CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Studying meaning is essentially studying every choice words can be understood.

Words have meanings that distinguish between words one in other words. The
difference in words is seen from the relationship of meaning between sentence. The
meaning in a good sentence is seen from the accuracy of the selection say. Words can be
said to be clear when they are used in sentences.

The clarity of meaning in a sentence is influenced by the choice of good and appropriate
words so that each word can be understood its meaning. The meaning of the word is made as
precise as possible to avoid misunderstanding of the meaning in the use of the word. Every
word has meaning denotation and connotation. The denotative meaning is called the real
meaning. while the connotative meaning is called the untrue meaning.

1.2 Formulation of the problem

The formulation of the problem of this paper is :

1. What does denotative mean?

2. What are the denotative characteristics?

3. What is the difference between Denotative and Connotative?

1.3 Writing Purpose

The purpose of writing this paper is

1. Understanding the Definition of denotative

2. Can know the difference between denotative and connotative

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 CHAPTER II

CONTENTS AND DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition of Denotative

The terms denotation and connotation are widely used in philosophy, linguistics,
semiotics and stylistics to denote a number of diverse differences in meaning. Karl Otto
Erdmann, in Die Bedeutung des Wortes (1900) explains that there are three types of
meaning, namely:

1. Begriffsinhalt or Hauptbedeutung which means important or central meaning or

denotation.

2. Nebensinn which means applied meaning or contextual meaning (connotation).

3. Gefuhlswert or Stimmungsgehalt which means feeling-tone.

Meanwhile, George Kingsley Zipf in Studies of the Principles of Relative

Frequency in Language (1932) uses the term "meaning" for something that is not
defined but is more or less equivalent to the essential, primary, general or ordinary
meaning. Zipf uses the term denotation word for primary meaning or singular meaning
and connotation word for secondary meaning or metaphor in plural form.

Denotation is the literal meaning of the word or the actual meaning of a word.The
Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) has explained the meaning of denotation and
connotation. Denotation is the meaning of a word or group of words based on a
straightforward designation of something outside the language or based on certain
conventions and is objective.

Reporting from the Lexico website, denotation is the literal or primary meaning of
a word, as opposed to the feeling or idea suggested by the word.

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 Denotation is also known as cognitive meaning, referring to the direct relationship
between a term and the object, idea or action it denotes. In conclusion, denotation is the
literal or primary meaning of a word. Usually the meaning of denotation corresponds to that
found in dictionaries or other literature.

There is no other element of meaning or hidden meaning contained in denotation. If a

sentence has no double meaning or is unambiguous then the sentence is denotation.

The definition of denotation refers to the direct or dictionary meaning of a word, in

contrast to its figurative or associated meanings (connotations). To understand the difference,
think of how words would be used in writing about science or legal matters (with a precision
of meaning) vs. how words would be used in poetry (rich with allusion, metaphor, and other
shades of meaning than just their straight dictionary meanings).

As a verb, the term is to denote, and as an adjective, something is denotative. The

concept is also called extension or reference. Denotative meaning is sometimes called
cognitive meaning, referential meaning, or conceptual meaning.

2.2 Denotative Characteristics

1. The meaning that shows directly to the basic reference.

2. The meaning of the word as it is.

3. The meaning of the word according to the results of observations

2.3 Difference between denotation and connotation

Connotations are often found in short stories, rhymes, and literary works of art.
Connotation purpose aims to beautify a sentence phrase in a word. While denotation is
the actual word or the real meaning of a word.

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 2.4 Examples of denotative sentences

 Mr. Arif's scapegoat has been sold at the animal market. 'Black goat'
literally means black goat.
 You get a free green table when you buy some electronics. 'Green table'
actually means green table
 My sister sits on a soft chair made of foam. 'Sit' means actually, which is
to put the body or rest of the body on the buttocks.
 Mother's pot heats up after three minutes of being placed on the stove.
'Heating up' actually means, i.e. starting to get hot.
 I help mom roll up the mat after the family gathering is over. 'To roll up
the mat' actually means to roll the mat.
 The smell of garbage from the food is so thick that it can be smelled by
the nose. 'Smell' actually means bad smell.
 Tini likes mangosteen. 'Like' means to like and be happy with the
mangosteen fruit.
 My little brother really likes to bite his fingers. 'Bite a finger' means to
put a finger in the mouth and be bitten.
 The river behind Anggi's house overflowed due to the rain last night.
'To overflow' means to overflow with much.

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

The conclusion from the information we get about the Denotative Definition is
denotation refers to the direct or dictionary meaning of a word, in contrast to its figurative or
associated meanings (connotations). To understand the difference, think of how words would
be used in writing about science or legal matters (with a precision of meaning) vs. how words
would be used in poetry (rich with allusion, metaphor, and other shades of meaning than just
their straight dictionary meanings).

Denotation describes a concise dictionary definition of a word, without taking into

account any current slang or connotations it may have. Legal and scientific language strives
for precision in its language, adhering to denotative meanings for clarity. Advertising and
poetry, on the other hand, look for words rich in connotations to pack every word with extra
layers of meaning.
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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.thoughtco.com denotation definition , scholar.google.com ,

https://www.academia.edu , https://www.perpusnas.go.id/ , https://www.sciencedirect.com/
https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denotation?
_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=tc,sc