1.2 Types of Relations 1 Let A = (3.5). Then number of reflexive relations on A is (2 (b) 4 0 @ 8 (2023) Let R be a relation in the set N given by = 2,b> 6}. Then (b) 68ER © GER @ (24)eR — (2023) Arelation R is defined on N. Which of the following is the reflexive relation? (@) Rafe yi:x>yxyen} (b) Refi. y:xt+y=10.xyen} (©) R={(x yl:ayis the square number, x, yeN} (@) R={(x yl:x+4y=10,x,yeN} (Ferm, 2021-22) Ain ‘The number of equivalence relations in the set (1.2, 3} containing the elements (1, 2) and (2, 1) is (@) 0 (b) 1 2 (@) 3 (Term! 2021-22) A relation R is defined on Z as oRb if and only if o°~7ab + 6b?=0. Then, Ris (a) reflexive and symmetric {b) symmetric but not reflexive (C)_ transitive but not reflexive (@) reflexive but not symmetric (Term 1, 2021-22) Ad Let A = (1, 3, 5}. Then the number of equivalence relations in A containing (1, 3) is 1 (b) 2 © 3 @ 4 (2020) The relation R in the set (1, 2, 3} given by R= {(1. 2), (2, 1),(1, Dhis (a) symmetric and transitive, but not reflexive (b) reflexive and symmetric, but not transi (©) symmetric, but neither reflexiye nor transitive (d)_anequivalence relation (2020) (1 mark) 10. 1. Write the smallest reflexive relation on set A= (a, b,c). (2021) Arelation Rin asset Aiscalled__if(a,,a,)€ R implies (a;.0;)€ R, for alla;.a,€ A, (2020) Arelation ina set Ais called relation, if each element of A is related to itself. (2020) If R= {(x, y) :x + 2y = 8} is a relation on N, write the range of R. (Al 2014) aU TEM (oem hE clee eRe ati 12, 13, Let R= {(a, a*) : ais a prime number less than 5) be a relation. Find the range of R. (Foreign 2014) Let R be the equivalence relation in the set A= (0. 1.2,3,4, 5} given by R = ((o,b): 2 divides (a ~b) Write the equivalence class [0]. (Dehi 2014¢) HE 2 mars) 14. 15, Check if the relation R in the set B of real numbers defined as R = {(a, b) : a < b} is (i) symmetric, (ii transitive. (2020) Let W denote the set of words in the English dictionary. Define the relation R by R= (x,y) © Wx Wsuch that x and y have at least one letter in common}. Show that this relation but not transitive, is reflexive and symmetric, (2020) (amarks) 16. 7 18. 19. 20. 21. 22 ‘Show that the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} given by R= {(a, b): |a ~ bl is divisible by 2} is an equivalence relation, (2020) ‘Check whether the relation R defined on the set A=(1,2,3,4,5,6}as R= ((a, b) : b= a + 4} is reflexive, symmetric or transitive. (2019) Show that the relation R on the set Z of all integers, given by R= {(a,b): 2 divides (a - b)} is an equivalence relation. (2019) Show that the relation R on R defined as R = {(a,b):ab}, is reflexive and trahsitive but not symmetric. (NCERT, Delhi 2019) Show that the relation Sin the set A={. eZ:0¢x<12} given by S = {(a, b):a,b © Z, ja ~ bl is divisible by 3} is an equivalence relation. (A12019) Ay) Let A = (1, 2, 3, ... 9} and R be the relation in A x A defined by (a, b) R (c,d) ifat+d=b+c for (a, b),(c, d) in Ax A. Prove that Ris an equivalence relation. Also obtain the equivalence class [(2, 5)]. (Dethi 2014}- Let R be a relation defined on the set of numbers N as follow: ae R={ix.y)lxe Nye Nand 2x+y=24) Find the domain and range of the relation R. Also, find if Ris an equivalence relation or not. (Delhi 2014) At (5/6 marks) 23, If N denotes the set of all natural nur is the relation on N= N defined by (ac I) vo adlb + €= bela + d). Show that R is an equivalence relation, (2023, Delhi 2015)geutionsanere J tet Ax re 2:05 12).Show that R= (4, b):0,e A 24 (pt lis divisible by 411s an equvalencerelation Find set of all elements related to 1. Also write the equivalence class [2]. (2018) that the relation Rin the set A =(1, 2.3.4, 5} given 2. Pia (a,b): [0 - bis divisible by 2} s an equivalence Py ation, Write all the equivalence classes of R (Ai 2015 Cc) 43 Types of Functions oa ‘2p. Thefunction f:R— R defined by flx)= 4+ 3 cosxis (a) bijective (b) one-one but not onto {@)_ onto but not one-one (@)_ neither one-onenor onto (Term ,2021-22) An) 17, Thenumber of functions defined from {1,2,3,4,5}—> {a, b} which are one-one is a) 5 () 3 () 2 (d) 0 — (Term!, 2021-22) 96. Letf:R—> Rbe defined by f(x) = 1/x, for all x R, Then, fis (a) one-one (b) onto (©) bijective (d) not defined (Term |, 2021-22) 29, The function f: N+ Nis defined by N44 itnisodd fn) = D ifniseven 2 The function fis (a) bijective (b) one-one but not onto (0). onto but not one-one (d) neither one-one nor onto "7 (Term |, 2021-22) tv (1mark) 30. IF F= {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 1), (4, Ki} is a one-one function from set A to A, where A = {1, 2, 3, 4], then find the value of k. (2021) a CBSE Sample Questions 12 Types of Relations Lica] 1. A relation R in set A = (1, 2, 3} is defined as R= (1, 4), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 3}. Which of the follow- ing ordered pair in R shall be removed to make it an ‘equivalence relation in A? (a) (4.2) (by (4,2) © 22 @ 3,3) (Term |, 2021-22) An) (4 marks) 31. Case Study : An organization conducted bike race under two different categories ~ Boys and girls There were 28 participants in all. Among all of them, finally three from category 1 and two from category 2 were selected for the final race. Ravi forms two Sets B and G with these participants for his college project Let B = {by, by, bs} and G = (81, 82), where B represents the set of Boys selected and G the set of Girls selected for the final race. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) How many relations are possible from B to G? (ii) Among all the possible relations from B to G, how many functions can be formed from 8 to G? (ii) Let R : B > B be defined by R = {(x. y) : x and y are students of the same sex}. Check if R is an equivalence relation. OR ‘A function f; B > G be defined by f = {(by, 83), (ba. 32) (bs, g1)}- Check if fis bijective, justify your answer. (2023) Ap) 22 tet fr{-4}sm be a function defined as fx). Show that fis a one-one function. Also, 3x4 check whether fis anontofunction or not. (2023) 33. Show that the function f : (-<, 0) —» (~1, 0) defined by flx)= 5%, xe (-e,}isone-one and onto, (2020) 2. Let the relation R in the set A = {xeZ:09 6. Let f:R-> Rbe defined by f(x)=}x?,1 Ais an onto function, then show that fis one-one also. Write the domain of the relation R defined on the set Zof integers as follows : (a,b) eR a+b? =25 Let the function f : R > R be defined by fix) = cosx, xe R.Show that fis neither one-one nor onto. OR Let f: R > R be defined by f(x) = x? + 1. Find the pre-image of 17 and (-3). ‘SA I Type Questions (3marks) 12, Show that f: R° > R* defined by flx)= x is bijective, 10. 11. where R° is the set of all non zero positive real number. oR Let N be the set of natural numbers and relation Ron set N be defined by R= {(x,y):x y €N.x+ 4y = 10}. Check whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. 49. Let AnfrowenZexe3} and B= ys ye R -1.sy< 1}. Show that the function f:A— B such that flx) = sinxis bijective. Show that the function f: R-> R defined by x° + xis a bijection. 14,15. Let N be the set of all natural numbers and R be a relation in N defined by R = {(a, b) : a is a factor of b}, then show that R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric. Case Based Questions (4 marks) 16. Consider the mapping f : A — B is defined by f(x) = 4 such that fis a bijection. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) Find range of f. (ii) Ifg:R-{2}— R - {Ais defined by g(x) = 2f(x) - 1, then find the range of g(x). (LA Type Questions (4/6 marks) 17. mis said to be related ton if mand nare integers and m-nisdivisible by 13. Does this define an equivalence relation? 48. Classify the following functions as injective, surjective or bijective. 49: 20. (i) f:R— Rdefined by f(x) (ii) f:R— R defined by f(x) = in2x + cos*x If A = (4, 2, 3, 4}, define relations on A which have properties of being : | (i) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric. (ii) symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive. (iii) reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Show that the function f: R—> R such that foy={ bifxisrational, © |-Lif xisirrational is many one and not onto. Find (i) (5) Gi) FZ) (ii) Fe) (iv) F(2+ V3) OR Show that : (i) the exponential function f : R + R defined by f(x) = e* is one-one but not onto. (ii) the logarithmic function f : R* + R defined by f(x) = log, x, a > 0,a # Lis a bijective function.