Numerical 2023

Question:1

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 12th April Morning Shift

Question:2

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Morning Shift

Question:3

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 10th April Evening Shift

Question:4

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 31st January Evening Shift

Question:5

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Evening Shift

Question:6

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 25th January Morning Shift

Numerical Answers Key
1. Ans. (6)
2. Ans. (2)
3. Ans. (24)
4. Ans. (5)
5. Ans. (5)
6. Ans. (495)
 Numerical Explanation
Ans.1

Ans.4
Ans.5

Ans.6
 MCQ 2023
Question:1

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 15th April Morning Shift

Question:2

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 13th April Evening Shift

Question:3

Question:4 For the system of linear equations

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 13th April Morning Shift

Question:5

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 13th April Morning Shift

Question:6 The number of symmetric matrices of order 3, with all the entries
from the set {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} is :
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 13th April Morning Shift

Question:7

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 12th April Morning Shift

Question:8

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Evening Shift

Question:9
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Evening Shift

Question:10

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 11th April Morning Shift

Question:11
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 10th April Evening Shift

Question:12

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 10th April Morning Shift

Question:13
For the system of linear equations
which of the following is NOT correct?
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 10th April Morning Shift

Question:14

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Question:15

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Question:16

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 8th April Morning Shift

Question:17

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 8th April Morning Shift

Question:18
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Evening Shift

Question:19 For the system of equations

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Evening Shift

Answer: A
Question:20 If the system of equations

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Morning Shift

Question:21

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Morning Shift

Question:22

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 1st February Evening Shift

Question:23

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 1st February Evening Shift

Question:24

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 1st February Morning Shift

Question:25 For the system of linear equations

which of the following is NOT true ?

Question:26
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 31st January Morning Shift

Question:27

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 30th January Evening Shift

Question:28

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 30th January Evening Shift

Question:29 Let the system of linear equations

have infinitely many solutions. Then the system

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 30th January Morning Shift

Question:30

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 30th January Morning Shift

Question:31

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Evening Shift

Question:32

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift

Question:33 Consider the following system of equations

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift

Question:34

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 25th January Evening Shift

Question:35
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 25th January Evening Shift

Question:36

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 25th January Morning Shift

Question:37

has unique solution and infinitely many solutions. Then

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 25th January Morning Shift

Question:38

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 24th January Evening Shift

Question:39 If the system of equations

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 24th January Evening Shift

Question:40
JEE Main 2023 (Online) 24th January Morning Shift

Question:41

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 24th January Morning Shift

 MCQ Answer Key
1. Ans. (A) 36. Ans. (B)
2. Ans. (A) 37. Ans. (C)
3. Ans. (A) 38. Ans. (B)
4. Ans. (B) 39. Ans. (D)
5. Ans. (B) 40. Ans. (C)
6. Ans. (C) 41. Ans. (A)
7. Ans. (C)
8. Ans. (B)
9. Ans. (B)
10. Ans. (D)
11. Ans. (D)
12. Ans. (C)
13. Ans. (A)
14. Ans. (D)
15. Ans. (D)
16. Ans. (C)
17. Ans. (D)
18. Ans. (C)
19. Ans. (A)
20. Ans. (D)
21. Ans. (A)
22. Ans. (B)
23. Ans. (B)
24. Ans. (D)
25. Ans. (B)
26. Ans. (D)
27. Ans. (D)
28. Ans. (A)
29. Ans. (D)
30. Ans. (D)
31. Ans. (B)
32. Ans. (D)
33. Ans. (C)
34. Ans. (A)
35. Ans. (C)
Ans.1
Ans.2
Ans.3
Ans.4
Ans.5
Ans.6
Ans.7
Ans.8
Given,
Ans.9

Ans.17
Ans.22
∴ option (C) is correct.

Ans.23
Ans.24

Ans.25
Ans.26
Ans.27

Ans.28
Ans.29

Ans.30
Ans.31
If the matrix is invertible then its determinant should not be zero.

Ans.32
Ans.33
Ans.34

Ans.35
Similarly,

Ans.36

Ans.37
Given system of equations
Ans.38
Ans.39
Ans.40

Ans.41
 Numerical 2022
Question:1

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th July Evening Shift

Question:2

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th July Morning Shift

Question:3

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th July Morning Shift

Question:4

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th July Evening Shift

Question:5

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th July Morning Shift

Question:6

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th July Evening Shift

Question:7

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th July Evening Shift

Question:8

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th July Morning Shift

Question:9

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th June Evening Shift

Question:10
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th June Evening Shift

Question:11

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th June Evening Shift

Question:12

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th June Morning Shift

Question:13

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th June Evening Shift

Question:14

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th June Evening Shift

Question:15

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 24th June Evening Shift

Numerical Answers Key

1. Ans. (10)
2. Ans. (4)
3. Ans. (2)
4. Ans. (42)
5. Ans. (5376)
6. Ans. (50)
7. Ans. (24)
8. Ans. (17)
9. Ans. (1)
10. Ans. (58)
11. Ans. (25)
12. Ans. (14)
13. Ans. (100)
14. Ans. (1)
15. Ans. (100)
 Numerical Explanation
Ans.1

Ans.2
Ans.3
Ans.4
Ans.5

Ans.6
Ans.7

Ans.8
Ans.9

Ans.10
Ans.11

Ans.12

Ans.13
Ans.14
Ans.15
 MCQ 2022
Question:1

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th July Evening Shift

Question:2

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th July Evening Shift

Question:3

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th July Morning Shift

Question:4

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th July Evening Shift

Question:5

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th July Morning Shift

Question:6

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th July Evening Shift

Question:7

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th July Morning Shift

Question:8

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th July Evening Shift

Question:9
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th July Morning Shift

Question:10

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th July Morning Shift

Question:11

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th July Evening Shift

Question:12

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th July Morning Shift

Question:13

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 30th June Morning Shift

Question:14

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 30th June Morning Shift

Question:15

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th June Evening Shift

Question:16

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th June Morning Shift

Question:17

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 29th June Morning Shift

Question:18

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th June Morning Shift

Question:19

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 28th June Morning Shift

Question:20

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th June Evening Shift

Question:21

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th June Evening Shift

Question:22

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th June Morning Shift

Question:23

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th June Evening Shift

Question:24

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th June Morning Shift

Question:25

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 26th June Morning Shift

Question:26

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th June Evening Shift

Question:27

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th June Morning Shift

Question:28

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 25th June Morning Shift

Question:29

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 24th June Evening Shift

Question:30

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 24th June Morning Shift

Question:31

JEE Main 2022 (Online) 24th June Morning Shift

 MCQ Answers Key
1. Ans. (C)
2. Ans. (C)
3. Ans. (B)
4. Ans. (C)
5. Ans. (C)
6. Ans. (B)
7. Ans. (D)
8. Ans. (D)
9. Ans. (D)
10. Ans. (B)
11. Ans. (C)
12. Ans. (B)
13. Ans. (A)
14. Ans. (B)
15. Ans. (C)
16. Ans. (B)
17. Ans. (A)
18. Ans. (B)
19. Ans. (A)
20. Ans. (C)
21. Ans. (C)
22. Ans. (D)
23. Ans (C)
24. Ans (C)
25. Ans (C)
26. Ans (D)
27. Ans (B)
28. Ans (A)
29. Ans (C)
30. Ans (B)
31. Ans (B)
 MCQ Explanation
Ans.1
Ans.2
Ans.3

Ans.4
Ans.5
Ans.6

Ans.7
Ans.8

Ans.9
Ans.10

Ans.11

Ans.12
Ans.13
Ans.14
Ans.15
Ans.16

Ans.17
Ans.18

Ans.19

Ans.20
Ans.21

Ans.22
Ans.23
Ans.24
Ans.25

Ans.26

Ans.27
Ans.28
Ans.29
Ans.30

Ans.31
 2021

Numerical
Q.1

31st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.2 If the system of linear equations

27th Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.3 Let A be a 3 × 3 real matrix. If det(2Adj(2 Adj(Adj(2A)))) = 241, then the value of
det(A2) equal __________.

26th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.4

27th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.5 For real numbers α and β, consider the following system of linear equations :

x + y − z = 2, x + 2y + αz = 1, 2x − y + z = β. If the system has infinite solutions,

then α + β is equal to ______________.

27th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.6

27th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.7

25th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.8

22th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.9
20th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.10

20th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.11

20th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.12

18th Mar Evening Shift 2021

Q.13
17th Mar Evening Shift 2021
Q.14

17th Mar Evening Shift 2021

Q.15

17th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.16

16th Mar Evening Shift 2021

Q.17 The total number of 3 × 3 matrices A having entries from the set {0, 1, 2, 3}
such that the sum of all the diagonal entries of AAT is 9, is equal to _____________.

16th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.18
16th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.19

26th Feb Evening Shift 2021

Q.20 If the system of equations

kx + y + 2z = 1

3x − y − 2z = 2

− 2x − 2y − 4z = 3

has infinitely many solutions, then k is equal to __________.

25th Feb Morning Slot 2021

Q.21

25th Feb Morning Slot 2021

Q.22

25th Feb Morning Slot 2021

Q.23 Let M be any 3 × 3 matrix with entries from the set {0, 1, 2}. The maximum
number of such matrices, for which the sum of diagonal elements of MTM is seven, is
________.

24th Feb Morning Slot 2021

Q.24

24th Feb Morning Slot 2021

Numerical Answer Key

1. Ans. (8)
2. Ans. (5)
3. Ans. (4)
4. Ans. (6)
5. Ans. (5)
6. Ans. (2020)
7. Ans. (16)
8. Ans. (3125)
9. Ans. (108)
10. Ans. (1)
11. Ans. (910)
12. Ans. (6)
13. Ans. (2)
14. Ans. (2020)
15. Ans. (16)
16. Ans. (1)
17. Ans. (766)
18. Ans. (36)
19. Ans. (4)
20. Ans. (21)
21. Ans. (7)
22. Ans. (13)
23. Ans. (540)
24. Ans. (17)

Numerical Explanation

Ans. 1
Ans. 2

Ans. 3
Ans. 4
Ans. 5 For infinite solutions

Ans. 6
Ans. 7

Ans. 8
Ans. 9
Ans. 10
Ans. 11
Ans. 12
Ans. 13
Ans. 14

Ans. 15
Ans. 16
Ans. 17
Ans. 18
Ans. 19
Ans. 20
Ans. 21

Ans. 22
Ans. 23

Ans. 24
 MCQ (Single Correct Answer)

Q.1

1st Sep Evening Shift 2021

Q.2 Consider the system of linear equations
−x + y + 2z = 0

3x − ay + 5z = 1

2x − 2y − az = 7

Let S1 be the set of all a∈R for which the system is inconsistent and S2 be the set of
all a∈R for which the system has infinitely many solutions. If n(S 1) and n(S2) denote
the number of elements in S1 and S2 respectively, then

1st Sep Evening Shift 2021

Q.3
31st Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.4

31st Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.5 If the following system of linear equations

2x + y + z = 5

x−y+z=3

x + y + az = b

has no solution, then :

31st Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.6 Let [λ] be the greatest integer less than or equal to λ. The set of all values of λ for
which the system of linear equations
x + y + z = 4,
3x + 2y + 5z = 3,
9x + 4y + (28 + [λ])z = [λ] has a solution is :

27th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.7 Let A(a, 0), B(b, 2b + 1) and C(0, b), b ≠ 0, |b| ≠ 1, be points such that the area of
triangle ABC is 1 sq. unit, then the sum of all possible values of a is :
27th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.8

27th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.9

27th Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.10

26th Aug Evening Shift 2021

Q.11

26th Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.12

26th Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.13

27th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.14

25th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.15 The number of distinct real roots

25th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.16 Let A and B be two 3 × 3 real matrices such that (A2 − B2) is invertible matrix. If
A5 = B5 and A3B2 = A2B3, then the value of the determinant of the matrix A3 + B3 is
equal to :
27th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.17 The values of a and b, for which the system of equations

2x + 3y + 6z = 8

x + 2y + az = 5

3x + 5y + 9z = b

has no solution, are :

25th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.18 Let A = [aij] be a real matrix of order 3 × 3, such that ai1 + ai2 + ai3 = 1, for i = 1,
2, 3. Then, the sum of all the entries of the matrix A3 is equal to :
22th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.19

22th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.20 The value of k ∈R, for which the following system of linear equations

3x − y + 4z = 3,

x + 2y − 3z = − 2

6x + 5y + kz = − 3,

has infinitely many solutions, is :

20th Jul Evening Shift 2021

Q.21

20th Jul Morning Shift 2021

Q.22 Define a relation R over a class of n × n real matrices A and B as

"ARB iff there exists a non-singular matrix P such that PAP−1 = B".

Then which of the following is true?

18th Mar Evening Shift 2021

Q.23 Let the system of linear equations

has a non-trivial solution. Then which of the following is true?

18th Mar Evening Shift 2021

Q.24

18th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.25

18th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.26

17th Mar Evening Shift 2021

Q.27
17th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.28 The system of equations kx + y + z = 1, x + ky + z = k and x + y + zk = k2 has no

solution if k is equal to :

17th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.29

16th Mar Morning Shift 2021

Q.30 Consider the following system of equations :

x + 2y − 3z = a

2x + 6y − 11z = b

x − 2y + 7z = c,

where a, b and c are real constants. Then the system of equations :

26th Feb Evening Shift 2021

Q.31 Consider the three planes

P1 : 3x + 15y + 21z = 9,

P2 : x − 3y − z = 5, and

P3 : 2x + 10y + 14z = 5

Then, which one of the following is true?

26th Feb Morning Shift 2021

Q.32

26th Feb Morning Shift 2021

Q.33 Let A be a symmetric matrix of order 2 with integer entries. If the sum of the
diagonal elements of A2 is 1, then the possible number of such matrices is :

26th Feb Morning Shift 2021

Q.34 The following system of linear equations

2x + 3y + 2z = 9

3x + 2y + 2z = 9

x − y + 4z = 8
25th Feb Evening Shift 2021

Q.35

25th Feb Evening Shift 2021

Q.36 Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix with det(A) = 4. Let Ri denote the ith row of A. If a matrix
B is obtained by performing the operation R2 → 2R2 + 5R3 on 2A, then det(B) is equal
to :
25th Feb Evening Shift 2021

Q.37 For the system of linear equations:

24th Feb Evening Slot 2021

Q.38 Let A and B be 3 × 3 real matrices such that A is symmetric matrix and B is
skew-symmetric matrix. Then the system of linear equations (A2B2 − B2A2) X = O,
where X is a 3 × 1 column matrix of unknown variables and O is a 3 × 1 null matrix,
has :

24th Feb Evening Slot 2021

Q.39 The system of linear equations

3x - 2y - kz = 10
2x - 4y - 2z = 6
x+2y - z = 5m
is inconsistent if :

24th Feb Morning Slot 2021

MCQ Answer Key

1. Ans. (C)
2. Ans. (C)
3. Ans. (B)
4. Ans. (C)
5. Ans. (D)
6. Ans. (A)
7. Ans. (D)
8. Ans. (B)
9. Ans. (B)
10. Ans. (A)
11. Ans. (B)
12. Ans. (B)
13. Ans. (D)
14. Ans. (A)
15. Ans. (B)
16. Ans. (D)
17. Ans. (A)
18. Ans. (C)
19. Ans. (D)
20. Ans. (B)
21. Ans. (A)
22. Ans. (D)
23. Ans. (A)
24. Ans. (B)
25. Ans. (D)
26. Ans. (A)
27. Ans. (A)
28. Ans. (C)
29. Ans. (D)
30. Ans. (C)
31. Ans. (C)
32. Ans. (A)
33. Ans. (B)
34. Ans. (C)
35. Ans. (C)
36. Ans. (A)
37. Ans. (D)
38. Ans. (C)
39. Ans. (B)

MCQ Explanation

Ans 1.
Ans 2.
Ans 3.

Ans 4.
Ans 5.

Ans 6.
Ans 7.

Ans 8.
Ans 9.
Ans 10.
Ans 11.
Ans 12.
Ans 13.

Ans 14.
Ans 15.

Ans 16.
Ans 17.

Ans 18.
Ans 19.
Ans 20.
Ans 24.

Ans 25.
Ans 26.
Ans 27.
Ans 28.

Ans 29.
Ans 30.
Ans 31.

Ans 32.
Ans 33.
Ans 34.

