Dept.

of Maths Intergal Calculus

UNIT-3: INTEGRAL CALCULUS

I. Evaluate the following integrals and check the result.

2 3 28 ln8 ln y
a.  1 1
xy 2 dx dy 
3 d.  e
x y
dxdy
1 0
1 x
3
  x  4 x2
b. 2
 y 2 dydx  1
e dydx 
y x
35 e.
0 x
0 0
2
1 1
dxdy 2
c.  
0 0 1  x 1  y 
2 2 4

EXERCISES

1 x 1
a)   xy dy dx 
0 x 24
2 x
dydx 
b)    log e 2
1 0
x2  y2 4
2
1 1 x

c) 
0
0 1 x  y
dy dx
2 2

4

log 1  2 
2 2 y
5
d)   xydxdy 
1 0
24

II. Establish the result by identifying the region

 x y dxdy , if R is the region bounded by the lines y  x , x  1 ,
3 2
1. y0
R

a4
2.
R
 x y dx dy  8
, if R is the region bounded by the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 in the first quadrant.

 x2 y2
3.   x  y  2 dx dy  ab (a 2  b 2 ) , where R is the region bounded by the ellipse 2  2  1 .
R
4 a b
3
4.  x y  x  y  dA  , where A is the area bounded by the parabola y  x 2 and the line y  x .
A
56
a4
5.  x y dx dy  , where R is the domain bounded by x  axis, ordinate x=2a and the curve x 2  4ay .
R
3
a 2b 2 x2 y2 x y
6. 
R
xy dx dy 
12
, where R is the region bounded by the ellipse 2  2  1 and   1 .
a b a b

 y dx dy  48a 5 , where R is the region bounded by the parabolas y 2  4ax and x 2  4ay .
3
7.
R

 e
x 3 y
8. dA , where R is the region bounded by the lines y  1 , y  2 and y   x  5 .
R

 x e
y2
9. dA , where R is the region bounded by the graphs of y  x 2 , x  0 and y  4 .
R

 x y dx dy  1 24 , where R is the region enclosed by the parabola y  x 2 and the lines y  0 , and x  1 .
2
10.
R

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 Dept. of Maths Intergal Calculus
11. Evaluate   r sin  dr d over the cardioid r  a 1  cos   above the initial line. Ans 4a 2 3

r dr d over the area included between the circles r  2 sin  and r  4 sin  .Ans: 45 2
3
12. Evaluate
2a 2 2a 2
13. Show that  r sin  dr d  , where R is the semicircle r  2a cos  above the initial line. Ans:
2
.
R
3 3

EXERCISES

xy 1
1. 
R 1 y2
dx dy 
6
, if R is the region bounded by the circle x 2  y 2  1 in the first quadrant.

x 
 sin   dx dy , where R is the region bounded by the x  y , x  0, y  1, y  2 .
2
2.
R
y 

 x dx dy  448 , where D is the domain in the first quadrant bounded by the hyperbola xy  16 , and the
2
3.
D
lines y  x , y  0 and x  8 .
 x 
 sin   dA , where R is the area bounded by x  y x  0, y  1, y  2
2
4.
R
y 
rdrd 4a 2
5. Evaluate  a2  r 2
over one loop of the lemniscate r 2  a 2 cos 2 . Ans : =
3

r dr d over the area bounded between the circles r  2 cos  and r  4 cos  .
3
6. Evaluate
III. CHANGING THE ORDER OF INTEGRATION

a x/a 11
1
  x  y  dx dy = a / 28  a / 20 
2 2
1. 3
7. dy dx
0 x/ a 0x
1  y 4

  y 4 2
e
2. 0 x y
dydx  1 . 8. 0 y x 3  1 dx dy
1 e
dydx a a 2  x2
3. 0 x log y  e  1  a3
e
9. 0 0 a 2  x 2  y 2 dy dx =
6
.
3 4 y
241
0 0  x  y  dx dy  60
1 x
4. 1
10.   xydydx  24 .
0 x
 x
1
0 0 x e
2
x
5. /y
dydx  .
2
2
1 1 y
6. 0 0 x3 y dx dy =1/24

