.
reduction of production expenses of Php5.00 per bottle. In symbol, H0 : μ = 5

Ha:The average reduction of production expenses of the new packaging design

of ethyl alcohol is less than Php 5.00.
In symbol, Ha : μ < 5

2. A manufacturer of face mask has developed a new face mask H0:The average profit increase of the new face mask design is 10%.
design. He claims that the new design has an average profit increase of 10%. In symbol, H0 : μ = 1 0 %

Ha:The average profit increase of the new face mask design is not 10%.
In symbol, Ha : μ ≠ 1 0 %

3. The mean number of hours of student to finish answering the Statistics H0: The mean number of hours of student to finish answering the Statistics
Module is 5 hours. Module is 5 hours.
In symbol, H0 : μ = 5
Ha: The mean number of hours of student to finish answering the Statistics
Module is greater than 5 hours.
In symbol, Ha : μ > 5

4. A rural health unit conducted a survey on the heights of the male

H0: The mean height of male aged 18 to 24 years old was 70 inches.
aged 18 to 24years old. It was found out that the mean height of male aged
In symbol, H0 : μ > 7 0
18 to 24 years old was 70inches.
Ha: The mean height of male aged 18 to 24 years old was not 70 inches.

In symbol, Ha : μ ≠ 7 0

G. Finding practical Where and when can we apply the concept of hypothesis
application of concepts and testing? We can use it in research paper, Ma’am.
skills in daily living. Yes, we ca use it in research making, especially in medical
research. Clinical trials often use hypothesis to determine whether a
new treatment is more effective than an existing one. For example,
suppose a pharmaceutical company has developed a new drug to
treat a particular illness. In that case, they must conduct a clinical
trial to determine whether the drug is effective and safe for human
 use. Hypothesis testing can be used to compare the effectiveness of
the new drug with the existing treatment.
Hypothesis testing can also be used in market research and
environmental research.
H. Making Generalization and Let’s have a short recap of our discussion.
Abstraction about the It is educated guess that can be tested. It is a tentative
lesson. explanation,a claim, or assertion about people,objects, or events. It is a hypothesis, Ma’am.

What is a statement,claim or conjecture to be tested. It

denoted by Ho.
This is usually designated by “not” or “no” term in the null
hypothesis which means there is no change. It is a null hypothesis, Ma’am.

It is the claim that is accepted when the null hypothesis is

rejected. An alternative hypothesis.

_____________is formulated for the purpose of either

accepting or rejecting the statement. Null hypothesis!

What is the symbol we use in null hypothesis? We used the symbol H0.
How about in alternative hypothesis? We used the symbol Ha.

This type of error fails to reject the null hypothesis when in

fact it is false. Type II error is also known as beta ( β ) error. The Type II error.

This type of error rejects the null hypothesis when in fact it is It is the Type I error.
true. Type I error is also known as alpha (α ¿.

It is denoted by alpha or (α ¿ refers to the degree of

significance which we accept or reject the null hypothesis. The significance level.

______________ is defined as the quality of being statistically

significant. That is the significance, Ma’am.

Always remember that the significance level (α ) of a

hypothesis test is defined as the probability of committing a type I
error. On the other hand, the probability of committing a type II
error (β ) is the probability of accepting a false null hypothesis.

What is test used when the alternative hypothesis is

 directional. It means that the value of the measures is either greater
than or less than the other measure. The one - tailed test Ma’am.

How about when the alternative hypothesis is non - directional,

which means that the values of two measures of the same kind are We use the two - tailed test Ma’am.
not equal.

It is a hypothesis test where the rejection region lies on the both

end tails of the distribution, one on the left and one on the right The two - tailed test.

On the other hand, one tailed test is a hypothesis test where

the rejection region lies at only one tail of the distribution.

And always remember the:

1. Test Statistics. This is used as a basis for deciding whether the
null hypothesis should be rejected.
2. Rejection region. This is a set of values of the test statistic that
leads to rejection of the null hypothesis.
3. Non - Rejection region. This is the set of values of the rest statistic
that leads to acceptance of the null hypothesis.
4. Critical value. This is the set of values of the test statistic that
separates the rejection and non - rejection regions.

Is it clear class? Yes, Ma’am!

I. Evaluate Learning Direction: Read the it carefully and write the letter of the best
answer in your notebook.
1. It is a process in making decisions in evaluating claims about a
population.
A. Null hypothesis B. Alternative hypothesis
C. Test statistic D. Hypothesis testing
2. It is tested by a statistical test.
A. Null hypothesis B. Alternative hypothesis
C. Test statistic D. Hypothesis testing
3. It is chosen when the parameter is larger than or smaller than the
value of the null hypothesis.
A. two-sided test B. one-sided test
C. Parametric test D. Non-parametric test
4. This assumes that there is change, difference, relationship, or the
independent variable has an effect on the dependent variable.
A. Null hypothesis B. Alternative hypothesis
 C. Test statistic D. Hypothesis testing
5. This assumes that there is no change, no difference, no
relationship, or the independent variable has no effect on
the dependent variable.
A. Null hypothesis B. Alternative hypothesis
C. Test statistic D. Hypothesis testing
6. Null and alternative hypotheses are statements about:
A. population parameters. B. sample statistics.
C. sample parameters. D. it depends sometimes population
parameters and sometimes sample
statistics.

J. Additional activities for

Application or Remediation
VI. REMARKS
VII. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who earned
80% in the Evaluation
B. No. learners who require
additional activities for
remediation who scored
below 80%
C. Did the remedial work? No.
of learners who have
caught up with the lesson
D. No. of learners who
continue to require
remediation

Prepared by: Checked by:

MA. CARLA T. FERNANDEZ Ms. ANGELICA F. SONIEL, LPT

Practice Teacher Cooperating Teacher