Ans 35.
Ans 36.
Ans 37.
Ans 38.
Ans 39.
 18 Order of Matrices, Types of Matrices, é1 0 0ù
TOPIC Ć
Addition & Subtraction of Matrices, 5. Let P = êê3 1 0úú and Q = [qi] be two 3 × 3 matrices
Scalar Multiplication of Matrices,
Multiplication of Matrices ëê9 3 1ûú
q 21 + q31
1. Let a be a root of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0 such that Q – P5 = I3. Then is equal to :
q32
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
1 1 1
(a) 10 (b) 135 (c) 15 (d) 9
1
and the matrix A = ê1 a a 2 ú , then the matrix A31
3 é1 0 0 ù
ë1 a a4 û
2
6. Let A = êê1 1 0 úú and B = A20. Then the sum of the
is equal to: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] êë1 1 1 úû
elements of the first column of B is?
(a) A (b) I3 (c) A2 (d) A3 [Online April 16, 2018]
(a) 211 (b) 210 (c) 231 (d) 251
é cos q i sin q ù æ p ö éa b ù
2. If A = ê ú, çq = ÷ and A = ê
5
ú, é0 -1ù
ëi sin q cos q û è 24 ø ëc d û 7. If A=ê ú , then which one of the following
ë1 0 û
é one of theù following is not
where i = -1, then which statements is not correct? [Online April 10, 2015]
ê ú
true? [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] (a) A2 + I = A(A2 – I) (b) A4 – I = A2 + I
ê ú (c) A3 + I = A(A3 – I) (d) A3 – I = A(A – I)
(a) 0 £ a 2 + b2 £ 1 (b) a 2 - d 2 = 0
é yù
ê x ú be such that AB = é ù ,
é1 2 x ù 6
1 8. If A = ê ú and B = ê8 ú
(c) a - c = 1
2 2
(d) a - b =
2 2
ê ú
2 ë3 - 1 2 û êë 1 úû
ë û

then: [Online April 12, 2014]

é x 1ù
3. Let A = ê ú , x Î R and A = [aij]. If a11 = 109, then a22
4
(a) y = 2x (b) y = – 2x
ë 1 0û
(c) y = x (d) y = – x
is equal to __________. [NA Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] 9. If p, q, r are 3 real numbers satisfying the matrix equation,

écos a - sin a ù é0 -1ù é3 4 1ù

4. Let A = ê
a a ú , (aÎ R) such that A32 = ê1 0 ú . [ p q r ] êê 3 2 3úú = [3 0 1] then
ë sin cos û ë û
êë 2 0 2úû
Then a value of a is : [April 8, 2019 (I)]
2p + q – r equals : [Online April 22, 2013]
p p p
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) (a) – 3 (b) – 1
32 64 16 (c) 4 (d) 2
 EBD_8344
M-270 Mathematics

10. The matrix A2 + 4A – 5I, where I is identity matrix and

éa b ù éa b ù
17. If A = ê ú and A2 = ê ú , then [2003]
é1 2 ù ëb a û ëb aû
A= ê ú , equals [Online April 9, 2013]
ë 4 -3û
(a) a = 2 ab, b = a 2 + b 2
é2 1ù é 0 -1ù (b) a = a 2 + b 2 , b = ab
(a) 4 ê ú (b) 4 ê ú
ë2 0û ë2 2 û
(c) a = a 2 + b 2 , b = 2ab
é2 1ù é1 1 ù (d) a = a 2 + b 2 , b = a 2 - b 2 .
(c) 32 ê ú (d) 32 ê ú
ë2 0û ë1 0 û
Transpose of Matrices, Symmetric
é 1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù & Skew Symmetric Matrices,
11. If A = ê 2 1 0 ú and B = ê -2 1 0ú then AB TOPIC n Inverse of a Matrix by Elementary
ê ú ê ú
Row Operations
ëê -3 2 1 úû ëê 7 -2 1úû
equals [Online May 26, 2012] 18. Let a, b, c Î R be all non- ero and satisfy
(a) I (b) A (c) B (d) 0
12. If w ¹ 1is the complex cube root of unity and matrix æa b cö
ç ÷
éω 0 ù a + b + c = 2.
3 3 3 If the matrix A = ç b c a ÷ satisfies
H = ê ú , then H70 is equal to [2011RS] çc a b÷
ë 0 ωû è ø
(a) 0 (b) –H (c) H2 (d) H ATA = I, then a value of abc can be : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
13. The number of 3 × 3 non-singular matrices, with four entries
1 1 2
as 1 and all other entries as 0, is [2010] (a) - (b) (c) 3 (d)
(a) 5 (b) 6 3 3 3
(c) at least 7 (d) less than 4 19. The number of all 3 ´ 3 matrices A, with enteries from the
æ 1 2ö æ a 0ö
14. Let A = ç and B = ç , a, b Î N. Then [2006] set {–1, 0, 1} such that the sum of the diagonal elements
è 3 4÷ø è 0 b÷ø
(a) there cannot exist any B such that AB = BA of AAT is 3, is _______. [NA Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
(b) there exist more than one but finite number of B¢s
such that AB = BA æ 2 2ö æ 1 0ö
20. If A = ç 9 4÷ and I = ç 0 1÷ , then 10A–1 is equal to:
(c) there exists exactly one B such that AB = BA è ø è ø
(d) there exist infinitely many B¢s such that AB = BA [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
15. If A and B are square matrices of si e n × n such that
(a) A – 4I (b) 6I – A (c) A – 6I (d) 4I – A
A2 - B 2 = ( A - B )( A + B ) , then which of the following
will be always true? [2006] 21. If A is a symmetric matrix and B is a skew-symmetrix matrix
(a) A = B é2 3 ù
(b) AB = BA such that A + B = ê 5 -1ú , then AB is equal to :
ë û
(c) either of A or B is a ero matrix [April 12, 2019 (I)]
(d) either of A or B is identity matrix
é - 4 -1ù é 4 -2 ù
é1 0ù é1 0 ù (a) ê -1 4 ú (b) ê -1 - 4ú
16. If A = ê ú and I = ê ú , then which one of the ë û ë û
ë1 1 û ë0 1û
following holds for all n ³ 1, by the principle of é 4 -2 ù é - 4 2ù
(c) ê1 - 4ú (d) ê 1 4ú
mathematical induction [2005] ë û ë û
(a) An = nA – (n – 1) I æ 0 2y 1 ö
ç ÷
(b) An = 2n - 1 A – (n – 1) I 22. The total number of matrices A = ç 2 x y -1÷ , (x, y Î
è 2 x - y 1 ø
(c) An = nA + (n – 1) I
R, x ¹ y) for which ATA = 3I3 is: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
(d) A = 2 n - 1 A + (n – 1) I
n
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 4
Matrices M-271

æ 0 2q r ö é1 2 2 ù
23. Let A = çç p q -r ÷÷ . If AAT = I3, then |p| is : 26. If A = ê 2 1 -2ú is a matrix satisfying the equation
ê ú
ç p -q r ÷ êë a 2 b úû
è ø
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] AAT = 9I, where I is 3 × 3 identity matrix, then the ordered
pair (a, b) is equal to: [2015]
1 1 (a) (2, 1) (b) (–2, – 1)
(a) (b)
5 3 (c) (2, – 1) (d) (–2, 1)
27. Let A and B be any two 3 × 3 matrices. If A is symmetric
1 1 and B is skewsymmetric, then the matrix AB – BA is:
(c) (d)
2 6 (a) skewsymmetric [Online April 19, 2014]
(b) symmetric
24. For two 3 × 3 matrices A and B, let A + B = 2BT and 3A + 2B =
I3, where BT is the transpose of B and I3 is 3 × 3 identity (c) neither symmetric nor skewsymmetric
matrix. Then : [Online April 9, 2017] (d) I or – I, where I is an identity matrix.
(a) 5A + 10B = 2I3 (b) 10A + 5B = 3I3 æ a - 1ö æ a + 1ö
(c) B + 2A = I3 (d) 3A + 6B = 2I3 28. If A = 0 , B = ç 0 ÷ be two matrices, then ABT is a
ç ÷
ç ÷ ç ÷
è 0 ø è 0 ø
é 3 1 ù non- ero matrix for |a| not equal to [Online May 7, 2012]
ê ú
ê 2 2 ú é1 1ù (a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 3
25. If P = ê 1 3 ú , A = êë 0 1úû and Q = PAP
APT, then 29. Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3. [2011]
ê- ú
ë 2 2 û Statement-1: A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices.
Statement-2: AB is symmetric matrix if matrix multiplication
PT Q2015 P is ; [Online April 9, 2016] of A with B is commutative.
é 0 2015ù é 2015 0 ù (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
(a) ê 0 0 úû (b) ê 1 ú not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
ë ë 2015 û
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
é1 2015ù é 2015 1 ù
(c) ê 0 1 úû (d) ê 0 2015úû
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
ë ë a correct explanation for Statement-1.
 EBD_8344
M-272 Mathematics

1. (d) Solution of x2 + x + 1 = 0 is w, w2 Given that ( x2 + 1) 2 + x 2 = 109

So, a = w and
w4 = w3.w = 1.w = w x 4 + 3x 2 - 108 = 0
Þ ( x2 + 12)( x2 - 9) = 0
é1 1 1 ù é1 1 1 ù é1 0 0ù
ê úê ú
\ x2 = 9
w2 ú = êê0 0 1 úú
1
A2 = ê1 w w2 ú ê1 w
3ê úê ú
ê1 w2 w ú ê1 w2 w ú êë0 1 0úû
a22 = x 2 + 1 = 9 + 1 = 10.
ë ûë û
é cos a - sin a ù
Þ A4 = I 4. (c) A = ê ú
Þ A30 = A28 × A3 = A3 ë sin a cos a û

é cos q i sin q ù é cos a - sin a ù é cos a - sin a ù

2. (d) Q A = ê ú A2 = ê sin a cos a ú ê sin a cos a ú
ëi sin q cos q û ë û ë û

é cos nq i sin nq ù écos 2a - sin 2a ù

\ An = ê ú , n ÎN =ê ú
ëi sin nq cos nq û ë sin 2a cos 2a û

éa b ù écos 4a - sin 4a ù
Q A5 = ê ú Similarly, A4 = A2 .A2 = ê sin 4a cos 4a ú
ëc d û ë û

é cos5q i sin 5q ù é a b ù é cos32a - sin 32a ù é0 -1ù

\ A5 = ê ú=ê ú and so on A32 = ê ú=ê ú
ëi sin 5q cos5q û ë c d û ë sin 32a cos32a û ë1 0 û
Then sin 32a = 1 and cos 32a = 0
\ a = cos 5q, b = i sin 5q = c, d = cos 5q
p p
\ a 2 - b 2 = cos 2 5q + sin 2 5q = 1 Þ 32a = np + (– 1)n and 32a = 2np +
2 2
a 2 - c 2 = cos 2 5q + sin 2 5q = 1 np p np p
Þ a= + (-1)n and a = + where n Î z
a - d = cos 5q - cos 5q = 1
2 2 2 2 32 64 16 64
p
10 p Put n = 0, a =
a 2 + b 2 = cos 2 5q - sin 2 5q = cos10q = cos 64
24
p
5p Hence, required value of a is.
and 0 < cos < 1 Þ 0 £ a2 + b2 £ 1 64
12 é1 0 0ù é1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù
ê 3 1 0ú ê 3 1 0 ú = ê 6 1 0 ú
1
\ a 2 - b2 = is wrong. 5. (a) P2 = ê úê ú ê ú
2 êë9 3 1úû êë9 3 1úû êë27 6 1 úû
3. (10)
é 1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù
é x 1ù é x 1ù é x 2 + 1 xù ê 6 1 0ú ê 6 1 0ú = ê12 1 0ú
A2 = ê úê ú=ê ú Þ P4 = ê úê ú ê ú
ë1 0û ë 1 0û ë x 1û êë 27 6 1 úû êë 27 6 1 úû êë90 12 1úû

é 1 0 0ù é1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù
é x2 + 1 xù é x 2 + 1 x ù ê12 1 0ú ê3 1 0ú = ê 15 1 0ú
A4 = ê úê ú
ë x 1û ë x 1û Þ P5 = ê úê ú ê ú
êë90 12 1úû êë9 3 1úû êë135 15 1 úû
é( x 2 + 1)2 + x 2 x ( x 2 + 1) + x ù Q Q – P5 = I3
=ê ú
êë x ( x + 1) + x x 2 + 1 úû
2
Matrices M-273

é 2 0 0ù é -1 0 ù
ê 15 2 0ú A2 = ê ú Þ A = -I
2

\ Q = I3 + P5 = ê ú ë 0 -1û
ëê135 15 2úû é 0 1ù
A3 = ê ú
q21 + q31 15 + 135 ë -1 0 û
= 10
q32 = 15
é1 0ù
A4 = ê ú =I
é1 0 0 ù ë0 1 û
6. (c) Here A = êê1 1 0 úú A2 + I = A3 – A
êë1 1 1 úû – I + I = A3 – A
A3 ¹ A
é1 0 0 ù é1 0 0 ù
é yù
\ A2 = A. A = êê1 1 0 úú × êê1 1 0 úú êxú
é1 2 x ù
êë1 1 1 úû êë1 1 1 úû 8. (a) Let A = ê3 -1 2 ú and B = ê ú
ë û
ëê1 ûú
é1 0 0ù é yù
= êê 2 1 0úú é1 2 x ù ê ú
AB = êë3 -1 2úû ê ú
x
êë 3 2 1 úû
ëê1 ûú
é1 0 0ù é1 0 0 ù é 6ù é y + 2x + xù
ê 2 1 0ú × ê1 1 0 ú Þ ê8 ú = ê 3 y - x + 2 ú
also A3 = A2. A = ë û ë û
ê ú ê ú
êë 3 2 1 úû êë1 1 1 úû é 6ù é y + 3x ù
Þ ê8 ú = ê 3 y - x + 2 ú
ë û ë û
é1 0 0ù
Þ y + 3x = 6 and 3y – x = 6
= êê 3 1 0úú
On solving, we get
êë6 3 1 úû
6 12
x= and y =
é1 0 0ù é1 0 0 ù 5 5
and, A4 = A3. A = êê 3 1 0úú × êê1 1 0 úú Þ y = 2x
êë6 3 1 úû êë1 1 1 úû 9. (a) Given

é3 4 1ù
é 1 0 0ù [p q r ] ê3 2 3 ú = [3 0 1]
= êê 4 1 0 úú ê2
ë 0 2 úû
êë10 4 1 úû
Þ [3 p + 3q + 2r 4 p + 2q p + 3q + 2r ] = [3 0 1]
On observing the pattern, we come to a conclusion that,
Þ 3p + 3q + 2r = 3 ...(i)
é ù 4p + 2q = 0 Þ q = – 2p ...(ii)
ê 1 0 0ú p + 3q + 2r = 1 ...(iii)
ê ú On solving (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
A =ê n 1 0ú
ê n (n + 1) ú p = 1, q = – 2, r = 3
ê n 1ú \ 2p + q – r = 2(1) + (– 2) – (3) = – 3.
ë 2 û
10. (a) A2 + 4A – 5I = A × A + 4A – 5I
é 1 0 0ù é1 2 ù é1 2ù é1 2 ù é1 0ù
ê ú = ê4 ´ +4ê -5
\ A20 = ë -3úû êë 4 -3úû ë4 -3úû êë0 1 úû
ê 20 1 0ú
êë 210 20 1úû
é9 -4ù é 4 8 ù é5 0ù
Therefore, sum of first column of A20 = [1 + 20 + 210] = 231 = ê -8 + -
ë 17 úû êë16 -12 úû êë0 5úû
7. (a) Given that
é 0 -1ù é 9 + 4 -5 -4 + 8 - 0 ù é8 4ù é2 1ù
A =ê ú = ê -8 + 16 - 0 =
ë1 0 û ë 17 - 12 - 5úû êë8 0 úû = 4ê
ë2 0 úû
 EBD_8344
M-274 Mathematics

é 1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù é n 0ù én - 1 0 ù
ê ú Now nA – (n – 1) I = ê n n ú - ê 0 n - 1úû
11. (a) A = 2 1 0 , B = ê -2 1 0ú ë û ë
ê ú ê ú
êë -3 2 1úû êë 7 -2 1úû
é 1 0ù
= ê n 1ú = A
n
é1 0 0ù ë û
AB = ê0 1 0ú = I
ê ú \ nA - ( n - 1) I = An
êë0 0 1úû
éa b ù éa bù éa bù
é ω 0 ù é ω 0 ù éω 0 ù
2 17. (c) A2 = ê ú Þ A× A = ê b a ú êb a ú
12. (d) H2 = ê úê ú =ê ú ëb aû ë ûë û
ë0 ωû ë 0 ωû êë0 ω2 úû
é a2 + b2 2ab ù
éωk 0ù =ê ú
We observed that H k = ê ú êë 2 ab a 2 + b 2 úû
êë0 ω úû
a = a2 + b2; b = 2ab
éω 70
0 ù éω w 0 ù éω
69
0ù
\ H 70 = ê ú=ê ú=ê =H 18. (b) Given : AT A = I
êë 0 ω70 úû êë0 w69ωúû ë0 ω úû
éa b c ù é a b c ù é1 0 0ù
[Q w3n = 1]
Þ ê b c a ú êb c a ú = ê 0 1 0 ú
ê úê ú ê ú
é 1 ... ...ù êë c a b úû êë c a b úû êë0 0 1úû
ê... 1 ...ú
13. (c) ê ú are 6 non-singular matrices because 6
êë... ... 1 úû éSa 2 Sab Sab ù é1 0 0ù
ê ú
Þ ê Sab Sa 2 Sab ú = ê0 1 0ú
blanks will be filled by 5 eros and 1 one. ê ú
ê 2ú ê0 0 1 ûú
é... ... 1ù ëê Sab S ab S a úû ë
Similarly, ê... 1 ...úú are 6 non-singular matrices.
ê So, Sa 2 = 1 and Sab = 0
êë 1 ... ...úû
Total = 6 + 6 = 12 Now, a3 + b3 + c 3 - 3abc
So, required cases are more than 7, non-singular 3 × 3 = (a + b + c )(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca )
matrices.
= (a + b + c)(1 - 0)
é1 2ù éa 0ù
(d) Given that A = ê B = ê
4 úû b úû
14.
ë3 ë0 = (a + b + c )2 = Sa 2 + 2Sab = ±1
é a 2b ù 1
AB = ê ú Þ 2 - 3abc = 1 Þ abc =
ë3a 4b û 3
é a 0 ù é1 2 ù é a 2 a ù or 2 – 3abc = –1 Þ abc = 1.
BA = ê úê ú=ê ú
ë 0 b û ë3 4û ë3b 4b û 19. (672) Let A = [aii]3×3
Hence, AB = BA only when a = b It is given that sum of diagonal elements of AAT is 3 i.e.,
\ There can be infinitely many B¢s for which AB = BA tr(AAT) = 3
a211 + a212 + a213 + a221 + ..... + a233 = 3
15. (b) Given that A2 - B 2 = ( A - B )( A + B )
Possible cases are
A2 - B 2 = A2 + AB - BA - B 2
Þ AB = BA 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 ®1ü
é1 0 ù 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, - 1, - 1, - 1 ® 1 ïï 9
16. (a) Given that A = ê ú ý C6 ´ 8 = 84 ´8 = 672
ë1 1 û 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, - 1 ® 3ï
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, - 1, 1, - 1 ® 3ïþ
é 1 0 ù 3 é1 0 ù
A2 = ê ú , A = ê3 1 ú
ë2 1 û ë û 20. (c) Characteristics equation of matrix ‘A’ is |A – lI| = 0
é 1 0ù 2-l 2
Therefore we observed that An = ê ú = 0 Þ l2 – 6l –10 = 0
ë n 1û 9 4-l
Matrices M-275