EXERCISES

4 a 2 ax
16a 2
1. 0  dy dx  3
x 2 /4 a

2
 Dept. of Maths Intergal Calculus
 
sin px 
0 0 e 0
x y
2. Evaluate by changing the order of integration of sin px dx dy , S.T. dx  .
x 2
1 x2 a a
1 y 2 dy dx
3.   x 1  x  y dy dx
2 2 6. 0 ax y a x
4 2 2
  a2 / 6
1  1 x2
1 2 x
11
4. 0 x x
2
1  y dy dx
4 7. 0  2
xy dx dy
x

1 2 x 2
x 1
5. 0 x x2  y2
dy dx  1 
2
IV. CHANGE OF VARIABLES: changing to polar co-ordinates
2 2
a a y 3 9 x2

0 0  x  y  dy dx =  a / 8   x 2  y 2 dy dx
2 2 4
1. 3.
3 0
 
  dxdy  
0 0
 x2  y 2
2. e a a
x2
4 4. 
0 y x2  y 2
dxdy

EXERCISES

2
2 8 x 2 1 1 y
1   13  1
1. 0 x 5 x  y
2 2
dy dx  log  
8 5
2. 0 0 1  x2  y2
dx dy

a
a2  y 2
 a2 
2
1
3. 0 y log  x  y  dxdy
2 2
where  a  0 =  log a  
4  2

a a
x 2 dx dy 2 a 2 ax  x2
4. 0 y
a3
= log 1  2
x2  y2 3
  5. 0 0 dy dx 
 a2
2
APPLICATIONS OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS
1. Find the area of the following domains in xy – plane bounded by the indicated curves.
x2 y2
a) Ellipse  1 Ans :  ab
a2 b2
b) Parabola y 2  4 ax and straight line x  y  3a Ans: 64a 2 / 3
c) y 2  4 ax and x 2  4 ay Ans: 16 a 2 / 3
Find the area lying inside the cardioid r  a 1  cos   and outside the circle r  a . Ans: a   8 4 .
2
2.
3. Find by double integration, the area of lemniscate r 2  a 2 cos 2 . Ans: a2

4. Find the area of the cardioid r  a 1  cos   . Ans: 3 a 2 2

5. Find the area which is inside the circle r  3 a cos  and outside the cardioid r  a 1 cos  .Ans:  a 2 .
EXERCISES

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 Dept. of Maths Intergal Calculus
28
1. Determine the area bounded by the curves xy  2 , 4 y  x 2 and y  4 . Ans:  2 log 4
3
 8 
2. Find the area inside the circle r  a sin  and the lemniscate r 2  8 cos 2 . Ans:   4 3  4
 3 
3. Find by double integration, the area lying inside the circle r  a sin  and outside the cardioid
r  a 1 cos   . Ans: a 1   4
2

TRIPLE INTEGRALS:
c b a
8abc 2
   x  y 2  z 2  dzdydx   a  b2  c2  .
2
1.
c b  a
3
1 2 2 6 6 x 6  x  z

 x 0 0 1
2
2. yz dxdydz  1 5. dy dz dx
0 01
4 2 1 1

2 2 1  x  y  z dxdydz

4 2 x2
3. 1
6. 0 0 0 x  y2
2
dy dx dz
2 z yz
7
4. 0 1 0 xyzdxdydz  2 a a2  z 2 a 2  y 2  z 2
a5
7. 0 0 0 xdxdydz 
15
.

