Page 1 of 4 CPP - SANKALP_FUNCTION-1 PH-V

CPP
FUNCTION: SHEET – 1
(Relations, Types of Relations: Empty, universal, inverse, identity etc.,
Classification of relations, Reflexive transitive, symmetric, and equivalence)

LEVEL - I
1. i) A relation from P to Q is------ of P × Q .
ii) If A and B are two sets, then A × B = B × A iff ……….. .

2. i) If R is a relation from a finite set A having m elements to a finite set B having n elements, then find the
number of relations from A to B
ii) Let n(A) = n. Then find the number of all relations on A .

3. i) Given two finite sets A and B such that n(A) = 2, n(B) = 3. Then find total number of relations from A to
B.
ii) Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then find the total number of distinct relations that can be defined over A .
iii) If A  {1, 2, 3, 4} ; B  {a, b} and f is a mapping such that f : A  B , then find A  B .

4. i) The relation R defined on the set of natural numbers as {(a, b) : a differs from b by 3}, is given by
(a) {(1, 4, (2, 5), (3, 6),.....} (b) {(4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3),.....}
(c) {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9),..} (d) None of these

ii) Let A = {1,2,3 … ,14}. Define a relation R from A to A by R = {(x,y) : 3x-y = 0, where x,y A }. Write down
its domain, codomain and range

5. Let X  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and Y  {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} . Which of the following is/are relations from X to Y
(a) R1  {(x, y) | y  2  x, x  X, y  Y} (b) R2  {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 3), (4, 3), (5, 5)}
(c) R3  {(1, 1), (1, 3)(3, 5), (3, 7), (5, 7)} (d) R 4  {(1, 3), (2, 5), (2, 4), (7, 9)}

6. (i) A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 8}, then evaluate

(a) (AB) × (AB) (b)(A – B) × (AB)

ii) If A, B and C are any three sets, then A × (BC) is equal to

(a) (A × B)  (A × C) (b) (AB) × (AC)
(c) (A × B)  (A × C) (d) None of these

7. i) If A = { 1,2 } then find A3

ii) If R represent set of all real numbers then describe R2 and R3

8. i) If A  {x : x2  5x  6  0}, B  {2, 4}, C  {4, 5}, then find A  (B  C) ?

ii) If n(A)  4 , n(B)  3 , n(A  B  C)  24 , then evaluate n(C)?
iii) The Cartesian product AxA has 9 elements among which are found (-1 ,0) and (0 ,1) . Find the set A and
the remaning elements of AxA .
iv) IfA = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; B = {2, 3, 6, 7}. Then find the number of elements in (A × B)  (B × A) ?
v) If two sets A and B are having 99 elements in common, then find the number of elements common to
each of the sets A  B and B  A ?

 x 2, 0  x  3  x2 , 0  x  2
9. The relation f is defined by f(x)   and the relation g is defined by g(x)   .
3x, 3  x  10 3x, 2  x  10
Prove that f is a function but g is not a function.

10. Let f be a subset of Z x Z defined by f = {(ab, a+b) : a , b Z } . Is f a function from Z to Z ? Justify your answer

LEVEL - II

1. i) The relation R defined on a set A is anti symmetric if (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R for

(a) Every (a, b)  R (b) No (a, b)  R
(c) No (a, b), a  b,  R (d) None of these

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Page 2 of 4 CPP - SANKALP_FUNCTION-1 PH-V
ii) Let R = {(a, a)} be a relation on a set A. Then R is
(a) Symmetric (b) Anti symmetric
(c) Symmetric and antisymmetric (d) Neither symmetric nor anti-symmetric

iii) Find the number of reflexive relations of a set with 4 elements?

iv) Let R be a reflexive relation on a finite set A having n-elements, and let there be m ordered pairs in R.
Then verify m  n .

v) Let R be a reflexive relation on a set A and I be the identity relation on A. Then verify R  I .

vi) The void relation on a set A is Symmetric and transitive,verify ?

vii) Let R be an equivalence relation on a finite set A having n elements. Then the number of ordered pairs in
R is Greater than or equal to n, verify ?