\ A2 – 6A – 10I = 0
1 2 1 1
Þ A–1(A2) – 6A–1 – 10IA–1 = 0 \
2
p2 = , q = and r =
2 6 3
Þ 10A–1 = A – 6I
éa c ù é0 dù 1
21. (b) Let A = ê \ | p|= .
ú and B = ê -d 0 úû 2
ë c bû ë
24. (b) AT + BT = 2B
é a c + d ù é2 3 ù
Then, A + B = ê - = Q [(A + B)T = (2BT)T]
ëc d b úû êë5 -1úû
On comparing each term, AT + BT æ BT + AT ö
Þ B= = A+ ç ÷ = 2BT
2 ç 2 ÷
a = 2, b = – 1, c – d = 5, c + d = 3 è ø
Þ a = 2, b = – 1, c = 4, d = – 1
3BT - AT
é 2 4 ù é 0 -1ù é 4 -2 ù Þ 2A + AT = 3BT Þ A =
Now, AB = ê úê ú =ê ú 2
ë 4 -1û ë1 0 û ë -1 -4 û
Also, 3A + 2B = I3 ...(i)
22. (d) Given, ATA = 3I
æ 3BT - AT ö æ AT + BT ö
é 0 2x 2x ù é 0 2 y 1 ù Þ 3 çç ÷ + 2ç ÷=I
2 ÷ ç 2 ÷ 3
ê 2 y y - y ú ê 2 x y -1ú = 31 è ø è ø
ê úê ú
êë 1 -1 1 úû êë 2 x - y 1 úû Þ 11BT – AT = 2I3 ....(ii)
Add (i) and (ii)
é8x 2 0 0ù é 3 0 0 ù
35B = 7I3
ê ú
Þ ê 0 6 y2 0ú = êê 0 3 0 úú Þ B=
I3 I
Þ 11 3 - A = 2I3
ê ú 5
ê 0 0 3ú êë 0 0 3 úû 5
ë û
I3 I
Þ 11 - 2I3 = A Þ A = 3
3 1 5 5
Þ 8x2 = 3 and 6y2 = 3 Þ x = ± and y = ±
8 2 Q 5A = 5B = I3
Q
Number of combinations of (x, y) = 2 × 2 = 4 Þ 10A + 5B = 3I3
é 0 2q r ù é 3
ê p q -r ú 1 ù é 3 -1 ù
ê ú ê ú
23. (c) A = ê ú
êë p - q r úû 25. (c) P = ê 2 2 ú T
P = ê 2 2 ú
ê 1 3ú ê 1 3ú
ê- ú ê ú
ë 2 2 û ë 2 2 û
é 0 2q r ù é 0 p pù
ê p q - r ú ´ ê2q q - q ú PPT = PTP = I
\ A × AT = ê ú ê ú
êë p - q r úû êë r - r r úû Q2015 = (PAPT) (PAPT) ––––– (2015 terms)
= PA2015PT
é 4q 2 + r 2 2q 2 - r 2 -2q 2 + r 2 ù
ê 2 2 ú PTQ2015P = A2015
ê 2q - r p2 + q2 + r 2 p2 - q2 - r 2 ú
=ê ú é1 1 ù é1 1 ù é 1 2ù
ëê -2 q + r p2 - q2 - r 2
2 2
p 2 + q 2 + r 2 ûú A2 = ê úê ú=ê ú
ë0 1û ë0 1û ë0 1û
Given, AAT = I
\ 4q2 + r2 = p2 + q2 + r2 = 1 é 1 2ù é1 1ù é1 3 ù
A3 = ê úê ú=ê ú
Þ p2 – 3q2 = 0 and r2 = 1 – 4q2 ë 0 1 û ë0 1û ë0 1û
and 2q2 – r2 = 0 Þ r2 = 2q2 é 1 2015 ù
\ A2015 = ê
ë 0 1 úû
 EBD_8344
M-276 Mathematics
T
26. (b) Given that AA = 9I 27. (b) Let A be symmetric matrix and B be skew symmetric
matrix.
é 1 2 2 ù é 1 2 a ù é 9 0 0ù \ AT = A and BT = –B
ê 2 1 -2ú ê2 1 2ú = ê0 9 0ú
ê úê ú ê ú Consider
êë a 2 b úû êë2 -2 b úû êë0 0 9 úû (AB – BA)T = (AB)T – (BA)T
= BTAT – ATBT = (–B) (A) – (A) (–B)
é 1+ 4 + 4 2+ 2- 4 a + 4 + 2b ù = –BA + AB = AB – BA
ê ú
Þ ê 2+2-4 4 +1+ 4 2a + 2 - 2b ú This shows AB – BA is symmetric matrix.
ê 2 2ú æ a –1ö æ a + 1ö
ë a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 - 2b a + 4 + b û
28. (c) Let A = ç 0 ÷ , B = ç 0 ÷
é 9 0 0ù ç ÷ ç ÷
è 0 ø è 0 ø
= ê 0 9 0ú
ê ú be two matrices.
êë0 0 9úû
æ a –1ö æ a 2 –1 0 0ö
Þ a + 4 + 2b = 0 Þ a + 2b = – 4 ç ÷
ABT = ç 0 ÷ ( a + 1 0 0) = ç 0
...(i)
0 0÷
2a + 2 – 2b = 0 Þ 2a – 2b = – 2 ç ÷
è 0 ø çè 0 0 0÷ø
Þ a – b = –1 ...(ii)
Subtract (ii) from (i) Thus, ABT is non- ero matrix for | a | ¹ 1
a + 2b = –4 29. (a) Given that A and B are symmetric matrix
a – b = –1 A¢ = A
– + + B¢ = B
Now (A(BA))¢ = (BA)¢A¢ = (A¢B¢)A¢ = (AB)A = A(BA)
3b = –3
(\ product of matrices are associative)
b= –1 Similarly, ((AB)A)¢ = A¢(B¢A¢) = A (BA) = (AB)A
and a = – 2 So, A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices.
(a, b) = (–2, –1) Again (AB)¢ = B¢A¢ = BA
Now if BA = AB, then AB is symmetric matrix.
 Determinants

Minor & Co-factor of an Element of a 5. The sum of the real roots of the equation
Determinant, Value of a Determinant,
TOPIC Ć Property of Determinant of Matrices, x -6 -1
Singular & Non-Singular Matrices, 2 -3x x - 3 = 0, is equal to : [April 10, 2019 (II)]
Multiplication of two Determinants -3 2 x x+2
(a) 6 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) –4
p cos q sin q ù
1. Let q = and A = é - sin q 4
cos qûú . If B = A + A ,
5 êë
é2 b 1ù
then det (B): [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] ê ú
(a) is one (b) lies in (2, 3) 6. Let A = ê b b + 1 b ú where b > 0. Then the minimum
2

(c) is ero (d) lies in (1, 2) ê1 b 2úû

ë
x - 2 2x - 3 3x - 4
2. If D = 2 x - 3 3x - 4 4 x - 5 = Ax3 + Bx2 + Cx + D, det (A)
value of is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
3x - 5 5x - 8 10 x - 17 b
then B + C is equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
(a) 2 3 (n) - 2 3 (c) - 3 (d) 3
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) –3 (d) 9
3. Let a – 2b + c = 1. x - 4 2x 2x
x+a x + 2 x +1 7. If 2x x - 4 2x = (A + Bx)(x - A) 2 , then the
If f(x) = x + b x + 3 x + 2 , then : [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] 2x 2x x -4
x+c x+ 4 x+3
ordered pair (A, B) is equal to : [2018]
(a) f (–50) = 501 (b) f (–50) = –1 (a) (– 4, 3) (b) (– 4, 5)
(c) (4, 5) (d) (– 4, – 5)
(c) f (50) = –501 (d) f (50) = 1
x sin q cos q ì 0 cos x - sin x ü
ï ï
4. If D1 = - sin q - x 1 and 8. If S = í x Î [ 0, 2p] : sin x 0 cos x = 0 ý , then
cos q 1 x ï cos x sin x 0 ï
î þ
x sin 2q cos 2q
æp ö
D 2 = - sin 2q -x 1 ,x ¹ 0 ; å tan çè 3 + x ÷ø is equal to [Online April 8, 2017]
cos 2q 1 x xÎS
æ pö (a) 4 + 2 3 (b) -2 + 3
then for all qÎ ç 0, ÷ : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
è 2ø (c) -2 - 3 (d) -4 - 2 3
(a) D1 - D 2 = -2x3
é -4 -1ù
(b) D1 - D 2 = x (cos 2q - cos 4q) 9. If A = ê3 1 ú , then the determinant of the matrix
ë û
(c) D1 ´ D 2 = - 2( x3 + x - 1)
(A2016 – 2A2015 – A2014) is : [Online April 10, 2016]
(d) D1 + D2 = -2x3 (a) –175 (b) 2014 (c) 2016 (d) –25
 EBD_8344
M-278 Mathematics

16. Statement - 1: [2011RS]

x2 + x x +1 x–2 Determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3 is ero.
if 2 x + 3x –1
2 Statement - 2 :
10. 3x 3x – 3 = ax –12, then ‘a’ is
x + 2x + 3
2
2 x –1 2 x –1 For any matrix A, det (A)T= det (A) and det (– A) = – det (A).
Where det (B) denotes the determinant of matrix B. Then :
equal to : [Online April 11, 2015] (a) Both statements are true
(a) 24 (b) –12 (c) –24 (d) 12 (b) Both statements are false
11. The least value of the product xyz for which the (c) Statement-1 is false and statement-2 is true
x 1 1 (d) Statement-1 is true and statement-2 is false
1 y 1 17. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with non- ero entries and let A2 = I ,
determinant is non-negative, is : where I is 2 × 2 identity matrix. Define
1 1
Tr(A) = sum of diagonal elements of A and
[Online April 10, 2015]
|A| = determinant of matrix A.
(a) -2 2 (b) –1 Statement - 1 : Tr(A) = 0.
(c) -16 2 (d) –8 Statement -2 : |A| = 1. [2010]
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement-2
1 cos q 1 is not a correct explanation for Statement -1.
12. If f(q) = - sin q 1 - cos q and (b) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is false.
-1 sin q 1 (c) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true .
(d) Statement - 1 is true, Statement 2 is true ; Statement -2
A and B are respectively the maximum and the minimum is a correct explanation for Statement -1.
values of f(q), then (A, B) is equal to: 18. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with real entries. Let I be the 2 × 2
[Online April 12, 2014] identity matrix. Denote by tr(A), the sum of diagonal entries
of a. Assume that A2 = I.
( 4, 2 - 2 )
[2008]
(a) (3, – 1) (b)
Statement-1 : If A ¹ I and A ¹ –I, then det (A) = –1
Statement-2 : If A ¹ I and A ¹ –I, then tr (A) ¹ 0.
(c) (2 + 2, 2 - 2 ) (d) (2 + 2, -1 ) (a) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true
13. If B is a 3 × 3 matrix such that B 2 = 0, then (b) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
det. [(I + B)50 – 50B] is equal to: [Online April 9, 2014] is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 50 (c) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
ìæ a a ö ü
14. Let S = íç 11 12 ÷ : aij Î{0,1, 2}, a11 = a22 ý (d) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is false
îè a21 a22 ø þ
5 5a a
Then the number of non-singular matrices in the set S is : 19.
2
Let A = 0 a 5a . If A = 25 , then a equals [2007]
[Online April 25, 2013] 0 0 5
(a) 27 (b) 24
(a) 1/5 (b) 5
(c) 10 (d) 20
(c) 52 (d) 1
15. Let A, other than I or – I, be a 2 × 2 real matrix such that
A2 = I, I being the unit matrix. Let Tr (A) be the sum of 20. If 1, w, w 2 are the cube roots of unity, then
diagonal elements of A. [Online April 23, 2013]
Statement-1: Tr (A) = 0 1 wn w 2n
Statement-2: det (A) = – 1 D = wn w2n 1 is equal to [2003]
(a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false. 2n n
w 1 w
(b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 (a) w 2 (b) 0
is a correct explanation for Statement-1. (c) 1 (d) w
(d) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
Determinants M-279

27. Let the numbers 2, b, c be in an A.P. and

Properties of Determinants,
TOPIC n Area of a Triangle é1 1 1ù
ê2 b cú
21. If the minimum and the maximum values of the function A= ê 2 ú . If det(A)?[2, 16], then c lies in the
ë4 b c2 û
ép pù
f : ê , ú ® R , defined by interval : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
ë4 2û
(a) [2, 3) (b) (2 + 23/4, 4)
- sin 2 q -1 - sin 2 q 1 (c) [4, 6] (d) [3, 2 + 23/4]
f (q) = - cos 2 q -1 - cos 2 q 1 are m and M respec-
12 10 -2 é 1 sin q 1 ù
If A = ê - sin q ú æ 3p 5p ö
tively, then the ordered pair (m, M) is equal to : 28.
ê 1 sin qú ; then for all qÎ ç , ÷,
è 4 4 ø
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] êë -1 - sin q 1 úû
(a) (0, 2 2 ) (b) (– 4, 0 )
(c) (– 4, 4) (d) (0, 4) det (A) lies in the interval : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
22. If a + x = b + y = c + z + 1, where a, b, c, x, y, z are non- ero
æ 5ù é5 ö æ 3ù æ3 ù
x a+ y x+a (a) ç 1, ú (b) ê , 4 ÷ (c) ç 0, ú (d) ç ,3ú
è 2û ë2 ø è 2û è2 û
distinct real numbers, then y b + y y + b is equal to :
z c+ y z+c a–b–c 2a 2a
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] 2b b–c–a 2b
29. If
(a) y (b – a) (b) y (a – b) 2c 2c c–a–b
(c) 0 (d) y (a – c)
23. Let two points be A(l, – 1) and B(0, 2). If a point P(x¢, y¢) be = (a + b + c) (x + a + b + c)2, x ¹ 0 and a + b + c ¹ 0, then x
is equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
such that the area of DPAB = 5 sq. units and it lies on the
(a) abc (b) – (a + b +c)
line, 3x + y – 4l = 0, then a value of l is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
(c) 2 (a + b +c) (d) – 2 (a + b +c)
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) –3 30. Let dÎR, and
24. Let A = [aij] and B = [bij] be two 3 ´ 3 real matrices such that
é- 2 4+d (sin q) -2 ù
bij = (3)(i + j – 2) aij, where i, j = 1, 2, 3. If the determinant of B ê ú
1 (sin q) + 2
A= ê ú,
d
is 81, then the determinant of A is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
ê 5 (2 sin q) - d (- sin q) + 2 + 2d ú
(a) 1/3 (b) 3 (c) 1/81 (d) 1/9 ë û
25. A value of q Î (0, p/3), for which q Î [0, 2p]. If the minimum value of det (A) is 8, then a
value of d is: [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]
1 + cos 2 q sin 2 q 4 cos 6q
(a) – 5 (b) – 7
cos q 1 + sin 2 q
2
4 cos 6q
= 0, is :
cos 2 q sin 2 q 1 + 4cos 6q (c) 2 ( 2 +1 ) (d) 2 ( 2 +2 )
[April 12, 2019 (II)] 31. Let a1, a2, a3, ..., a10 be in G.P. with ai > 0 for i = 1, 2, ..., 10 and
p p 7p 7p S be the set of pairs (r, k), r, kÎN (the set of natural num-
(a) (b) (c) (d) bers) for which
9 18 24 36
26. Let a and b be the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0. Then
log e a1r a 2k log e a 2r a 3k log e a 3r a k4
y +1 a b log e a r4 a 5k log e a 5r a 6k log e a 6r a 7k = 0
a y+b 1 log e a r7 a 8k log e a 8r a 9k log e a 9r a10
k
for y �벜 0 in R, is equal to:
b 1 y+a
Then the number of elements in S, is : [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
[April 09, 2019 (I)]
(a) 4 (b) infinitely many
(a) y(y2 – 1) 2
(b) y(y – 3)
(c) 2 (d) 10
(c) y3 (d) y3 – 1
 EBD_8344
M-280 Mathematics

32. If (a) depends only on a

(b) depends only on n
éet e - t cos t e - t sin t ù
ê t ú (c) depends both on a and n
A = êe -e - t cos t - e- t sin t -e - t sin t + e - t cos t ú (d) is independent of both a and n
ê t ú
êë e 2e- t sin t -2e- t cos t úû
38. If

then A is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2

(a) invertible for all tÎR.
(a + l ) ( b + l) (c + l )
2 2 2
= kl a b c ,l ¹ 0
(b) invertible only if t = p.
(c) not invertible for any tÎR. ( a - l )2 ( b - l)2 ( c - l )2 1 1 1

p then k is equal to: [Online April 12, 2014]

(d) invertible only if t = . (a) 4labc (b) – 4labc (c) 4l2 (d) – 4l2
2
39. If a, b, c are sides of a scalene triangle, then the value of
33. Let k be an integer such that triangle with vertices
(k, –3k), (5, k) and (–k, 2) has area 28 sq. units. Then the a b c
orthocentre of this triangle is at the point : [2017] b c a is : [Online April 9, 2013]
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 3ö æ 3ö c a b
(a) ç 2, ÷ (b) ç 2, - ÷ (c) ç1, ÷ (d) ç1, - ÷
è 2ø è 2ø è 4ø è 4ø
(a) non - negative (b) negative
34. Let w be a complex number such that 2w + 1 = where =
(c) positive (d) non-positive
1 1 1 40. If a, b, c, are non ero complex numbers satisfying
2 2 a2 + b2 + c2 = 0 and
-3 . If 1 -w - 1 w = 3k, then k is equal to :
1 w2 w7 b2 + c 2 ab ac
[2017] 2 2
(a) 1 (b) – (c) (d) –1 ab c +a bc = ka2b2c2, then k is equal to
35. The number of distinct real roots of the equaiton, ac bc a 2 + b2
cos x sin x sin x
[Online May 19, 2012]
é p pù
= 0 in the interval ê - , ú is :
sin x cos x sin x (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2
sin x sin x cos x ë 4 4û
-2a a+b a+c
If b + a -2b b + c = a ( a + b)( b + c)( c + a ) ¹ 0
[Online April 9, 2016]
41.
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 3
c + a b + c -2c
36. If a, b ¹ 0, and f ( n ) = a n + b n and
then a is equal to [Online May 12, 2012]
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f ( 2 ) (a) a + b + c (b) abc
1 + f (1) 1 + f ( 2 ) 1 + f ( 3) = K (1 - a ) (1 - b ) ( a - b) (c) 4 (d) 1
2 2 2
,
1 + f ( 2 ) 1 + f ( 3) 1 + f ( 4 ) 42. The area of the triangle whose vertices are complex numbers
z, iz, z + iz in the Argand diagram is [Online May 12, 2012]
then K is equal to: [2014] (a) 2|z|2 (b) 1/2|z|2 (c) 4|z|2 (d) |z|2
1 43. The area of triangle formed by the lines oining the vertex
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) ab (d) of the parabola, x2 = 8y, to the extremities of its latus rectum
ab is [Online May 12, 2012]
(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 1 (d) 4
44. Let a, b, c be such that b(a + c) ¹ 0 if [2009]
r 2r - 1 3r - 2
n a a + 1 a –1 a +1 b +1 c –1
37. If D r = n -1 a
2 –b b + 1 b –1 a –1 b -1 c + 1 = 0,
+
1 1 c –1 c + 1 n+2 n +1
n(n - 1) (n - 1)2 (n - 1)(3n - 4) c (-1) a (-1) b ( -1) n c
2 2
then the value of n is :
n -1 (a) any even integer (b) any odd integer
then the value of å Dr [Online April 19, 2014] (c) any integer (d) ero
r =1
Determinants M-281