EXERCISES

1 x x y 1 z x z
7
1. 0 0 0  x  y  z  dz dy dx  8 4.     x  y  z  dxdydz  0
1 0 x  z
1 1 2 x2  y 2

1 1 x2 1 x2  y 2
1
5. 0 0 0 xye z dz dx dy
2. 0 0 0 xyzdzdydx 
48 4 2 2 4 z  x2
2
1 1 x2 1 x  y
2
dz dy dx 2
6. 0 0 0 dydxdz  8
3. 0 0 0 1  x2  y 2  z 2

8
7. Evaluate the triple integrals given R is the region bounded by the planes x  0 , y  0 , z  0 and
x  y  z  1.

a.   x  y  z  dx dy dz 1 8 .
R
b.  R  xyzdxdydz  1 720 .
dx dy dz 1 5
c.  1  x  y  z 
R
3
  log 2   .
2 8
VOLUME USING TRIPLE INTEGRAL
x y z abc
1. Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the plane    1 and the co-ordinate planes. Ans:
a b c 6
x2 y2 z2 4 abc
2. Find the volume of the ellipsoid   1 . Ans:
a2 b2 c2 3
Find the volume of the sphere x  y  z  a2 . Ans: 4 a 3
2 2 2 3
3.

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 Dept. of Maths Intergal Calculus
BETA AND GAMMA FUNCTIONS
1. Show that

 p 1
e    
 kx
a. x p 1dx  p
,k  0 c.
0
k 2

  n   2  e  x x 2 n 1dx
2
b.
0

 1 n!
1 n

0 x log x dx   m  1n1 , where n is an integer and m  1 .

m n
2.

n 1
 1
1

3.   n     log  dy , n  0 .
0
y

y q 1 x p 1  x q 1
1
4. Show that   p, q    dy   dx
1  y  1  x 
pq pq
0 0

x n 1  
5. If  dx  , show that   n   1  n   .
0
1 x sin n sin n
6. Evaluate
 7 1 2
a.     . c.   ,  .
 2 3 3
9 7 5 3
b.   ,  . d.   ,  .
2 2 4 4

7. Express the following integrals in terms of the Beta or Gamma function and evaluate.
1 
dx
a.  c.  y 3e 2 y dy
5
.
0 1  x4 0
 1

 x 1  x 
1 2

3
b. xe  x dx d. 92
dx
0 0

dx
e. 
0 1  x4
EXERCISES

 

e
t 2 3
t dt 2

1. 0
4. 
0
tan  d

e x
0 x7 4 dx
1 12
 x 
2.
5. 0  1  x3  dx

1  dx  6 
3
5 
3. 0 
x log
x  625

 x 1  x  dx in terms of the Gamma function and hence evaluate

m n p
8. Express
0

5
 Dept. of Maths Intergal Calculus
1 1
dx
 x 1  x 
3 10

5
a. dx . b.
0 0 1  xn
9. Show that
1   2
a. dx 1 1 1 e y 
 1 x4
  , 
4 2 4 2
c.  ye  y2
dy   dy 
0
y 2 2
x8 1  x 6 
0 0


b.  1  x 
0
24
dx  0 .

EXERCISES

1
x 2 dx
1
dx   
 2
   xe dx   x e dy 
8 4
1.  x 2 x

1 x 4
1 x 4
4 2 32
0 0
3. 0 0

 2  2
d 
x 2 dx 5 2
 sin  d   sin 
 
1  x 4 3

128

2. 0 0 4. 0

Suggested Reading
1. Find the mass of the tetrahedron bounded by the co-ordinates planes and the plane
x y z
   1 the variaable dernsity    xyz
a b c
2. Find the mass of a lamina in the form of the cardioid r  a 1  cos   whose density at any point
varies as the square of its distance from the initial line.
3. Find the mass of the solid in the form of the positive octant of the sphere x2  y 2  z 2  9 if the
density at any point is 2xyz
4. Find the centroid of a loop of the lemniscate r 2  a 2 cos  2 
5. Find the centroid of the tetrahedron bounded by the coordinate planes and the plane x  y  z  1
The density at any point varying as its distance from the face z  0
6. Find the Moment of Inertia of the area bounded by the curve r 2  a 2 cos  2  about its axis
7. Using double integrals, find the moment of inertia about the x-axis of the area enclosed by the
x y
lines x  0, y  0,   1
a b
8. Find the moment of inertia about the initial line of the cardioid r  a 1  cos  
9. Find the moment of inertia of a hollow sphere about a diameter, its external and internal radii
being 5 meters and 4 metres.
2 2 2
 x  y z
10. Find the moment of inertia of an octant of the ellipsoid          1
a b c