2. Write down relation R in roster form and also find domain, range and codomain in each case.
i) A relation R is defined from {2, 3, 4, 5} to {3, 6, 7, 10} by xRy  x is relatively prime to y. .
ii) Let R be a relation on N defined by xRy  x  2y  8 .
iii)Let P  {(x, y) | x 2  y 2  1, x, y  R} . Then P is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric
(c) Transitive (d) Anti-symmetric
2 2
iv) If R  {(x, y) | x, y  Z, x  y  4} is a relation in Z
v) Let R be a relation from N to N defined by R = {(a, b): a, b N and a=b2}.Are the following true ?
(a) (a, a) R, for all aN (b)) (a, b) R implies (b, a) for all(b, a)R
(c)(a, b) R, (b,c) R implies(a, c) R .
Justify your answer in each case.
vi) Let R = {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 2)} and S = {(2, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3)} be two relations on set A = {1, 2, 3}. Then find
RoS .

In Questions (3-7),Verify which of the following relations are Reflexive,Symmetric, Transitive, equivalence or
Anti-symmetric .
3. A be the non-void set of the children in a family. The relation x is a brother of y on A .

4. L denote the set of all straight lines in a plane. Let a relation R be defined by R    , ,   L

5. i) The relation "is subset of" on the power set P(A) of a set A .
ii) X be a family of sets and R be a relation on X defined by ‘A is disjoint from B’.

6. (i) R = {(1, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (2, 3), (3, 1)} be a relation on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4}.
(ii) A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R be a relation in A given by R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 1), (1, 3)}.
(iii) Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and let R= {(2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (1, 2)} be a relation on A.

7. i) In the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, a relation R is defined by R = {(x, y)| x, y  A and x<y}.
ii) The relation “less than or equal to” in the set of natural numbers.
iii) Let W denotes the words in the English dictionary. Define the relation R by:
R= {(x,y)  W  W the words x and y have at least one letter in common}
iv) Let R be a relation of the set of integers given by aRb  a=2k.b for some integer k.

8. Which one of the following relations on R is an equivalence relation

(a) a R1 b | a || b | (b) aR2b  a  b
(c) aR3b  a divides b (d) aR 4b  a  b

9. i) Given the relation R = {(2,3),(3,4)} on the set {2,3,4}. Find the number of minimum number of ordered
pairs to be added to R so that R is reflexive and symmetric.
ii) Given the relation R={(1,2),(2,3)} on the set A={1,2,3},Find the minimum number of ordered pairs which
when added to R make it an equivalence relation.

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Page 3 of 4 CPP - SANKALP_FUNCTION-1 PH-V
In Questions (10-13),Verify which of the following relations are Reflexive,Symmetric,Transitive,equivalence
or Anti-symmetric .
10. i) R be a relation over the set N × N and it is defined by (a, b)R(c, d)  a  d  b  c.
ii) R be a relation on the set N be defined by {(x, y)| x, yN, 2x + y = 41}.

11. i) For real numbers x and y, we write xRy x  y  2 is an irrational number.

ii) x 2  xy is a relation on set of real numbers.

12 R be the relation on the set R of all real numbers defined by a R biff| a  b | 1 .

13 Sbe the set of all real numbers. Then the relation R = {(a, b) : 1 + ab> 0} on S

14. i) Let R and S be two equivalence relations on a set A. Then

(a) R S is an equivalence relation on A (b) RS is an equivalence relation on A
(c) R  S is an equivalence relation on A (d) None of these

ii) Let R and S be two relations on a set A. Then

(a) R and S are transitive, then RS is also transitive
(b) R and S are transitive, thenR S is also transitive
(c) R and S are reflexive, then R S is also reflexive
(d) R and S are symmetric then RS is also symmetric

15. i) Let a relation R be defined by R = {(4, 5), (1, 4), (4, 6), (7, 6); (3, 7)} then find R 1oR ?
ii) The relation R is defined on the set of natural numbers as {(a, b) :a = 2b}. Then R 1 is given by
(a) {(2, 1), (4, 2), (6, 3).....} (b) {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6)....}
(c) R 1 is not defined (d) None of these

16. i) If R is an equivalence relation on a set A, then R 1 is

(a) Reflexive only (b) Symmetric but not transitive
(c) Equivalence (d) None of these
ii) Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 3, 5}. If relation R from A to B is given by R ={(1, 3), (2, 5), (3, 3)}. Then find R 1 .
iii) R is a relation from {11, 12, 13} to {8, 10, 12} defined by y  x  3 . Then find R 1 .