1 1 1 Adjoint of a Matrix, Inverse of a

45. If D = 1 1 + x 1 for x ¹ 0, y ¹ 0 , then D is TOPIC Đ Matrix, Some Special Cases of
Matrix, Rank of a Matrix
1 1 1+ y
(a) divisible by x but not y [2007] é 2 -1 1 ù
(b) divisible by y but not x = ê -1 0 2 úú
(c) divisible by neither x nor y 51. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that ad A ê and
êë 1 -2 -1úû
(d) divisible by both x and y
46. If a1 , a2 , a3 , ............, an , ...... are in G. P., then the B = ad(ad A). If | A |= l and | ( B-1 )T |= m, then the ordered
determinant pair, (| l |, m) is equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
log an log an + 1 log an + 2 æ 1ö æ 1ö
(a) ç 3, ÷ (b) ç 9, ÷
D = log an + 3 log an + 4 log an + 5 è 81 ø è 9ø
log an + 6 log an + 7 log an + 8 æ 1ö
(c) (3, 81) (d) ç 9, ÷
is equal to [2005] è 81 ø
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 4 (d) 2
é1 1 2ù
2 2 2 ê ú
47. If a + b + c = – 2 and [2005] 52. If the matrices A = ê1 3 4ú , B = ad A
êë1 -1 3úû
1 + a2 x (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
2 2 2 ad B
f (x) = (1 + a ) x 1 + b x (1 + c ) x , and C = 3A, then is equal to : [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
C
(1 + a2 ) x (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c 2 x
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 72 (d) 2
then f (x) is a polynomial of degree é 5 2a 1 ù
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 2 ê ú
53. If B = ê 0 2 1 ú is the inverse of a 3 × 3 matrix A, then
48. If a1, a2 , a3 ,......, an ,.... are in G.P., then the value of the ë a 3 -1û
determinant [2004] the sum of all values of a for which det (A) + 1 = 0, is :
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
log an log an+1 log an+ 2
(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) 2
log an+ 3 log an+ 4 log an +5
, is
log an+ 6 log an+ 7 log an+8 é1 1ù é1 2 ù é1 3ù é1 n – 1ù é1 78 ù
54. If ê 0 1ú × ê0 1 ú × ê 0 1 ú ............ ê 0 =
1 úû êë0 1 úû
,
ë û ë û ë û ë
(a) –2 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 0 é1 n ù
If a > 0 and discriminant of ax2+2bx+c is –ve, then     � 矄 ᨨ ê 0 1 ú �矄
[April 09, 2019 (II)]
49. ë û
a b ax + b
é 1 0ù é1 -13ù
b bx + c is equal to
c [2002] (a) ê12 1 ú
ë û
(b) ê ú
ë0 1 û
ax + b bx + c 0
é1 -12 ù é 1 0ù
(a) +ve (b) (ac-b2)(ax2+2bx+c) (c) ê0 1 ú (d) ê13 1 ú
ë û ë û
(c) –ve (d) 0
50. l, m, n are the pth, qth and rth term of a G. P. all positive, 55. Let A and B be two invertible matrices of order 3 × 3. If
det (ABAT) = 8 and det (AB–1) = 8, then det (BA–1 BT) is
log l p 1 equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
then log m q 1 equals [2002]
1
log n r 1 (a) (b) 1
4
(a) –1 (b) 2
1
(c) 1 (d) 0 (c) (d) 16
16
 EBD_8344
M-282 Mathematics

Then :
écos q - sin qù (a) Both the statements are true.
56. If A = ê ú , then the matrix A–50 when
ë sin q cos q û (b) Both the statements are false.
(c) Statement–I is true, but Statement-II is false.
p
q= , is equal to: [Jan 09, 2019 (I)] (d) Statement I is false, but Statement-II is true.
12 63. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix such that |5.adA| = 5, then |A| is
é 1 3ù é 3 1ù equal to : [Online April 11, 2015]
ê - ú ê - ú
2 2 ú 2 2ú 1 1
ê ê (a) ± (b) ± (c) ±1 (d) ±5
(a) ê 3 1 ú (b) ê 1 3ú 5 25
ê ú ê ú
ë 2 2 û ë 2 2 û 64. If A is an 3 × 3 non-singular matrix such that AA' = A'A and
é 3 B = A–1A', then BB' equals: [2014]
1 ù é 1 3ù
ê ú ê ú
ê 2 2 ú ê 2 2 ú (a) B –1 (b) ( B )¢
-1
(c) I + B (d) I
(c) ê 1 3ú (d) ê 3 1 ú
ê- ú ê- ú 65. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that
ë 2 2 û ë 2 2 û
é 1 2 3ù é 0 0 1 ù
é1 2ù
57. Let A be a matrix such that A . ê ú is a scalar matrix and A êê0 2 3úú = êê1 0 0úú
ë 0 3û êë0 1 1úû êë0 1 0úû
|3A| = 108. Then A2 equals [Online April 15, 2018]
Then A–1 is: [Online April 11, 2014]
é 4 – 32 ù é 4 0ù
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ë 0 36 û ë – 32 36 û é3 1 2 ù é3 2 1 ù
ê3 0 2 ú ê3 2 0 ú
é 36 0 ù é36 – 32 ù (a) ê ú (b) ê ú
(c) ê ú (d) ê
ë – 32 4 û ë0 4 úû ëê1 0 1 úû ëê1 1 0 úû
58. Suppose A is any 3 × 3 non-singular matrix and
(A – 3I) (A – 5I) = O, where I = I3 and O = O3. If aA + bA –1 = 4I, é 0 1 3ù é 1 2 3ù
ê 0 2 3ú ê0 1 1ú
then a + b is equal to [Online April 15, 2018] (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
(a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 7 êë1 1 1úû êë0 2 3úû
é 2 -3ù
59. If A = ê 2
ú , then ad (3A + 12A) is equal to : [2017] é 1 a 3ù
ë -4 1 û
66. If P = êê 1 3 3úú is the adoint of a 3 × 3 matrix A and
é 72 -63ù é 72 -84 ù êë 2 4 4úû
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ë -84 51 û ë -63 51 û |A| = 4, then a is equal to : [2013]
é 51 63ù é 51 84 ù (a) 4 (b) 11 (c) 5 (d) 0
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú 67. Let P and Q be 3 ´ 3 matrices P ¹ Q. If P3= Q3 and
ë84 72 û ë 63 72 û
P2Q = Q2P then determinant of (P2 + Q2) is equal to :
60. Let A be any 3 × 3 invertible matrix. Then which one of the (a) – 2 (b) 1 [2012]
following is not always true ? [Online April 8, 2017] (c) 0 (d) – 1
(a) ad (A)= |A| . A–1
æ1 0 0ö
(b) ad (ad(A)) = |A|.A
(c) ad (ad(A)) = |A|2 .(ad(A))–1 68. Let A = çç 2 1 0 ÷÷ . If u1 and u2 are column matrices such
(d) ad (ad(A)) = |A|.(ad(A))–1 ç 3 2 1÷
è ø
é5a - b ù
61. If A = ê T
ú and A ad A = A A , then 5a + b is equal to: æ1ö æ0ö
ç ÷
ë3 2û that Au1 = çç 0 ÷÷ and Au2 = ç 1 ÷ , then u1 + u2 is equal to :
[2016] ç0÷ ç0÷
(a) 4 (b) 13 (c) –1 (d) 5 è ø è ø
62. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that A2 – 5A + 7I = 0. [2012]
-1 1 æ -1 ö æ -1 ö æ -1 ö æ1ö
Statement–I : A = (5I - A) .
7 ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷
(c) ç -1 ÷ (d) ç -1 ÷
1
Statement II : the polynomial A3 – 2A2 – 3A + a can be (a) ç 1 ÷ (b) ç ÷
ç0÷ ç -1 ÷ ç0÷ ç -1 ÷
reduced to 5 (A – 4I). [Online April 10, 2016] è ø è ø è ø è ø
Determinants M-283

2
é0 0 a ù 74. If A – A + I = 0 , then the inverse of A is [2005]
69. If AT denotes the transpose of the matrix A = ê0 b c ú , (a) A + I (b) A (c) A – I (d) I – A
ê ú
ëêd e f úû
æ 1 -1 1 ö æ 4 2 2ö
where a, b, c, d, e and f are integers such that abd ¹ 0, then 75. ç ÷
Let A = 2 1 -3 . and B = ç -5 0 a ÷ . If B is the
the number of such matrices for which A–1 = AT is ç ÷ ç ÷
è1 1 1 ø è 1 -2 3 ø
[Online May 19, 2012]
(a) 2(3!) (b) 3(2!) (c) 23 (d) 32 inverse of matrix A, then a is [2004]
éa 0 ù (a) 5 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) –2
70. Let A and B be real matrices of the form ê ú and
ë 0 bû æ 0 0 -1ö
é0 g ù 76. Let A = ç 0 -1 0 ÷ . The only correct
ç ÷
ê d 0 ú , respectively. [Online May 12, 2012] è -1 0 0 ø
ë û
Statement 1: AB – BA is always an invertible matrix. statement about the matrix A is [2004]
Statement 2: AB – BA is never an identity matrix.
(a) A2 = I
(a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
(b) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. (b) A = (–1) I, where I is a unit matrix
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is -1
(c) A does not exist
a correct explanation of Statement 1.
(d) A is a ero matrix
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
not a correct explanation of Statement 1. Solution of System of Linear
71. Consider the following relation R on the set of real square TOPIC Ė Equations
matrices of order 3. [2011RS]
R = { ( A, B ) A = P BP for some invertible matrix P}
–1 77. The values of l and m for which the system of linear
equations [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
Statement-1 : R is equivalence relation.
x+y+z=2
Statement-2 : For any two invertible 3 ´ 3 matrices M and
x + 2y + 3z = 5
N, ( MN )
-1
= N -1 M -1 . x + 3y + lz = m
(a) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement- has infinitely many solutions are, respectively :
2 is a correct explanation for statement-1. (a) 6 and 8 (b) 5 and 7
(b) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is
not a correct explanation for statement-1. (c) 5 and 8 (d) 4 and 9
(c) Statement-1 is true, stement-2 is false. 78. The sum of distinct values of l for whcih the system of
(d) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true. equations
72. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix
(l - 1) x + (3l + 1) y + 2lz = 0
Statement -1 : ad (ad A) = A
Statement -2 : |ad A |= |A| [2009] (l - 1) x + (4l - 2) y + (l + 3) z = 0
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true. Statement-2 2x + (3l + 1) y + 3(l – 1) z = 0,
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
has non- ero solutions, is ______. [NA Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(c) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true. 79. Let l Î R . The system of linear equations
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement -2 is true. 2 x1 - 4 x2 + lx3 = 1 [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
73. Let A be a square matrix all of whose entries are integers. x1 - 6 x2 + x3 = 2
Then which one of the following is true? [2008] lx1 - 10 x2 + 4 x3 = 3
(a) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 exists but all its entries are not
(a) exactly one negative value of l
necessarily integers
(b) If det A ¹ ± 1, then A–1 exists and all its entries are non (b) exactly one positive value of l
integers (c) every value of l
(c) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 exists but all its entries are
integers (d) exactly two value of l
(d) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 need not exists
 EBD_8344
M-284 Mathematics

80. If the system of linear equations 85. Let S be the set of all l Î R for which the system of linear
x + y + 3z = 0 equations [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
2x - y + 2z = 2
x + 3y + k2z = 0
x - 2 y + lz = -4
3x + y + 3z = 0
x + ly + z = 4
has a non- ero solution (x, y, z) for some k ÎR, then has no solution. Then the set S
æ yö (a) contains more than two elements.
x + ç ÷ is equal to : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] (b) is an empty set.
è zø
(c) is a singleton.
(a) – 3 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) – 9 (d) contains exactly two elements.
81. If the system of equations x - 2 y + 3 z = 9 , 2x + y + z = b 86. Let A = {X = (x, y, z)T : PX = 0 and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1},
x - 7 y + az = 24, has infinitely many solutions, then
é1 2 1ù
where P = êê -2 3 -4 úú , then the set A :
a – b is equal to __________. [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
82. Suppose the vectors x1, x2 and x3 are the solutions of the
system of linear equations, Ax = b when the vector b on êë 1 9 -1úû
[Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
the right side is equal to b1, b2 and b3 respectively. If
(a) is a singleton
é1ù é 0ù é0ù é1ù é 0ù (b) is an empty set
x1 = ê1ú , x2 = ê 2ú , x3 = ê0ú , b1 = ê0ú , b2 = ê 2ú and (c) contains more than two elements
êú ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú (d) contains exactly two elements
ëê1ûú êë1 ûú ëê1ûú ëê0ûú ëê 0ûú
é ù
0 87. The following system of linear equations
b3= ê0ú , then the determinant of A is equal to : 7x + 6y – 2z = 0
ê ú 3x + 4y + 2z = 0
êë 2úû
x – 2y – 6z = 0, has [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
[Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] (a) infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) satisfying y = 2z.
(a) 4 (b) 2 (b) no solution.
(c) infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) satisfying x = 2z.
1 3
(c) (d) (d) only the trivial solution.
2 2
83. If the system of equations 88. For which of the following ordered pairs (m, d), the system
x+ y+ z = 2 of linear equations
x + 2y + 3z = 1
2x + 4 y - z = 6 3x + 4y + 5z = m
3x + 2 y + lz = m 4x + 4y + 4z = d
is inconsistent? [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
has infinitely many solutions, then : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
(a) (4, 3) (b) (4, 6)
(a) l + 2m = 14 (b) 2l - m = 5 (c) (1, 0) (d) (3, 4)
(c) l - 2m = -5 (d) 2l + m = 14 89. The system of linear equations
84. Let S be the set of all integer solutions, (x, y, z), of the lx + 2y + 2z = 5
system of equations
2lx + 3y + 5z = 8
x - 2 y + 5z = 0
4x + ly + 6z = 10 has: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
-2 x + 4 y + z = 0
(a) no solution when l = 8
-7 x + 14 y + 9 z = 0
(b) a unique solution when l = –8
such that 15 £ x2 + y 2 + z 2 £ 150. Then, the number of
elements in the set S is equal to ____________. (c) no solution when l = 2
[NA Sep. 03, 2020 (II)] (d) infinitely many solutions when l = 2
Determinants M-285

90. If the system of linear equations 95. The greatest value of c Î R for which the system of linear
equations
2x + 2ay + az = 0 x – cy – cz = 0; cx – y + cz = 0; cx + cy – z = 0
2x + 3by + bz = 0 has a non-trivial solution, is : [April 08, 2019 (I)]
1
2x + 4cy + cz = 0, (a) –1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 0
2
where a, b, c ÎR are non- ero and distinct; has a non- ero 96. If the system of linear equations
solution, then: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] x – 2y + kz = 1
2x + y + z = 2
1 1 1 3x – y – kz = 3
(a) , , are in A.P..
a b c has a solution (x, y, z), z ¹ 0, then (x, y) lies on the straight
(b) a, b, c are in G.P. line whose equation is : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
(a) 3x – 4y – 1 = 0 (b) 4x – 3y – 4 = 0
(c) a + b + c = 0
(c) 4x – 3y – 1 = 0 (d) 3x – 4y – 4 = 0
(d) a, b, c are in A.P. 97. An ordered pair (a, b) for which the system of linear
equations
91. If the system of linear equations,
(1 +a) x + by + = 2
x+y+z=6 ax + (1 + b)y + = 3
ax + by + 2 = 2
x + 2y + 3z = 10
has a unique solution, is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
3x + 2y + lz = m (a) (2, 4) (b) (–3, 1)
(c) (–4, 2) (d) (1, – 3)
has more than two solutions, then m – l2 is equal to
98. The set of all values of l for which the system of linear
_________. [NA Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] equations
92. If the system of linear equations x – 2y – 2 = lx
x + y+ = 5 x + 2y + = ly
–x – y = l2
x + 2y + 2 = 6
has a non-trivial solution : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
x + 3y + l = m, (l, m Î R), has infinitely many solutions, (a) is a singleton
then the value of l + m is : [April 10, 2019 (I)] (b) contains exactly two elements
(a) 12 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 10 (c) is an empty set
93. Let l be a real number for which the system of linear (d) contains more than two elements
equations: 99. If the system of linear equations
2x + 2y + 3 = a
x+y+z=6
3x – y + 5 = b
4x + ly – lz = l –2 x – 3y + 2 = c
3x + 2y – 4z = –5 where, a, b, c are non- ero real numbers, has more than one
has infinitely many solutions. Then l is a root of the solution, then : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
quadratic equation : [April 10, 2019 (II)] (a) b – c + a = 0 (b) b – c – a = 0
(c) a + b + c = 0 (d) b + c – a = 0
(a) l2 + 3l – 4 = 0 (b) l2 – 3l – 4 = 0
100. The number of values of q Î (0, p) for which the system of
(c) l2 +l – 6 = 0 (d) l2 – l – 6 = 0
linear equations
94. If the system of equations 2x + 3y – z =0, x + ky – 2z = 0 and
x + 3y + 7z = 0
2x – y + z = 0 has a non-trivial solution (x, y, z), then
– x + 4y + 7z = 0
x y z
+ + + k is equal to: [April 09, 2019 (II)] (sin 3q)x + (cos 2q)y + 2z = 0
y z x
has a non-trivial solution, is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
3 1 1 (a) three (b) two
(a) (b) (c) - (d) –4
4 2 4 (c) four (d) one
 EBD_8344
M-286 Mathematics

101. If the system of equations [Jan 10, 2019 (I)] (a) a singleton
x+y+z=5 (b) an empty set
x + 2y + 3z = 9 (c) an infinite set
(d) a finite set containing two or more elements
x + 3y + az = b
108. The number of real values of l for which the system of
has infinitely many solutions, then b – a equals: linear equations
(a) 21 (b) 8 (c) 18 (d) 5 2x + 4y – l = 0
102. If the system of linear equations 4x + ly + 2 = 0
x – 4y + 7z = g lx + 2y + 2 = 0
3y – 5z = h has infinitely many solutions, is : [Online April 8, 2017]
– 2x + 5y – 9z = k (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
is consistent, then : [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] 109. The system of linear equations
(a) g + 2h + k = 0 x + ly – = 0
(b) g + h + 2k = 0 lx – y – = 0
(c) 2g + h + k = 0 x + y– l = 0
(d) g + h + k = 0 has a non-trivial solution for: [2016]
103. If the system of linear equations (a) exactly two values of l.
x + ky + 3 = 0 (b) exactly three values of l.
3x + ky – 2 = 0 (c) infinitely many values of l.
2x + 4y – 3 = 0 (d) exactly one value of l.
110. The set of all values of l for which the system of linear
x
has a non- ero solution (x, y, ), then is equal to : equations : [2015]
y2
2x1 – 2x2 + x3 = lx1
[2018] 2x1 – 3x2 + 2x3 = lx2
(a) 10 (b) – 30 (c) 30 (d) – 10 –x1 + 2x2 = lx3
104. The number of values of k for which the system of linear has a non-trivial solution,
equations, (k + 2) x + 10y = k, kx + (k + 3) y = k – 1 has no (a) contains two elements.
solution, is [Online April 16, 2018]
(b) contains more than two elements
(a) Infinitely many (b) 3
(c) is an empty set.
(c) 1 (d) 2
(d) is a singleton
105. Let S be the set of all real values of k for which the system
111. If a, b, c are non- ero real numbers and if the system of
of linear equations
equations [Online April 9, 2014]
x+y+z=2
(a – 1)x = y + ,
2x + y – z = 3
(b – 1)y = + x,
3x + 2y + kz = 4
(c – 1) = x + y,
has a unique solution. Then S is [Online April 15, 2018]
has a non-trivial solution, then ab + bc + ca equals:
(a) an empty set (b) equal to R – {0}
(a) a + b + c (b) abc
(c) equal to {0} (d) equal to R
(c) 1 (d) – 1
106. If the system of linear equations
112. The number of values of k, for which the system of equations:
x + ay + z = 3
(k + 1) x + 8y = 4k
x + 2y + 2z = 6
kx + (k + 3)y = 3k – 1
x + 5y + 3z = b
has no solution, is [2013]
has no solution, then [Online April 15, 2018]
(a) infinite (b) 1
(a) a = 1, b ¹ 9 (b) a ¹ – 1, b = 9
(c) 2 (d) 3
(c) a = – 1, b = 9 (d) a = – 1, b ¹ 9
113. Consider the system of equations :
107. If S is the set of distinct values of ‘b’ for which the
following system of linear equations [2017] x + ay = 0, y + az = 0 and z + ax = 0. Then the set of all real
values of ‘a’ for which the system has a unique solution
x + y+ = 1
is: [Online April 25, 2013]
x + ay + = 1
(a) R – {1} (b) R – { – 1}
ax + by + = 0
(c) {1, – 1} (d) {1, 0, –1}
has no solution, then S is :
Determinants M-287

114. Statement-1: The system of linear equations 117. If the system of equations [Online May 7, 2012]
x + (sin a) y + (cos a) z = 0 x+y+z=6
x + (cos a) y + (sin a) z = 0 x + 2y + 3z = 10
x + 2y + lz = 0
x – (sin a) y – (cos a) z = 0
has a unique solution, then l is not equal to
has a non-trivial solution for only one value of a lying in
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3
æ pö 118. If the trivial solution is the only solution of the system of
the interval ç 0, ÷ .
è 2ø equations [2011RS]

Statement-2: The equation in a x - ky + z = 0

kx + 3 y - kz = 0
cos a sin a cos a
3x + y - z = 0
sin a cos a sin a =0
cos a - sin a - cos a then the set of all values of k is :
(a) R - { 2, -3} (b) R - { 2}
æ pö
has only one solution lying in the interval ç 0, ÷ . (c) R - { -3} (d) { 2, -3}
è 2ø
119. The number of values of k for which the linear equations
[Online April 23, 2013]
4x + ky + 2z = 0 , kx + 4y + z = 0 and 2x + 2y + z = 0 possess
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true, Statement-2 is a non- ero solution is [2011]
not correct explantion for Statement-1. (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) ero (d) 3
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true, Statement-2 is 120. Consider the system of linear equations; [2010]
a correct explantion for Statement-1. x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3
(d) Statememt-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. 3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1
115. If the system of linear equations : The system has
(a) exactly 3 solutions
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 6
(b) a unique solution
x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = 9
(c) no solution
2x1 + 5x2 + ax3 = b (d) infinite number of solutions
is consistent and has infinite number of solutions, then : 121. Let a, b, c be any real numbers. Suppose that there are real
[Online April 22, 2013] numbers x, y, z not all ero such that x = cy + bz, y = az + cx,
(a) a = 8, b can be any real number and z = bx + ay. Then a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc is equal to
(b) b = 15, a can be any real number (a) 2 (b) –1 [2008]
(c) 0 (d) 1
(c) a Î R - {8} and b Î R - {15} 122. The system of equations
(d) a = 8, b = l5 ax+y + = a –1
116. Statement 1: If the system of equations x + ky + 3z = 0, x + a y+ = a – 1
3x + ky – 2z = 0, 2x + 3y – 4z = 0 has a non-trivial solution, x+ y+ a = a –1
31 has infinite solutions, if a is [2005]
then the value of k is .
2 (a) – 2 (b) either – 2 or 1
Statement 2: A system of three homogeneous equations (c) not – 2 (d) 1
in three variables has a non trivial solution if the determinant 123. If the system of linear equations [2003]
of the coefficient matrix is ero. [Online May 26, 2012] x + 2ay + az = 0 ; x + 3by + bz = 0 ;
(a) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
x + 4cy + cz = 0 has a non - ero solution, then a, b, c.
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
a correct explanation for Statement 1. (a) satisfy a + 2b + 3c = 0
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, , Statement 2 is (b) are in A.P
not a correct explanation for Statement 1. (c) are in G..P
(d) are in H.P.
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
 EBD_8344
M-288 Mathematics

R1 = R1 + R3 – 2R2
é cos q sin q ù
1. (d) Q A = ê ú
ë - sin q cos q û 1 0 0
Þ f ( x) = x + b x+3 x+2
é cos nq sin nq ù x+c x+4 x+3
\ An = ê ú , n ÎN
ë - sin nq cos nq û
Þ f(x) = 1 Þ f(50) = 1
\B = A+ A 4
x sin q cos q
é cos q sin q ù é cos 4q sin 4q ù - sin q -x 1
=ê (d) D1 =
ú+ê
4.
ú cos q
ë - sin q cos q û ë - sin 4q cos 4q û 1 x
= (x – x2 – 1) – sin q (– x sin q – cos q)
é p 4p p 4p ù
ê cos 5 + cos 5 sin + sin
5 5 ú
+ cos q (– sin q + x cos q)
\B = ê ú = – x3 – x + x sin2q + sin q cos q – cos q sin q + x cos2q
ê - sin p - sin 4p p
cos + cos
4p ú
êë 5 5 5 5 úû = – x3 – x + x = – x3
Similarly, D2 = – x3 Then, D1 + D2 = – 2x3
p
Then, det( B ) = 2 sin æç ö÷ ×
0 1
x -6 -1
è 5 ø -1 0 2 -3x x-3 = 0
5. (b) Given
-3 2x x+2
10 - 2 5 2.35
= » » 1.175
2 2 On expanding,
x (– 3x2 – 6x – 2x2 + 6x) – 6 (– 3x + 9 – 2x – 4)
\ det B Î (1, 2)
– (4x – 9x) = 0
x-2 2x - 3 3x - 4 Þ x (– 5x ) – 6 (– 5x + 5) – 4x + 9x = 0
2

2. (c) D = 2 x - 3 3x - 4 4x - 5 Þ x3 – 7x + 6 = 0
3x - 5 5x - 8 10 x - 17 Q all the roots are real.
0
\ sum of real roots = =0
x-2 x -1 x -1 1
Þ D = 2x - 3 x -1 x -1 éC3 ® C3 - C2 ù
êC ® C - C ú 2 b 1
3x - 5 2 x - 3 5x - 9 ë 2 2 1û
2
b b +1 b
6. (a) |A| =
x-2 x -1 x -1 1 b 2
Þ D = x -1 0 0
[ R2 ® R2 - R1 ] = 2(2b2 + 2 – b2) – b(2b – b) + 1(b2 – b2 – 1)
3x - 5 2 x - 3 5x - 9 = 2b2 + 4 – b2 – 1 = b2 + 3
| A| 3
Þ D = -( x - 1)[( x - 1)(5 x - 9) - ( x - 1)(2 x - 3)] =b +
b b
Þ D = -( x - 1)[(5x 2 - 14 x + 9) - (2 x 2 - 5 x + 3)] 3 1
b+
= -3x + 12 x - 15x + 6
3 2
Q b ³ æ b 3ö 2 Þ b + 3 ³ 2 3
çè ø÷
2 b b
So, B + C = –3
| A|
x+a x+2 x +1 \ ³2 3
b
3. (d) If f ( x ) = x + b x +3 x +2
| A|
x+c x+4 x +3 Minimum value of is 2 3.
b
Determinants M-289

Now, A2016 – 2A2015 – A2014 = A2014 (A2 – 2A – I)

x -4 2x 2x
Þ |A2016 – 2A2015 – A2014 | = | A2014 ||A2 – 2A –I|
7. (b) Here, 2x x-4 2x = (A+Bx) (x–A)2
2x 2x x -4 20 5
= | A|2014 -15 -5 = – 25
-4 0 0
Put x = 0 Þ 0 -4 0 = A3 Þ A3 = (-4)3 x2 + x x +1 x -2
2
0 0 -4 10. (a) Let 2x + 3x - 1 3x 3x - 3 = ax – 12
2
Þ A = -4 x + 2x + 3 2x - 1 2x - 1

x-4 2x 2x Put x = – 1 , we get

Þ 2x x-4 2x = (Bx - 4)(x + 4) 2
0 0 -3
2x 2x x-4
-2 -3 0
Now take x common from both the sides = –a – 12
2 -3 -3
Þ –3 (6 + 6) = –a – 12 Þ – 36 + 12 = a
1-
4
2x 2x Þ a = 24
x
4 4 4 x 1 1
2x 1- 2x = (B- )(1 + ) 2
\ x x x 1 y 1 ³0
11. (d)
4 1 1
2x 2x 1-
x
xy – x – y – + 2 ³ 0
xy + 2 ³ x + y + > 3 (xy )1/3
1
Now take x ® ¥ , then ®0 xy + 2 – 3(xy )1/3 ³ 0
x
ut(xy ) = t3
1 2 2 t3 – 3t + 2 ³ 0
Þ 2 1 2 =BÞ B =5 (t + 2) (t – 1)2 ³ 0
2 2 1 [t = – 2] t3 = – 8

\ ordered pair (A, B) is (–4, 5) 1 cos q 1

8. (c) Since the given determinant is equal to ero. - sin q 1 - cos q
Þ 0 (0 – cos x sin x) – cos x(0 – cos2x) – sin x 12. (c) Let f (q) =
(sin2x – 0) = 0 -1 sin q 1
Þ cos3x – sin3x = 0
Þ tan3 = 1 Þ tan x = 1 = (1 + sin q cos q) - cos q( - sin q - cos q) + 1( - sin 2 q + 1)

æp ö tan p 3 + tan x = 1 + sin q cos q + sin q cos q + cos2 q - sin 2 q + 1

\ å tan çè 3 + x ÷ø = xå
Î s 1 - tan p 3.tan x = 2 + 2sin q cos q + cos 2q
xÎ s
= 2 + sin 2q + cos 2q ...(1)
3 +1
å 1- 3
Now, maximum value of (1)
xÎ s
is 2 + 12 + 12 = 2 + 2
3 +1 1+ 3 1+ 3+ 2 3 and minimum value of (1) is
å 1- ´
3 1+ 3
Þ å -2
xÎ s xÎs 2 - 12 + 12 = 2 - 2 .
= -2 - 3 13. (a) det [(I + B)50 – 50B]

é -4 -1ù é -4 -1ù é -4 -1ù = det [50C0 I + 50

C1 B + 50
C2 B2 + 50
C3 B3 + ...
9. (d) A = ê 3 1 ú Þ A2 = ê 3 1 ú ê 3 1 úû
50 50
+ C50 B B – 50B] 50
ë û ë ûë
{All terms having Bn, 2 £ n £ 50
é13 3 ù will be ero because given that B2 = 0}
= ê -9 -2 ú and |A| = 1.
ë û = det [I + 50B – 50B] = det [I] = 1
 EBD_8344
M-290 Mathematics

14. (d) The matrices in the form

éa b ù
17. (b) Let A = ê ú where a, b, c, d ¹ 0
é a11 a12 ù ëc d û
êë a21 a22 úû , aij Î {0, 1, 2}, a11 = a12 are
éa b ù éa b ù
A2 = ê úê ú=I
é 0 0 /1/ 2ù é 1 0 /1/ 2 ù é 2 0 /1/ 2ù ëc d û ëc d û
êë 0 /1/ 2 , ,
0 úû êë0 /1/ 2 1 úû êë0 /1/ 2 2 úû éa 2 + bc ab + bd ù é1 0 ù
Þ A2 = ê ú=ê
0 1 úû
ëê ac + cd bc + d ûú ë
At any place, 0/1/2 means 0, 1 or 2 will be the element at 2
that place.
Þ a 2 + bc = 1, bc + d 2 = 1
Hence there are total 27 = 3 × 3 + 3 × 3 + 3 × 3) matrices of the
above form. Out of which the matrices which are singular ab + bd = ac + cd = 0
are c ¹ 0 and b ¹ 0 Þ a + d = 0

é 0 0 / 1/ 2 ù é 0 0 ù é1 1ù é 2 2ù | A |= ad - bc = -a 2 - bc = -1
êë 0 , , ,
0 úû êë1/ 2 0 úû êë1 1úû êë 2 2úû Also if A ¹ I, then tr(A) = a + d = 0.
\ Statement-1 true and statement-2 false.
Hence there are total 7(= 3 + 2 + 1 + 1) singular matrices.
Therefore number of all non-singular matrices in the given éa b ù
18. (d) Let A = ê ú
form = 27 – 7 = 20 ëc d û

é a b ù é a b ù é1 0ù Given that A2 = I
15. (b) ê c d ú ê c d ú = ê0 1ú
ë ûë û ë û é a 2 + bc ab + bd ù é1 0 ù
Þ ê ú=ê ú
êë ac + cd bc + d 2 úû ë 0 1 û
é a 2 + bc ab + bd ù é1 0 ù
ê ú=ê ú Þ a2 + bc = 1 and ab + bd =0
êë ac + cd bc + d 2 úû ë 0 1 û
ac + cd = 0 and bc + d2 = 1
b(a + d) = 0, b = 0 or a = –d … (1) From these four equations,
c(a + d) = 0, c = 0 or a = – d … (2) a2 + bc = bc + d2 Þ a2 = d2
a2 + bc = 1, bc + d2 = 1 … (3) and b(a + d) = 0 = c(a + d) Þ a = – d
|A| = ad – bc = –a2 – bc = –1
‘a’ and ‘d’ are diagonal elements a + d = 0
statement-1 is correct. Also if A ¹ I then tr(A) = a + d = 0
\ Statement 2 is false.
Now, det( A) =ad - bc
é 5 5a a ù
Now, from (3) a 2 + bc = 1 and d 2 + bc = 1 19. (a) Given that A = ê 0 a 5a ú and | A2 | = 25
ê ú
So, a 2 - d 2 = 0 ë0 0 5û

Adding a 2 + d 2 + 2bc = 2 é5 5a a ù é5 5a a ù
\ A2 = ê0 a 5a ú ê0 a 5a ú
Þ (a + d )2 - 2ad + 2bc = 2 ê úê ú
ë0 0 5 û ë0 0 5û
or 0 - 2(ad - bc) = 2
é 25 25a + 5a 2 5a + 25a 2 + 5a ù
So, ad - bc = 1 Þ det( A) = –1 ê ú
=ê0 a2 5a 2 + 25a ú
So, statement – 2 is also true. êë 0 0 25 úû
But statement – 2 is not the correct explanation of
statement-1. \ | A2 | = 25 (25a 2 )
16. (d) We know that determinant of skew symmetric matrix
1
of odd order is ero. \ 25 = 25 (25a 2 ) Þ | a | =
5
So, statement-1 is true.
T
( )
We know that det A = det (A).
1 wn w 2n
20. (b) D = wn w 2n 1
det (– A) = – (– 1)n det (A).
2n
where A is a n ´ n order matrix. w 1 wn
So, statement-2 is false.
Determinants M-291

Expand through R1 25. (a) C1 ® C1 + C2

(
3n n 2n
= 1 w -1 - w w - w )
2n
(
+ w 2n w n - w 4n ) ( ) 2 sin 2 q 4cos 6q
2 1 + sin q
2
4 cos 6q = 0
= w 3n - 1 - 0 + w 3n - w 6 n
1 sin 2 q 1 + 4 cos 6q
= 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 = 0 éQ w3n = 1ù R1 ® R1 – R2 , R2 ® R2 – R3
ë û
21. (b) Applying C2 ® C2 - C1 0 -1 0
1 1 -1 =0
- sin 2 q -1 1
1 sin q (1 + 4cos 6q)
2

f (q) = - cos 2 q -1 1
12 -2 -2 On expanding, we get 2 + 4 cos 6q = 0
1 æ pö
= 4(cos2 q - sin 2 q) cos 6q = - Q qÎ ç 0, ÷ Þ 6q (0, 2p)
2 è 3ø
æ p pö
= 4 cos 2q, q Î ç , ÷ 2p 4p p 2p
è 4 2ø Therefore, 6q = or Þ q = or
3 3 9 9
Max. f (q) = M = 0 26. (c) Let a = w and b = w2 are roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0
Min. f (q) = m = -4
y +1 w w2
So, (m, M ) = ( -4, 0)
& Let D = w y + w2 1 =D
22. (b) Use properties of determinant
2
x a+ y x+a x a x+a x 1 x +a w 1 y+w
y b+ y y +b = y b y +b + y y 1 y +b
Applying C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3
z c+ y z+c z c z +c z 1 z +c
x 1 x+a y + 1 + w + w2 w w2
=0+ y y- x 0 0 é R2 ® R2 - R1 , ù D = y + 1 + w + w2 y + w2 1
ê ú
z-x 0 -1 ë R3 ® R3 - R1 û
1 + w + w2 + y 1 y+w
= - y ( x - y ) = - y (b - a) = y (a - b)

0 2 1 y w w2
1
23. (b) D= 1 -1 1 = 5 D= y y + w2 1 (Q 1 + w + w2 = 0)
2
x¢ y ¢ 1 y 1 y+w

Þ – 2(1 – x¢) + (y ¢ + x¢) = ± 10

Þ – 2 + 2x¢ + y¢ + x¢ = ± 10 1 w w2
Þ 3x¢ + y¢ = 12 or 3x¢ + y¢ = – 8 D = y 1 y + w2 1
\ l = 3, – 2 1 1 y+w
24. (d) It is given that |B| = 81

Applying R2 ® R2 - R1 & R3 ® R3 - R1
b11 b12 b13 30 a11 31 a12 32 a13
\ B = b21 b22 b23 = 31 a21 32 a22 33 a23 y + w2 - w 1 - w2
b31 b32 b33 2 3 4 =D y
3 a31 3 a32 3 a33 1- w y + w - w2

Þ 81 = 33 × 32 × 31 |A|
=Þ D y é y - (w - w2 )( y + (w - w2 ) - (1 - w)(1 - w2 ) ù
1
ë û
Þ 34 = 36 |A| Þ A =
9 =Þ D y é y 2 - (w - w2 )2 - 1 + w2 + w - w3 ù
ë û
 EBD_8344
M-292 Mathematics

C1 ® C1 – C3, C2 ® C2 – C3
Þ D = y é y 2 - w2 - w4 + 2w3 - 1 + w2 + w4 - w3 ù
ë û
0 0 1
(Q w4 = w)
0 – b –c –a 2b
Þ D = y (y2) = y3 D = (a + b + c)
c +a +b c+a+b c –a –b
1 1 1
= (a + b + c) (a + b + c)2
2 b c
27. (c) Consider, | A | = Hence, x = –2(a + b + c)
4 b2 c2