17. i) If R be a relation “less than” from A = {1,2, 3, 4} to B = {1, 3, 5} i.e., (a, b)  R  a  b, then find RoR1 .
ii) If R  A  B and S  B  C be two relations, then (SoR)1  R 1oS 1 verify.

18. R is a relation over the set of real numbers and it is given by nm  0 . Then R is equivalence, verify?

——

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Page 4 of 4 CPP - SANKALP_FUNCTION-1 PH-V
ANSWER KEY SHEET – 1

LEVEL - I
1 i) a subset
ii) A=B
2. i) 2mn
2
ii) 2n
3. i) 64
9
ii) 2
iii) {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a),(2, b) (3, a),(3, b),(4,a), (4, b)}
4. i) B
ii) Df ={1,2,3,4} ,CODOMAIN=A , Rf= {3,6,9,12}
5. B, C
6. i) a) {(1,3)(2,3)(3,3)(8,3)}
b) {(1,3)(2,3)}
ii) A
7. i) {(1,1,1),(1,1,2),(1,2,1),(2,1,1),(1,2,2),(2,1,2),(2,2,1),(2,2,2)}.
ii) a plane ,space.
8. i) {(2,4),(3,4)}
ii) 2
iii) A= {-1,0,1}, {(-1,-1),(-1,1),(0,-1),(0,0),(1,0),(1,-1),(1,1)}
iv) 4
2
v) 99
10. No, it is not a function as we may have same product for different sum of two integers.
LEVEL - II
1. i) C
ii) C
252
iii) 2
iv) true
v) false
vi) true
vii) true
2. i) R = {(2, 3), (2, 7), (3, 7), (3, 10), (4, 3), (4, 7), (5, 3), (5, 6), (5, 7)}
Domain: {2, 3, 4, 5}, Codomain: {3, 6, 7, 10}, Range: {3, 6, 7, 10}
ii) R = {(2, 3), (4, 2), (6, 1)}
Domain: {2, 4, 6}, Codomain: N, Range: {1, 2, 3}
iii) b.
iv) R = {(0, 0), (0, 1),(0, -1), (0, 2),(0, -2), (-1, 0),(-1, -1), (-1, 1),(-1 , -2), (-1, 2), (1, 0),(1, -1), (1, 1),(1 , -2), (1, 2) (-2, 0), (2,
0)}. Domain: {0, -1, 1, -2, 2}, Codomain: Z, Range: {0, -1, 1, -2, 2}
v) (a) No (b) No (c) No
vi) RoS = {(2,2), (3, 2), (2,3)}
3. transitive
4. symmetric
5. i) reflexive ,transitive
ii) symmetric, transitive
6. i) none
ii) reflexive, symmetric
iii) Transitive
7. i) transitive
ii) Reflexive, transitive
iii) Symmetric & Reflexive
iv) Equivalence
8. A
9. i) 5,{(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(3,2),(4,3)} ii) 7, {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(2,1),(3,2),(1,3),(3,1)}
10. i) equivalence
ii) only anti symmetric
11. i) reflexive only
ii) reflexive only
12. Reflexive and Symmetric
13. Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
14. i) B
ii) B, C, D
15. i) {(1, 1), (4, 4), (4, 7), (7, 4), (7, 7), (3, 3)}
ii) B
16. i) C
ii) {(3, 3), (3, 1), (5, 2)}
iii) {(8, 11), (10, 13)}
17. i) {(3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 3), (5, 5)}
ii) true
18. true

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