C2 ® C2 - C1 , C3 ® C3 - C1 -2 4+d sin q - 2
1 sin q + 2 d
1 0 0 30. (a) det(A) =
5 2sin q - d - sin q + 2 + 2d
2 b-2 c-2
|A|=
4 (b - 2)(b + 2) (c - 2)(c + 2) Applying R3 ® R3 - 2 R2 + R1 we get
= (b – 2) (c – 2) (c – b)
-2 4+d sin q - 2
\ 2, b, c are in A.P.
1 sin q + 2 d
\ (b – 2) = (c – b) = d and c – 2 = 2d det (A) =
1 0 0
Þ | A | = d.2d.d = 2d3
Q| A |Î [2,16] Þ 1 £ d 3 £ 8 Þ 1 £ d £ 2 = d(4 + d) – (sin2q – 4)
4 £ 2d + 2 £ 6 Þ 4 £ c £ 6 Þ det (A) = d2 + 4d + 4 – sin2q = (d + 2)2 – sin2q
Minimum value of det (A) is attained when sin2q = 1
1 sin q 1
\ (d + 2)2 –1 = 8 Þ (d + 2)2 = 9 Þ d + 2 = ± 3
- sin q 1 sin q
28. (d) |A| = Þ d = –5 or 1
-1 - sin q 1
31. (b) Let common ratio of G.P. be R
0 0 2 Þ a2 = a1R, a3 = a1R2, ... a10 = a1R9
- sin q 1 sin q C1 ® C1 – C2, C2 ® C2 – C3
= R1 ® R1 + R3
-1 - sin q 1
= 2(sin2q + 1) æ ar ak ö æ ar ak ö
ln ç 1r 2k ÷ ln ç 2r 3k ÷ ln a3r a4k
æ 3p 5p ö æ 1ö è a2 a3 ø è a3 a4 ø
Since, q Î çè , ÷ø Þ sin2q Î çè 0, ÷ø
4 4 2 æ ar ak ö æ ar ak ö
ln ç 4r 5k ÷ ln ç 5r 6k ÷ ln a6r a7k
\ det(A) Î [2, 3) è a5 a6 ø è a6 a7 ø
D=
æ3 ù a7r a8k æ ar ak ö
[2, 3) Ì çè , 3ú ln ln ç r8 k9 ÷ ln a9r a10
k
2 û
a8r a9k è a9 a10 ø
a –b–c 2a 2a
2b b–c –a 2b
29. (d) D =
2c 2c c –a –b 1 1
ln ln ln a3r a4k
Rr +k R r +k
R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3 1 1
ln r + k ln r +k ln a6r a7k = 0
a +b+c a +b+c a +b+c D= R R
2b b–c–a 2b 1 1
D= ln r + k ln r +k ln a9r a10
k

2c 2c c –a –b R R

1 1 1 "r , K Î N
2b b–c–a 2b Hence, number of elements in S is infinitely many.
= (a + b + c)
2c 2c c – a –b
Determinants M-293

32. (a) det(A) = |A|

\ æ b - 2 öæ 8 ö = –1
ç ÷ç ÷
è a + 2 øè 3 ø
et e -t cos t e -t sin t
Þ 3a + 8b = 1 ... (2)
et - e -t cos t - e- t sin t - e- t sin t + e- t cos t Solving (1) and (2), we get
=
et 2e- t sin t -2e -t cos t 1
a = 2, b =
2
1 cos t sin t æ 1ö
et × e -t × e -t 1 - cost - sint - sin t + cos t orthocentre is ç 2, ÷
= è 2ø
1 2sin t -2cos t 34. (b) Given 2w + 1 = z;
3i - 1
and = 3i Þ w =
2
0 2cos t + sin t 2sin t - cos t Þ w is complex cube root of unity
R1 ® R1 - R2
e -t 0 - cos t - 3sin t - sin t + 3cos t Applying R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3
= R2 ® R2 + R3
1 2sin t -2cos t 3 0 0
1 -w - 1 w22
=
1 w2 w
0 -5sin t 5cos t
= 3 (–1 – w – w) = –3 (1 + 2w) = – 3
e -t 0 - cos t - 3sin t - sin t + 3cos t R1 ® R1 + 2 R2
= Þ k=–
1 2sin t -2cos t
cos x sin x sin x
= e–t[(–5 sin t)(–sin t + 3 cos t) – 5 cos t (–cos t – 3 sin t)
35. (c) sin x cos x sin x = 0
= 5e–t ¹ 0, V t Î R sin x sin x cos x
\ A is invertible.
R1 ® R1 – R2
33. (a) Let A (k, –3k), B(5, k) and C(–k + 2),
R2 ® R2 – R3
we have
k -3k 1 cos x - sin x sin x - cos x 0
1 cos x - sin x sin x - cos x = 0
5 k 1 = 28 0
2
-k 2 1 sin x sin x cos x
Þ 5k + 13k – 46 = 0
2
C2 ® C2 + C3
or 5k2 + 13k + 66 = 0
cos x - sin x sin x - cos x 0
Now, 5k2 + 13k – 46 = 0
0 0 sin x - cos x = 0
-13 ± 1089 -23
Þ k= \ k= ;k = 2 sin x sin x cos x
10 5
since k is an integer, \ k = 2 Expanding using second row
Also 5k2 + 13k + 66 = 0 2 sin x (sin x – cos x)2 = 0
sin x = 0 or sin x = cos x
-13 ± -1151 p
Þ k= x = 0 or x =
10 4
So no real solution exist 36. (a) Consider
A(2, –6), B(5, 2) and C(–2, 2)
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2)
For orthocentre H (a, b)
1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3)
BH ^ AC
1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) 1 + f (4)
æ b - 2 öæ 8 ö
\ ç ÷ç ÷ = –1
è a - 5 øè -4 ø 1+1 +1 1+ a + b 1 + a 2 + b2
Þ a – 2b = 1 ...(1) = 1+ a + b 1 + a 2 + b2 1 + a 3 + b3
Also CH ^ AB
1 + a 2 + b2 1 + a3 + b3 1 + a 4 + b4
 EBD_8344
M-294 Mathematics

1 1 1 1 1 1 a2 b2 c2
= 1 a b ´ 1 a b 1
[Q |A| = |A |] 2 2 2 2 2 2
D = (a + l ) - (a - l ) (b + l ) - (b - l ) (c + l ) - (c - l )
2 2 2 2
1 a b 1 a b ( a - l )2 (b - l )2 (c - l ) 2

2
1 1 1
a b a2 b2 c2
= 1 = [(1 – a) (1 – b) (a – b)]2
= 4al 4bl 4c l
1 a2 b2
2 2
(a - l ) (b - l ) (c - l ) 2
So, K = 1
n -1
n (n - 1) (Q ( x + y )2 - ( x - y )2 = 4 xy )
37. (d) å r = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + (n – 1) =
2
r =1 Taking out 4 common from R2
n -1
å (2 r - 1) = 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + [2 (n – 1) – 2] a2 b2 c2
r =1 al bl cl
= (n – 1)2 =4
n -1 a + l - 2al b + l - 2bl c + l 2 - 2cl
2 2 2 2 2

å (3r - 2) = 1 + 4 + 7 + .. + (3n – 3 – 2)
r =1 Apply R3 ® [R3 – (R1 – 2R2)]
(n - 1)(3n - 4)
= a2 b2 c2
2
= 4 al bl cl
Sr S (2 r - 1) S (3r - 2) l 2
l 2
l2
n -1
å
n
\ Dr = n -1 a Taking out l common from R2 and l2 from R3.
r =1 2
n(n - 1) ( n - 1)(3n - 4)
(n - 1)2 a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
2 2 2
= 4l ( l ) a b c = kl a b c
n -1
å
1 1 1 1 1 1
D r consists of (n – 1) determinants in L.H.S. and
r =1
Þ k = 4l2
in R.H.S every constituent of first row consists of
(n – 1) elements and hence it can be splitted into sum
of (n – 1) determinants. a b c a +b +c a+b+c a+b+c
n(n - 1) (n - 1)(3n - 4) 39. (b) b c a = b c a
(n - 1)2
2 2 c a b c a b
n -1
\ å Dr =
n
n -1 a
r =1 2 1 1 1
n(n - 1) (n - 1)(3n - 4) = (a + b + c) b c a
(n - 1)2 c a b
2 2
=0
(Q R1 and R3 are identical) 0 0 1
= (a + b + c) b - c c-a a
n -1
c-a a -b b
Hence, value of å Dr is independent of both 'a' and 'n'.
r =1 = (a + b + c) [ab + bc + ca – a2 – b2 – c2]
= – (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
a2 b2 c2
Since a, b, c are sides of a scalene triangle, therefore at
(a + l)2 (b + l )2 (c + l ) 2 least two of the a, b, c will be unequal.
38. (c) Let D =
\ (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 > 0
(a - l)2 (b - l )2 (c - l ) 2
Also a + b + c > 0
Apply R2 ® R2 – R3 \ – (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2] < 0
Determinants M-295

b2 + c 2 ab ac 0 2 ( a + b) a - c
D = 2 ( a + b) 0 b-c
40. (c) Let D = ab c2 + a 2 bc
a-c b-c -2c
ac bc a + b2
2

On expanding, we get
Multiply C1 by a, C2 by b and C3 by c and hence divide by D = – 2 (a + b) {– 2c [2(a + b)] – (a – c) (b – c)}
abc.
+ (a – c) [2(a + b) (b – c)]

(
a b2 + c 2 ) ab2 ac 2 D = 8c (a + b) (a + b) + 4 (a + b) (a – c) (b – c)
= 4 (a + b) [2ac + 2bc + ab – bc – ac + c2]
=
1
abc
a 2b (
b c2 + a 2 ) bc2 = 4 (a + b) [ac + bc + ab + c2]

a2c b 2c (
c a 2 + b2 ) = 4(a + b) [c(a + c) + b (a + c)]
= 4 (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
Take out a, b, c common from R1, R2 and R3 respectively. = a (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
Hence, a = 4
b2 + c 2 b2 c2 42. (b) Vertices of triangle in complex form is
abc z, iz, z + iz
\ D= a2 c2 + a 2 c2
abc In cartesian form vertices are
a2 b2 a 2 + b2 (x, y), (– y, x) and (x – y, x + y)

Apply C1® C1 – C2 – C3 x y 1
1
\ Area of triangle = -y x 1
0 b2 c2 2
x- y x+ y 1
D = -2c 2 c2 + a 2 c2 1
= [x (x – x – y) – y (– y – x + y) + 1 (– yx – y2 – x2 + xy)]
-2b2 b2 a2 + b2 2
1 1
= [– xy + xy – y2 – x2] = (x2 + y2)
0 b2 c2 2 2
(Q Area can not be negative)
= -2 c 2 c2 + a 2 c2
b2 b2 a2 + b2 =
1 2
2
z ( 2
Q z = x + iy , z = x 2 + y 2 )
Apply C2 – C1 and C3 – C1 43. (b) Given parabola is x2 = 8y
Þ 4a = 8 Þ a = 2
0 b2 c2
To find: Area of DABC
2
= -2 c a2 0 = – 2 [– b2 (c2a2) + c2 (– a2b2)] A = (– 2a, a) = (– 4, 2)
b2 0 a2 B = (2a, a) = (4, 2)
= 2a2b2c2 + 2a2b2c2 = 4a2b2c2 C = (0, 0)
But D = ka2b2c2 \ k = 4 A B
(– 2a, a) (2a, a)
-2a a+b a+c
41. (c) Let D = b + a -2b b + c
c + a b + c -2c
C (0, 0)
Applying C1 + C3 and C2 + C3

-a + c 2a + b + c a + c -4 2 1
1 1
2b + a + c -b + c b+c \ Area = 4 2 1 = [– 4 (2) – 2(4) + 1(0)]
D= 2 2
a-c b-c -2c 0 0 1
-16
Now, applying R1 + R3 and R2 + R3 = = -8 » 8 sq. unit (Q area cannot be negative )
2
 EBD_8344
M-296 Mathematics

44. (b) 46. (b) Let r be the common ratio of an G.P., then
a a +1 a -1 a +1 b +1 c -1 log an log an+1 log an+ 2
-b b + 1 b - 1 + a -1 b -1 c +1 = 0
log an+ 3 log an+ 4 log an +5
c c -1 c +1 (-1) n+ 2 a ( -1)n +1 b (-1)n c log an+ 6 log an+ 7 log an+8
n +2
a a +1 a -1 a + 1 a -1 ( -1) a log a1r n -1 log a1r n log a1r n +1
n+1
Þ -b b + 1 b - 1 + b + 1 b - 1 ( -1) b =0 = log a1r n+ 2 log a1r n +3 log a1r n + 4
c c -1 c + 1
c -1 c + 1 ( -1) n c log a1r n+ 5 log a1r n+ 6 log a1r n+ 7
(Taking transpose of second determinant)
log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r log a1 + (n + 1) log r
C1 Û C3 = log a1 + ( n + 2) log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r log a1 + (n + 4) log r
log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6)log r log a2 + (n + 7) log r
a a + 1 a -1 ( -1)n + 2 a a -1 a + 1 Applying C3 ® C3 + C1, we get
n+ 2
Þ
-b b + 1 b - 1 - ( -1) ( -b) b - 1 b + 1 = 0 log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r 2 [log a1 + n log r ]
c c -1 c +1 = log a1 + ( n + 2)log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r 2 [log a1 + ( n + 3) log r ]
n+2
(-1) c c + 1 c -1 log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6) log r 2 [log a1 + (n + 6) log r ]

=0
C2 Û C3
47. (d) Applying, C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3 , we get
a a + 1 a -1 a a + 1 a -1
Þ -b b + 1 b - 1 + (-1)n+ 2 -b b + 1 b - 1 = 0 1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
f (x) = 1 + (a + b + c + 2) x 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x
2 2 2
c c -1 c +1 c c -1 c + 1
1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c2 x
a a + 1 a -1
é1 + (-1)n+ 2 ù -b b + 1 b - 1 = 0 [Q a2 + b2 + c2 = –2]
Þ
ë û
c c -1 c + 1 1 (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
C2 – C1, C3 – C1 = 1 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x

a 1 -1 1 (1 + b2 ) x 1 + c2 x
Þ é1 + (-1)n+ 2 ù -b 2b + 1 2b - 1 = 0 R + R Applying, R2 ® R2 - R1 , R3 ® R3 - R1
ë û 1 3
c -1 1
1 (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
a+c 0 0 \ f (x) = 0 1- x 0
Þ é1 + ( -1) n+ 2 ù -b 2b + 1 2b - 1 = 0 0 0 1- x
ë û
c -1 1
f (x) = ( x - 1)2
Þ n+2
[1+ (– 1) ](a + c) (2b + 1+ 2b – 1) = 0 Hence degree = 2.
Þ 4b (a + c) [1 + (–1)n + 2] = 0 48. (d) Let r be the common ratio of an G.P., then
Þ 1 + (–1)n + 2 = 0 as b (a + c) ¹ 0
log an log an+1 log an+ 2
Þ n should be an odd integer.
log an+ 3 log an+ 4 log an +5
1 1 1
log an+ 6 log an+ 7 log an+8
45. (d) Given that, D = 1 1 + x 1
1 1 1+ y log a1r n-1 log a1r n log a1r n+1
= log a1r n + 2 log a1r n+ 3 log a1r n + 4
Applying R2 ® R2 – R1 and R3 ® R3 – R1
log a1r n +5 log a1r n+ 6 log a1r n + 7
1 1 1
\ D = 0 x 0 = xy log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r log a1 + (n + 1) log r
0 0 y = log a1 + ( n + 2) log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r log a1 + (n + 4) log r
log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6)log r log a2 + (n + 7) log r
Hence, D is divisible by both x and y
Determinants M-297

Applying C3 ® C3 + C1, we get 5 2a 1

0 2 1
Now, | B | = = 2a2 – 2a – 25
log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r 2 [log a1 + n log r ]
a 3 -1
= log a1 + ( n + 2)log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r 2 [log a1 + ( n + 3) log r ]
log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6) log r 2 [log a1 + (n + 6) log r ] Given, det. (A) + 1 = 0
=0 1
Þ +1 = 0
a b ax + b 2a 2 - 2a - 25
49. (c) Given that b c bx + c
2a 2 - 2a - 24
ax + b bx + c 0 Þ =0
2a 2 - 2a - 25
Applying R3 ® R3 – (xR1 + R2); Þ a = 4, – 3 Þ Sum of values = 1
a b ax + b 54. (b)
= b c bx + c é1 1ù é1 2 ù é1 3ù é1 4 ù é1 n - 1ù é1 78 ù
ê 0 1ú ê0 1 ú ê0 1 ú ê0 1 ú ... ê 0 =
1 úû êë 0 1 úû
2
0 0 -(ax + 2bx + c) ë ûë ûë ûë û ë
= (ax2 + 2bx + c)(b2 – ac) = (+)(–) = –ve.
é1 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + ( n - 1) ù é1 78 ù
[Given that discriminant of ax2 + 2bx + c is –ve Þê ú = ê0 1 ú
\ 4b2 – 4ac < 0 Þ b2 – ac < 0] ë0 1 û ë û
50. (d) l = ARp –1 Þ log l = log A + (p – 1) log R (n - 1)n
Þ = 78 Þ n2 – n – 15 = 0
m = ARq –1 Þ log m = log A + (q – 1) log R 2
n = ARr –1 Þ log n = log A + (r – 1) log R Þ n = 13
log l p 1 log A + ( p - 1) log R p 1
é1 n ù é1 13ù
Now, log m q 1 = log A + (q - 1) log R q 1 Now, the matrix ê ú=ê ú
ë 0 1 û ë0 1 û
log n r 1 log A + (r - 1) log R r 1
Operating é1 13ù é1 -13ù
Then, the required inverse of ê ú =ê ú
ë 0 1 û ë0 1 û
0 p 1
C1 – (log R)C2 + (log R – log A) C3 = 0 q 1 =0 55. (c) Let |A| = a, |B| = b
0 r 1 1 1
Þ |AT| = a |A–1| = , |BT| = b, |B–1| =
a b
51. (a) | ad A | = | A |2 = 9 Q |ABAT| = 8 Þ |A| |B| |AT| = 8¼(1)
n -1
[Q | ad A | = | A | ] Þ a.b.a = 8 Þ a2b = 8
Þ | A | = ±3 = l Þ | l | = 3 1
Q |AB–1| = 8 Þ |A| |B–1| = 8 Þ a . =8 ¼(2)
b
Þ | B | = | ad A |2 = 81
From (1) & (2)
-1 T -1 -1 1 1
m = | (B ) | = | B | = |B| = = 1
| B | 81 a = 4, b =
2
1 1 2 1 b2 1
52. (a) A =1 3 4 = ((9 + 4) - 1(3 - 4) + 2(-1 - 3)) Then, |BA–1BT| = |B| |A–1| |BT| = b . .b= =
a a 16
1 -1 3
écos q - sin q ù
= 13 + 1 – 8 = 6 56. (c) A = ê sin q cos q ú Þ | A| = 1
|adjB| = |adj(adjA)| = |A|(n – 1) = |A|4 = (36)2
2 ë û
|C| = |3A| = 3 × 6
3
é cos q sin q ù
T
é+ cos q - sin q ù
| adjB | 36 ´ 36 ad(A) = ê
+ q + q ú = ê - sin q cos q ú
Hence, = 3 =8 ë sin cos û ë û
|C | 3 ´6
é cos q sin q ù
(c) Q B = A = Þ | B | =
–1
1 Þ A–1 = ê - sin q cos q ú = B
53.
| A| ë û
 EBD_8344
M-298 Mathematics

é cos q sin q ù é cos q sin q ù é6 – 4ù

B2 = ê - sin q cos q ú ê- sin q cos q ú A= ê ú ... From (1)
ë ûë û ë0 2 û

é cos 2q sin 2q ù é36 – 32 ù

= ê- sin 2q cos 2q ú Þ A2 = ê
ë û ë0 4 úû

é cos3q sin 3q ù For k = – 6

Þ B3 = ê - sin3q cos3q ú
ë û é– 6 4 ù
ÞA=ê ú .... From (1)
é cos(50q) sin(50q) ù ë 0 – 2û
Þ A–50 = B50 = ê- sin(50q) cos(50q) ú
ë û é36 – 32 ù
Þ A2 = ê
ë0 4 úû
é 3 1 ù
ê ú 58. (a) We have
2 2 ú
( A-50 ) p ê (A – 3I) (A – 5I) = O
q= = ê 1 3ú Þ A2 – 8A + 15I = O
12
ê- ú
ë 2 2 û Multiplying both sides by A – 1, we get;
A – 1 A . A – 8A – 1 A + 15A – 1 I = A – 1 O
é æ 50 p ö æ pö p 3ù Þ A – 8I + 15A – 1 = O
êQ cos ç ÷ = cos ç 4 p + ÷ = cos = ú A + 15A – 1 = 8I
ë è 12 ø è 6 ø 6 2 û
A 15 A -1
é1 2ù + = 4I
57. (d) Since A . ê ú is a scalar matrix and |3A| = 108 2 2
ë 0 3û
1 15 16
ék 0 ù \ a+b= + = =8
suppose the scalar matrix is ê 2 2 2
ú
ë0 k û é 2 -3ù
59. (c) We have A = ê ú
ë -4 1 û
é1 2ù é k 0 ù
\A. ê ú =ê ú é 16 -9 ù é 48 -27 ù
ë 0 3û ë 0 k û Þ A2 = ê -12 13 ú Þ 3A2 = ê -36 39 ú
ë û ë û
–1
é k 0 ù é1 2 ù é 24 -36 ù
ÞA= ê ú ê ú Also 12A = ê -48 12 ú
ë 0 k û ë0 3 û ë û
[ \ AB = C Þ ABB–1 = CB–1 Þ A = CB–1] é 48 -27 ù é 24 -36 ù
\ 3A2 + 12A = ê -36 39 ú + ê -48 12 ú
1 é k 0 ù é 3 – 2ù ë û ë û
Þ A= ê úê ú
3 ë0 k û ë0 1 û é 72 -63ù
=ê ú
ë -84 51 û
é 2ù
1 – ú é 51 63ù
ék 0 ù ê 3 ad (3A2 + 12A) = ê ú
Þ A=ê úê ú ë84 72 û
ë 0 k û ê0 1 ú
ëê 3 úû 60. (b)
61. (d) Given that A(ad A) = A AT
é 2 ù
êk – 3 k ú Pre-multiply by A
–1
both side, we get
Þ A=ê ú
ê0 k ú ... (1) Þ A A (ad A) = A A A
–1 –1 T

êë 3 úû
T
ad A = A
Q |3 A| = 108
é 2 b ù é 5a 3 ù
Þê ú=ê ú
Þ 108 =
3k – 2k ë -3 5a û ë- b 2 û
2
0 k Þ a = and b = 3
5
Þ 3k2 = 108 Þ k2 = 36 Þk =±6
For k = 6 Þ 5a + b = 5
Determinants M-299

62. (a) A2 – 5A = – 7I 67. (c) Given that P3 = Q3 ...(1)

AAA–1 – 5AA–1 = –7I A–1 and P2Q = Q2P ...(2)
AI – 5I = –7A–1 Subtracting (1) and (2), we get
A – 5I = –7A–1 P3 – P2Q = Q3 – Q2P
1
A–1 = (5I – A) Þ P2 (P–Q) + Q2 (P – Q) = 0
7 Þ (P2 + Q2) (P–Q) = 0
A3 – 2A2 – 3A + I = A (5A – 7I) – 2A2 – 3A + I Q P ¹ Q, \ P + Q = 0
2 2

= 5A2 – 7A – 2A2 – 3A + I = 3A2 – 10A + I Hence |P2 + Q2| = 0

= 3 (5A – 7I) – 10A + I = 5A – 20I = 5(A – 4I)
63. (a) |5. ad A | = 5 Þ 53. |A|3–1 = 5 æ1ö æ0ö
ç ÷ ç ÷
68. (d) Let Au1 = ç 0 ÷ and Au2 = ç 1 ÷
1
Þ 125 |A|2 = 5 Þ |A| = ± ç0÷ ç0÷
5 è ø è ø
64. (d) BB' = B ( A-1 A ') ' = B ( A ') '( A-1 ) ' æ 1ö æ0ö
ç ÷ ç ÷
= BA (A–1)' = ( A -1 A ')( A( A -1) ') Then, Au1 + Au2 = ç 0 ÷ + ç 1 ÷
ç0÷ ç0÷
= A–1A .A'.(A–1)' {as AA' = A'A} è ø è ø
= I(A A)' = I × I = I = I
–1 2
æ 1ö
ç ÷
Þ A ( u1 + u2 ) = ç 1 ÷ ...(1)
é1 2 3ù é0 0 1ù
ç0÷
65. (a) Given A ê0 2 3ú = êê1 0 0úú è ø
ê ú
ëê0 1 1ûú êë0 1 0úû æ1 0 0ö
Applying C1 « C3 ç ÷
Given that A = ç2 1 0÷
ç 3 2 1÷
é3 2 1ù é1 0 0ù è ø
ê 0 1ú
A ê3 ú
2 0 = ê0 ú Þ |A| = 1(1) – 0 (2) + 0 (4 – 3) = 1
ê ú
ëê1 1 0ûú êë0 1 0úû C11 = 1 C21 = 0 C31 = 0
Again Applying C2 « C3 C12 = –2 C22 = 1 C32 = 0
C13 = 1 C23 = –2 C33 = 1
é3 1 2ù é1 0 0ù
ê3 0 2ú ê0 1 0ú é 1 0 0ù
A ê ú = ê ú
\ adjA = êê -2 0 0 úú
êë1 0 1úû êë0 0 1úû
êë 1 -2 1 úû
pre-multiplying both sides by A–1
We know,
é3 1 2ù é 1 0 0ù
A–1 A êê3 0 2úú = A–1 ê 0 1 0ú A-1 =
1
adjA
ê ú A
êë1 0 1úû êë0 0 1úû

é3 1 2ù
Þ A -1 = adj ( A ) (Q A = 1)
ê3 0 2ú Now, from equation (1), we have
I ê ú = A–1 I = A–1
ëê1 0 1úû æ 1ö
-1 ç ÷
(Q A–1A = I and I = Identity matrix) u1 + u2 = A ç 1÷
ç0÷
é3 1 2ù è ø
ê3 0 2ú
Hence, A = ê –1
ú é 1 0 0ù æ 1 ö é 1 ù
ç ÷
ëê1 0 1úû = êê -2 1 0 úú ç 1 ÷ = êê -1úú
66. (b) | P | = 1(12 – 12) – a(4 – 6) + 3(4 – 6) = 2a – 6 êë 1 -2 1úû èç 0 ø÷ êë -1úû
Now, ad A = P Þ | ad A | = | P |
Þ | A |2 = | P | é0 0 aù
Þ | P | = 16 ê ú
69. (c) A = ê 0 b c ú , |A| = – abd ¹ 0
Þ 2a – 6 = 16 êë d e f úû
Þ a = 11
 EBD_8344
M-300 Mathematics

c11 = + (bf – ce), c12 = – (– cd) = cd, c13 = + (– bd) = –bd

é 0 ag ù
c21 = –(–ea) = ae, c22 = + (–ad) = –ad, c23 = –(0) = 0 Now, AB = ê ú
ëbd 0 û
c31 = + (–ab) = – ab, c32 = – (0) = 0, c33 = 0
é 0 gb ù
é (bf - ce) ae -ab ù and BA = ê ú
ê
cd -ad 0 ú
ú ë da 0 û
Ad A = ê
êë -bd 0 0 úû Statement - 1 :
é 0 g ( a - b)ù
ébf - ce ae -ab ù AB - BA = ê ú
1 1 ê ú ë d ( b - a ) 0 û
A– 1 = (ad A) = ê cd -ad 0 ú
AB - BA = ( a - b) gd ¹ 0
| A| abd 2
êë -bd 0 0 úû
\ AB – BA is always an invertible matrix.
é0 0 d ù Hence, statement - 1 is true.
ê ú But AB – BA can be identity matrix if g = – d or d = – g
T
A = ê0 b e ú
êë a c f úû So, statement - 2 is false.
71. (b) For reflexive
Now A–1 = AT
A = P -1 AP is true,
ébf - ce ae -ab ù é0 0 d ù For P = I, which is an invertible matrix.
1 ê ú ê ú
Þ
-abd ê
cd -ad 0 ú = ê0 b e ú ( A, A) Î R
êë -bd 0 0 úû êë a c f úû \ R is reflexive.
For symmetry
é 0 - abd 2 ù
ébf - ce ae - ab ù ê
0
ú As ( A, B) ÎR for matrix P
ê ú
Þ ê cd - ad 0 ú = ê 0 -ab 2d -abde ú
ê ú A = P-1 BP
ëê -bd 0 0 ûú ê -a 2bd
ë
- abcd - abdf ú
û Þ PAP-1 = B
\ bf – ce = ae = cd = 0 ...(i) Þ B = PAP -1
2 2 2
abd = ab, ab d = ad, a bd = bd ...(ii)
( )
-1
abde = abcd = abdf = 0 ...(iii) Þ B = P –1 A (P–1)
From (ii), \ (B, A) Î R for matrix P -1
(abd 2 ). (ab2d). (a2bd) = ab. ad. bd \ R is symmetric.
Þ (abd)4 – (abd)2 = 0 For transitivity
Þ (abd)2 [(abd)2 – 1] = 0 A = P-1 BP
Q abd ¹ 0 , \ abd = ±1 ...(iv) and B = P–1CP
From (iii) and (iv),
e=c=f=0 ...(v)
Þ (
A = P –1 P -1CP P )
From (i) and (v),
( ) CP
2
Þ A = P -1 2
bf = ae = cd = 0 ...(vi)
A = (P ) C (P )
From (iv), (v) and (vi), it is clear that a, b, d can be any 2 -1
Þ
2
non- ero integer such that abd = ± 1
But it is only possible, if a = b = d = ± 1 \ (A, C) ÎR for matrix P
2
Hence, there are 2 choices for each a, b and d. \ R is transitive.
there fore, there are 2×2×2 choices for a, b and d. Hence So R is equivalence.
number of required matrices = 2×2×2=(2)3 So, statement-1 is true.
We know that if A and B are two invertible matrices of
éa 0ù order n, then
70. (a) Let A and B be real matrices such that A = ê ú
ë 0 bû (AB)–1 = B–1 A–1
So, statement-2 is true.
é0 g ù 72. (a) We know that if A is square matrix of order n then
and B = ê ú
ëd 0û adj (adj A) = | A | n–2 A.
= | A |0 A = A
Determinants M-301

Also | adj A | = | A | n–1 = | A | 2–1 = | A |

1 1 1
\ Both the statements are true but statement-2 is not a
correct explanation for statement-1 .
77. (c) D= 1 2 3 =0Þl =5
73. (c) Given that all entries of square matrix A are integers, 1 3 l
therefore all cofactors should also be integers. 2 1 1
If det A = ± 1 then A–1 exists. Also all entries of A–1 are
Dx = 5 2 3 = 0 Þ m = 8
integers.
74. (d) Given that A2 – A + I = 0 m 3 5
Pre-multiply by A–1 both side, we get 78. (3.00)
For non- ero solution, D = 0
A-1 A2 - A-1 A + A-1.I = A-1.0
-1
Þ A - I + A-1 = 0 or A = I - A . l - 1 3l + 1 2l
Þ l - 1 4l - 2 l+3 =0
é 4 2 2ù
3l + 1 3(l - 1)
75. (a) Given that 10 B = ê -5 0 a ú
2
ê ú
êë 1 -2 3 úû Þ 6l 3 - 36l 2 + 54l = 0
Þ 6l[l 2 - 6l + 9] = 0
é 4 2 2ù
Þ B = ê -5 0 a ú
1 Þ l = 0, l = 3 [Distinct values]
10 ê ú
ëê 1 -2 3 úû Then, the sum of distinct values of l = 0 + 3 = 3.

2 -4 l
Given that B = A-1 Þ AB = I
79. (a) Q 1 -6 1 = 0 Þ 3l 2 - 7l - 12 = 0
é 1 -1 1 ù é 4 2 2 ù é 1 0 0 ù l -10 4
1 ê úê ú ê ú
Þ 2 1 -3ú ê -5 0 a ú = ê0 1 0 ú
10 ê Þ l = 3 or -
2
êë 1 1 1 úû êë 1 -2 3 úû êë0 0 1 úû
3
1 -4 l
é10 0 5 - 2 ù é1 0 0ù D1 = 2 -6 1 = 2(3 - l )
1 ê
Þ 0 10 -5 + a úú = êê0 1 0úú 3 -10 4
10 ê
êë 0 0 5 + a úû êë0 0 1 úû
2
\ When l = - , D1 ¹ 0.
5- a 3
Þ =0Þa=5 2
10 Hence, equations will be inconsistent when l = - .
3
80. (a) Since, system of linear equations has non- ero
é 0 0 -1ù
ê ú solution
76. (a) Given that A = ê 0 -1 0 ú
\D = 0
êë -1 0 0 úû
1 1 3
clearly A ¹ 0. Also |A| = -1 ¹ 0 Þ 1 3 k2 = 0
é -1 0 0 ù 3 1 3
-1 - = ê 0 -1 0 ú ¹ A
\ A exists, further ( 1) I
ê ú Þ 1(9 - k 2 ) - 1(3 - 3k 2 ) + 3(1 - 9) = 0
ëê 0 0 -1ûú Þ 9 - k 2 - 3 + 3k 2 - 24 = 0
Þ 2k 2 = 18 Þ k 2 = 9, k = ±3
é 0 0 -1ù é 0 0 -1ù So, equations are
Also A = ê 0 -1 0 ú ê 0 -1 0 ú
2
x + y + 3z = 0 ...(i)
ê úê ú
êë -1 0 0 úû êë -1 0 0 úû x + 3y + 9z = 0 ...(ii)
3x + y + 3z = 0 ...(iii)
é1 0 0ù Now, from equation (i) – (ii),
= ê0 1 0ú = I -2 y - 6 z = 0 Þ y = -3z Þ = -3
y
ê ú ...(iv)
êë0 0 1úû z
Now, from equation (i) – (iii),
 EBD_8344
M-302 Mathematics

-2 x = 0 Þ x = 0 Put z = 0 in equation (i), we get x = 2y

So, x +
y
= 0 - 3 = -3
Q15 £ x2 + y 2 + z 2 £ 150
z
81. (5.00) Þ 15 £ 4 y 2 + y 2 £ 150
For infinitely many solutions, [Q x = 2 y, z = 0]
D = D1 = D 2 = D 3 = 0
Þ 3 £ y 2 £ 30
1 -2 3 Þ y = ±2, ± 3, ± 4, ± 5
D= 2 1 1 =0 Þ 8 solutions.
1 -7 a
2 -1 2
Þ (a + 7) - 2(1 - 2a) + 3(-15) = 0 85. (d) D = 1 -2 l = -(l - 1)(2l + 1)
Þ a =8 1 l 1

1 -2 9 2 -1 2
D3 = 2 1 b =0 D1 = -4 -2 l = -2(l 2 + 6l - 4)
1 -7 24 4 l 1
For no solution D = 0 and at least one of D1, D2 and D3 is
Þ (24 + 7b) - 2(b - 48) + 9(-15) = 0 non- ero.
Þ b =3 1
\ D = 0 Þ l = 1, - and D1 ¹ 0
\ a - b = 5. 2
82. (b) Given that Ax = b has solutions x1, x2, x3 and b is ì 1ü
equal to b1, b2 and b3 Hence, S = í1, - ý
î 2þ
\ x1 + y1 + z1 = 1
86. (d) Q | P | = 1( -3 + 36) - 2(2 + 4) + 1( -18 - 3) = 0
Þ 2 y1 + z1 = 2 Þ z1 = 2 Given that PX = 0
Determinant of coefficient matrix \ System of equations
1 1 1 x + 2 y + z = 0 ; 2x - 3 y + 4z = 0
| A| = 0 2 1 = 2 and x + 9 y - z = 0 has infinitely many solution.
0 0 1 Let z = k ÎR and solve above equations, we get
11k 2k
1 1 1 x= - , y= ,z=k
7 7
83. (d) 2 4 -1 = 0 [Q Equation has many solutions]
But given that x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1
3 2 l
7
\k = ±
9 174
Þ -15 + 6 + 2l = 0 Þ l =
2 \ Two solutions only.
87. (c) The given system of linear equations
1 1 2
7x + 6y – 2z = 0 ...(i)
\ DZ = 2 4 6 =0 Þ m = 5 3x + 4y + 2z = 0 ...(ii)
3 2 2m x – 2y – 6z = 0 ...(iii)
Now, determinant of coefficient matrix
\ 2l + m = 14.
84. (8) 7 6 -2
The given system of equations D=3 4 2
x - 2 y + 5z = 0 ...(i) 1 -2 -6

-2 x + 4 y + z = 0 ...(ii) = 7(– 20) – 6(–20) – 2(–10)

= – 140 + 120 + 20 = 0
-7 x + 14 y + 9 z = 0 ...(iii)
So, there are infinite non-trivial solutions.
From equation, 2 × (i) + (ii) Þ z = 0
Determinants M-303

From eqn. (i) + 3 × (iii); we get 2 1 1

10x – 20z = 0 Þ x = 2z Þ = +
b a c
Hence, there are infinitely many solutions (x, y, z) satisfying
x = 2z. 1 1 1
88. (a) From the given linear equation, we get Þ , , in A.P.
a b c
91. (13) x + y + z = 6 ...(i)
1 2 3
x + 2y + 3z = 10 ...(ii)
D = 3 4 5 ( R3 ® R3 - 2 R2 + 3R3 )
3x + 2y + lz = µ ...(iii)
4 4 4 From (i) and (ii),
If z = 0 Þ x + y = 6 and x + 2y = 10
1 2 3 Þ y = 4, x = 2
= 3 4 5 =0 (2, 4, 0)
0 0 0 If y = 0 Þ x + z = 6 and x + 3z = 10
Þ z = 2 and x = 4
Now, let P3 = 4x + 4y + 4z – d = 0. If the system has solutions (4, 0, 2)
it will have infinite solution.
So, 3x + 2y + lz = m, must pass through (2, 4, 0) and (4, 0, 2)
So, P3 º aP1 + bP2
So, 6 + 8 = m Þ m = 14
Hence, 3a + b = 4 and 4a + 2b = 4
Þ a = 2 and b = – 2 and 12 + 2l = m
So, for infinite solution 2m – 2 = d 12 + 2l = 14 Þ l = 1
Þ For 2m ¹ d + 2 system is inconsistent So, m – l2 = 14 –1 = 13
92. (d) Given system of linear equations: x + y + z = 5;
l 2 2 x + 2y + 2z = 6 and x + 3y + lz = m have infinite solution.
89. (c) D = 2l 3 5 \ D = 0, Dx = Dy = Dz = 0
4 l 6
1 1 1
D = l2 + 6l – 16 1 2 2
D = (l + 8) (2 – l) Now, D = =0
1 3 l
For no solutions, D = 0
Þ l = – 8, 2 Þ 1 (2l – 6) – 1 (l – 2) + 1 (3 – 2) = 0
when l = 2 Þ 2l – 6 – l + 2 + 1 = 0 Þ l = 3
1 5 1 1 5 1
5 2 2
1 6 2 0 1 1
D1 = 8 3 5 Dy = =0Þ =0
1 m 3 0 m-5 2
10 2 6
Þ 1 (2 – m + 5) = 0 Þ m = 7
= 5[18 – 10] – 2 [48 – 50] + 2 (16 – 30]
\ l + m = 10
= 40 + 4 – 28 ¹ 0
93. (d) Q system of equations has infinitely many solutions.
There exist no solutions for l = 2
\ D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
90. (a) For non- ero solution
2 2a a 1 1 1
2 3b b =0 D = 4 l -l = 0
Here,
2 4c c 3 2 -4

C1 ® C1 – C2 & C2 ® C2 – C3
1 2a a
1 3b b = 0 0 0 1
Þ
Þ 4 - l 2l -l = 0
1 4c c Þl=3
1 6 -4
Þ (3bc – 4bc) – (2ac – 4ac) + (2ab – 3ab) = 0
Þ – bc + 2ac – ab = 0
Þ ab + bc + 2ac
 EBD_8344
M-304 Mathematics

= 1 (– k + 1) + 2 (– 2k – 3) + k (– 2 – 3)
6 1 1
= – k + 1 – 4k – 6 – 5k = – 10k – 5 = – 5(2k + 1)
D1 = l - 2 l -l = 0
Now, for l = 3,
-5 2 -4 1 -2 k
2 1 1
D1 = = – 5 (2k + 1)
1 6 1 3 -1 -k
4 l - 2 -l = 0
For l = 3, D2 = 1 1 k 1 -2 1
3 -5 -4
2 2 1 2 1 2
D2 = = 0, D3 = =0
1 1 6 3 3 -k 3 -1 3
For l = 3, D3 = 4 l l - 2 = 0 Qz ¹ 0 Þ D = 0
3 2 -5 1
Þ –5 (2k + 1) = 0 Þ k = -
\ for l = 3, system of equations has infinitely many 2
solutions. \ System of equation has infinite many solutions.
94. (b) Given system of equations has a non-trivial solution. 10 - 3l 2l
Let z = l ¹ 0 then x = and y = –
10 5
2 3 -1
9 \ (x, y) must lie on line 4x – 3y – 4 = 0
Þ D =0Þ 1 k -2 = 0 Þ k =
2 97. (a) Q The system of linear equations has a unique solu-
2 -1 1 tion.
\ equations are 2x + 3y – z = 0 ...(i) \ D¹0
2x – y + z = 0 ...(ii)
1+ a b 1
2x + 9y – 4z = 0 ...(iii)
D= a 1+ b 1 ¹ 0
By (i) – (ii), 2y = z
a b 2
\ z = – 4x and 2x + y = 0
x y z -1 1 9 1 1+ a + b +1 b 1
\ + + +k = + -4+ =
y z x 2 2 2 2 a +1+ b +1 b + 1 1 ¹ 0
Þ [C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3]
95. (b) If the system of equations has non-trivial solutions, a+b+2 b 2
then the determinant of coefficient matrix is ero
1 b 1
1 -c -c
(a + b + 2) 1 b + 1 1 ¹ 0
c -1 c Þ
=0 1 b 2
c c -1

Þ (1 – c2) + c (– c – c2) – c (c2 + c) = 0 1 b 1

R2 ® R2 - R1
Þ (1 + c) (1 – c) – 2c2 (1 + c) = 0 (a + b + 2) 0 1 0 ¹ 0
Þ R3 ® R3 - R1
Þ (1 + c) (1 – c – 2c2) = 0 0 0 1
Þ (1 + c)2 (1 – 2c) = 0
Þ (a + b + 2) 1(1) ¹ 0
1
Þ c = – 1 or Þ a+b+2¹0
2
Q Ordered pair (2, 4) satisfies this condition
1
Hence, the greatest value of c is for which the system
2 \ a = 2 and b = 4.
of linear equations has non-trivial solution. 98. (a) Consider the given system of linear equations
96. (b) Given system of linear equations, x(1 –l) – 2y – 2z = 0
x – 2y + kz = 1, 2x + y + z = 2, 3x – y – kz = 3 x + (2 – l)y + z = 0
–x – y – lz= 0
1 -2 k
Now, for a non-trivial solution, the determinant of coeffi-
2 1 1
D= cient matrix is ero.
3 -1 -k
Determinants M-305

1- l -2 -2 1 5 1
1 2- l 1 1 9 3
=0 D2 = = 9a - 3b - 5 (a – 3) + 1(b - 9)
-1 -1 -l 1 b a

Þ (1 – l)3 = 0 = 9a - 3b - 5a + 15 + b - 9 = 4a - 2b + 6
l=1
1 1 5
99. (b) Q System of equations has more than one solution
1 2 9
\ D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 for infinite solution D3 = = 2b – 27 – b + 9 + 5 = b – 13
1 3 b
a 2 3 Since, the system of equations has infinite many solutions.
b -1 5
D1 = = a(13) + 2(5c – 2b) + 3(–3b + c) Hence,
c -3 2 D1 = D 2 = D 3 = D = 0
= 13a – 13b + 13c = 0 Þ a = 5, b = 13 Þ b – a = 8
i.e, a – b + c = 0 102. (c) Consider the system of linear equations

or b–c–a=0 x – 4y + 7z = g ...(i)
100. (b) Since, the system of linear equations has, non-trivial 3y – 5z = h ...(ii)
solution then determinant of coefficient matrix = 0 –2x + 5y – 9z = k ...(iii)
Multiply equation (i) by 2 and add equation (i), equation
sin 3q cos 2q 2 (ii) and equation (iii)
i.e.,
1 3 7
=0 Þ 0 = 2g + h + k. \ 2g + h + k = 0
-1 4 7 then system of equation is consistent.
sin3q(21– 28) – cos2q(7 + 7) + 2 (4 + 3) = 0 103. (a) For non ero solution of the system of linear
equations;
sin3q + 2cos2q – 2 = 0
3sinq – 4sin3q + 2 – 4sin 2q – 2 = 0 1 k 3
4sin3q + 4sin 2q – 3sinq = 0 3 k -2 = 0
2 4 -3
sinq (4sin2q + 4sinq – 3) = 0
sinq (4sin2q + 6sinq – 2sinq – 3) = 0 Þ k = 11
sinq [2sinq (2sinq – 1) + 3 (2sinq – 1)] = 0 Now equations become
x + 11y + 3 = 0 ...(1)
sinq (2sinq – 1) (2sinq + 3) = 0 3x + 11y – 2 = 0 ...(2)
1 æ 3ö 2x + 4y – 3 = 0 ...(3)
sin q = 0, sin q = çèQ sin q ¹ - ÷ø Adding equations (1) & (3) we get
2 2
3x + 15y = 0
p 5p Þ x = –5y
q= ,
6 6 Now put x = –5y in equation (1), we get
Hence, for two values of q, system of equations has non- –5y + 11y + 3 = 0
trivial solution Þ = –2y
x ( -5 y)( -2 y)
1 1 1 \ = = 10
2
y y2
101. (b) D = 1 2 3 = 2a – 9 – a + 3 + 1 = a – 5
104. (c) Here, the equations are;
1 3 a (k + 2) x + 10y = k
& kx + (k + 3)y = k – 1.
5 1 1 These equations can be written in the form of Ax = B as
D1 = 9 2 3 = 5(2a – 9) – 1(9a – 3b) + (27 – 2b)
b 3 a é k + 2 10 ù é x ù é k ù
ê k =
ë k + 3úû êë y úû êë k – 1úû
= 10a - 45 - 9a + 3b + 27 - 2b
For the system to have no solution
= a + b -18 |A| = 0
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é k + 2 10 ù 2 4 -l
Þ ê = 0 Þ (k + 2) (k + 3) – k × 10 = 0
ë k k + 3úû \ 4 l 2 =0
Þ k2 – 5k + 6 = (k – 2) (k – 3) = 0 l 2 2
\ k = 2, 3
For k = 2, equations become: Þ l + 4l – 40 = 0
3

l has only 1 real root.

4x + 10 y = 2
109. (b) For non-trivial solution,
& 2x + 5y = 1
& hence infinite number of solutions. 1 l -1
For k = 3, equations becomes; l -1 -1 = 0
5x + 10y = 3 1 1 -l
3x + 6y = 2
Þ -l(l + 1)(l - 1) = 0 Þ l = 0, +1, –1
& hence no solution.
\ required number of values of k is 1 110. (a) 2x1 - 2x 2 + x 3 = lx1ü
105. (b) The system of linear equations is: ï
2x1 - 3x 2 + 2x 3 = lx 2 ý
x+y+z=2
2x + y – z = 3 - x1 + 2x 2 = lx3 ïþ
3x + 2y + kz = 4 Þ (2 – l)x1 – 2x2 + x3 = 0
As, system has unique solution. 2x1 – (3 + l) x2 + 2x3 = 0
1 1 1 – x1 + 2x2 – lx3 = 0
For non-trivial solution,
So, 2 1 –1 ¹ 0
D=0
3 2 k
2-l -2 1
Þ k + 2 – (2k + 3) + 1 ¹ 0 i.e. 2 -(3 + l ) 2 =0
Þk¹0
-1 2 -l
Hence, k Î R – {0} º S
106. (d) As the system of equations has no solution then D Þ (2 – l) [l(3 + l) – 4] + 2[–2l + 2] + 1[4 – (3 + l)] = 0
should be ero and at least one of D1, D2 and D3 should Þ l3 + l2 – 5l + 3 = 0
not be ero. Þ l = 1, 1, 3
1 a 1 Hence l has 2 values.
111. (b) Given system of equations can be written as
\ D= 1 2 2 =0
(a - 1) x - y - z = 0
1 5 3
Þ –a–1=0 Þ a=–1 - x + (b - 1) y - z = 0
- x - y + (c - 1) z = 0
1 3 1
For non-trivial solution, we have
D2 = 1 6 2 ¹ 0
1 b 3 a -1 -1 -1
Þ b¹9 -1 b -1 -1
=0
-1 -1 c -1
1 1 1
R2 ® R2 – R3
107. (a) D = 1 a 1 = 0
a b 1 a - 1 -1 -1
Þ 1 [a – b] – 1 [1 – a] + 1 [b – a ] = 0
2 0 b -c
=0
Þ (a – 1)2 = 0 -1 -1 c - 1
Þa=1
For a = 1, First two equations are identical C2 ® C2 – C3
i.e., x + y + z = 1 a -1 0 -1
To have no solution with x + by + z = 0
b=1 0 b+c -c
=0
So b = {1} Þ It is singleton set. -1 -c c -1
108. (b) Since the given system of linear equations has
Apply R3 ® R3 – R1
infinitely many solutions.
Determinants M-307

a -1 0 -1 p æ pö
a= in ç 0, ÷
0 b + c -c 4 è 2ø
=0
-a -c c \ D1 = 2(sin a) × 0 = 0,
p
Þ (a - 1)[bc + c 2 - c 2 ] - 1[a(b + c)] = 0 since value of sin a is finite for a Î æç 0, ö÷
è 2ø
Þ (a - 1)[bc ] - ab - ac = 0 Hence non-trivivial solution for only one value of a in
Þ abc - bc - ab - ac = 0 æ pö
ç 0, ÷
Þ ab + bc + ca = abc è 2ø
112. (b) Since, system of equations have no solution
cos a sin a cos a
k +1 8 4k sin a cos a sin a = 0
\ = ¹ (Q System has no solution)
k k + 3 3k - 1 cos a - sin a - cos a
Þ k2 + 4k + 3 = 8k Þ k2– 4k + 3 = 0
Þ k = 1, 3 0 sin a cos a
Þ 0 cos a sin a = 0
8 4.1
If k = 1 then ¹ which is false 2cos a - sin a - cos a
1+ 3 2
Þ 2 cos a (sin2 a – cos2 a) = 0
8 4.3
and if k = 3 then ¹ which is true, therefore k = 3 \ cos a = 0 or sin2 a – cos2 a = 0
6 9 -1
Hence for only one value of k. System has no solution. æ pö
But cos a = 0 not possible for any value of a Î ç 0, ÷
113. (b) Given system of equations is homogeneous which is è 2ø
x + ay = 0 \ sin2 a – cos2 a = 0 Þ sin a = – cos a, which is also not
y + az = 0 æ pö
z + ax = 0 possible for any value of a Î ç 0, ÷
è 2ø
It can be written in matrix form as Hence, there is no solution.
115. (d) Given system of equations can be written in matrix
æ1 a 0ö
form as AX = B where
A =ç0 1 a÷
ça 0 1÷ æ1 2 3ö æ6ö
è ø
A = ç 1 3 5 ÷ and B = ç 9 ÷
Now, | A | = [1 – a(– a2)] = 1 + a3 ¹ 0 ç2 5 a÷ çb÷
è ø è ø
So, system has only trivial solution. Since, system is consistent and has infinitely many
Now, | A | = 0 only when a = – 1 solutions
So, system of equations has infinitely many solutions \ (ad. A) B = 0
which is not possible because it is given that system has a
unique solution. æ 3a - 25 15 - 2a 1 ö æ 6 ö æ 0 ö
Þ ç 10 - a a - 6 -2 ÷ ç 9 ÷ = ç 0 ÷
Hence set of all real values of ‘a’ is R – {– 1}. ç -1 -1 1 ÷ø çè b ÷ø çè 0 ÷ø
è
1 sin a cos a Þ – 6 – 9 + b = 0 Þ b = 15
114. (c) D1 = 1 cos a sin a and 6(10 – a) + 9(a – 6) – 2(b) = 0
1 - sin a cos a Þ 60 – 6a + 9a – 54 – 30 = 0
Þ 3a = 24 Þ a = 8
0 sin a - cos a cos a - sin a Hence, a = 8, b = 15.
= 0 cos a + sin a sin a - cos a 116. (a) Given system of equations is
1 - sin a cos a x + ky + 3z = 0
3x + ky – 2z = 0
= (sin a – cos a)2 – (cos2 a – sin2 a)
2x + 3y – 4z = 0
= sin2 a + cos2 a – 2 sin a . cos a – cos2 a + sin2 a Since, system has non-trivial solution
= 2 sin2 a – 2 sin a . cos a
= 2 sin a (sin a – cos a) 1 k 3
Now, sin a – cos a = 0 for only 3 k -2 = 0
\
2 3 -4
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Þ 1 (– 4k + 6) – k(– 12 + 4) + 3 (9 – 2k) = 0 121. (d) The given equations are

–x + cy + bz = 0
33
Þ 4k + 33 – 6k = 0 Þ k = cx –y + az = 0
2 bx + ay – z = 0
Hence, statement - 1 is false. Given that x, y, z are not all ero
Statement-2 is the property. \ The above system have non- ero solution
It is a true statement.
–1 c b
117. (d) Given system of equations is
x+y+z=6 Þ D = 0 Þ c –1 a = 0
x + 2y + 3z = 10 b a –1
x + 2y + lz = 0 Þ –1(1– a2) – c(– c – ab) + b(ac + b) = 0
It has unique solution. Þ –1 + a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 0
Þ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 1
1 1 1
122. (a) ax + y + = a – 1;
\ 1 2 3 ¹0 x + a y + = a – 1;
1 2 l x+ y+ a = a –1
Þ 1(2l – 6) – 1 (l – 3) + 1(2 – 2) ¹ 0 a 1 1
Þ 2l – 6 – l + 3 ¹ 0 Þ l – 3 ¹ 0 Þ l ¹ 3 D= 1 a 1
118. (a) x - ky + z = 0 1 1 a
kx + 3 y - kz = 0 2
3x + y - z = 0 = a( a - 1) - 1(a - 1) + 1(1 - a)
The given that system of equations have trivial solution, = a (a - 1)(a + 1) - 1(a - 1) - 1(a - 1)
1 -k 1 = (a - 1)[a 2 + a - 1 - 1]
= (a - 1)[a 2 + a - 2]
\ k 3 -k ¹ 0
= (a – 1) [a 2 + 2a - a - 2]
3 1 -1
= (a - 1)[a (a + 2) - 1(a + 2)]
Þ 1(-3 + k ) + k (-k + 3k ) + 1(k - 9) ¹ 0
= ( a - 1) ( a + 2 )
2
Þ k - 3 + 2k 2 + k - 9 ¹ 0
Q Equations has infinite solutions
Þ k 2 + k - 6 ¹ 0 Þ k = -3, k ¹ 2 \ D=0
So, the equation will have only trivial solution,
Þ (a - 1) = 0, a + 2 = 0
when k Î R – {2, – 3}
119. (a) Given that system of equations have non- ero solution Þ a = – 2, 1;
D=0 But a ¹ 1 .
\a=–2
4 k 2
123. (d) For homogeneous system of equations to have non
Þ k 4 1 =0 ero solution, D = 0
2 2 1 1 2a a
Þ 4(4 - 2) - k (k - 2) + 2(2k - 8) = 0
1 3b b = 0 C ® - -
Þ 8 - k 2 + 2k + 4k - 16 = 0 1 4c c
k 2 - 6k + 8 = 0 Applying C2 ® C2 – 2C3
Þ (k - 4)(k - 2) = 0 Þ k = 4, 2 1 0 a
1 2 1 Þ 1 b b = 0 R3 ® R3 - R1, R2 ® R2 - R1
1 2c c
120. (c) D= 2 3 1 =0
3 5 2 1 0 a
Þ 0 b b-a =0
3 2 1
0 2c c - a
Dx = 3 3 1 ¹ 0
Þ bc – ab = 2bc – 2ac
1 5 2 2 1 1
Þ Given system, does not have any solution. Þ = +
b a c
Þ No solution \ a, b, c are in Harmonic Progression.