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Unit-III-Concise Format

The document contains 6 multi-step integration problems evaluating double integrals over various regions. The integrals are solved by first integrating with respect to one variable and then the other.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
23 views23 pages

Unit-III-Concise Format

The document contains 6 multi-step integration problems evaluating double integrals over various regions. The integrals are solved by first integrating with respect to one variable and then the other.

Uploaded by

20bd1a05ah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-III CONCISE QUESTIONS

x=2 , x= y

1. Evaluate ∬ ( y)dydx
x=0 , y=0

( )
x=2 2
y
∬ ( xy ) dxdy= ∫ 2
dx where y =0 ¿ y=x ¿
x=0

first w.r.t ‘y’ and then w.r.t ‘x’

( )
x=2 2
x
¿∫ dx
x=0 2

¿ ( )
3
1 x
where x=0 ¿ x=¿ 2
2 3
4
=3

y=2 , x=3

2. Evualuate ∬ (xy )dxdy


y=0 , x=0

( )
y=2 2
x
Sol: ∬ ( xy ) dxdy= ∫ dy where x=0 ¿ x=3 ¿
y=0 2
first w.r.t ‘x’ and then w.r.t ‘y’
y=2
¿ ∫ ( 92 ) y dy
y=0

( )
2
9 y
¿ where y=0¿ y =2
2 2
9 4
¿ ( )=9
2 2

θ=π /2 ,r =∞

3. Evaluate ∬ ¿¿
θ=0 , r=0
θ=π /2 ,r =∞ r= ∞ θ=π /2
r r
∬ ( 2 2 2 )drdθ = ∫ {
(r +a )
∫ dθ }(
(r + a2 )2
2
)dr
θ=0 , r=0 r =0 θ=0
r= ∞
r
= ∫ {θ }( )dr where θ=0 to θ=π /2
r =0 (r +a 2)2
2

r=∞
π r
= { } ∫ ( 2 2 2 )dr
2 r=0 (r +a )
π −1
= {4 } ( ¿ 2 ) where r =0 to r =¿ ∞
(r ¿ 2+ a )¿

π
= 2
4a

θ=π ,r =asinθ

4. Evaluate ∬ (r) drdθ


θ=0 ,r=0
θ=π ,r =asin θ θ=π r=asinθ

Sol: ∬ (r)drd θ = ∫ { ∫ (r )dr }d θ


θ=0 , r=0 θ =0 r=0

Here first w.r.t ‘r’ & then w.r.t’ɵ’ bcz r limits are in ‘ɵ’ and ‘ɵ’
limits are constants
θ=π 2
r
= ∫ { }dθ where r ¿ 0 to r =¿ asinɵ
θ =0 2
θ=π
1
= { } ∫ (asinθ)2 dθ
2 θ=0
2 θ=π
a
= { } ∫ (sinθ)2 dθ
2 θ =0
2 θ=π
a
={ } ∫ (1−cos 2 θ)/2. dθ
2 θ =0
2 θ=π
a
={ } ∫ (1−cos 2 θ)dθ
4 θ =0
2
a sin 2θ
={ }(θ - 2 ) where θ=0 ¿ θ=π
4
2
a
= }( π ¿
{
4

5. ∬ xy dxdy| in the region “R” bounded by the


curves x=2 a , x 2=4 ay∧X −axis

Sol: 1. Given “R” is the region bdd by the curves


2
x=2 a , x =4 ay∧X −axis
let us fix ‘x’ variable, such that x = 0 to x = 2a
2
x
such that ‘y’ changes from y= 0 to y =
4a
2
x
x=2 a , y=
4a
∬ xy dxdy ¿ ∬ (xy)dy }dx
x=0 , y=0
( )
x=2 a 2 2
y x
¿ ∫ 2
x dx where y=0¿ y=
4a
x=0

(∫( ) )
x=2 a 4
1 x
∬ xy dxdy ¿ 2 16 a 2
x dx
x=0

(∫ ( ) )
x=2 a
1 5
¿ x dx
32 a2 x=0

( )
6
1 x
= 2
where x=0 ¿ x=¿2a
32 a 6

1
¿ 2
¿
32 a

1
¿ 2
¿
32 a
4
a
=
3

6. E valuate ∬ y dxdy over a region “R” where “R” is bounded by the curves
2 2
y =4 x∧x =4 y
Sol: The point of Intersection of the two curves is A(4,4)
Therefore region of intersection R: OAO
For the evaluation of integral
∬ y dxdy , fix any variable either ‘x’ or ‘y’.

let us fix ‘x’ variable, such that x = 0 to x = 4


2
x
such that ‘y’ changes from y= to y = 2√ x
4
x=4 , y=2 √ x

∬ y dxdy ¿ ∬ x 2
( y)dy }dx
x=0 , y=
4

( )
x=4 2 2
y x
¿ ∫ 2
dx where y=
4
to y = 2 √ x
x=0

(∫ ( ) )
x=4 2 2
1 x
¿ (2 √ x ¿¿¿ 2−( ) dx
2 x=0
4
( ( ) )
x=4 4
1 x
∬ y dxdy ¿ 2 ∫ 4 x−
16
dx
x=0

5
1
¿ ¿- 1 .x ¿
2 16 5

48
= 5

7. Evaluate ∬ r sinθ dr dθ over the cardiod r = a (1 – cosq) above the initial


line.
Sol: Draw the region of integration above the initial line, is ‘R’: OAB
θ 0 45 9 135 18
0 0

r 0 0.3 1a 1.7 2a
a a

Hence region R: OAB lies between the lines


θ=0 ¿ θ=π and r = 0 to r = a (1 – cosq)

θ=π r=a(1−cosθ)

∬ r sinθ dr dθ= ∫ { ∫ (r sin θ)dr }dθ


θ =0 r=0

θ=π 2
r
= ∫ { }sin θ dθ where r ¿ 0 to r =¿ a(1-cosɵ)
θ =0 2
θ=π
1
= { } ∫ (a(1−cosθ))2 sin θ dθ
2 θ=0
2 θ=π
a
} ∫ (1−cosθ ) sin θ dθ
2
={
2 θ =0
n+1
f
∴∫ f n ( x ) . f ' ( x ) dx=
n+1

{ }
2
a 3
= (1−cosθ) /3 where θ=0 ¿ θ=π
2
2
a
= } ((1−cosπ )3- (1−cos 0)3)
{
6
2
a
={ }(8 – 0)
6
2
4a
={ }
3

|
x=4 a , y=2 √ ax

8. ∬ dydx by changing the order of integration over a region “R”


x2
x=0 , y=
4a

Sol: the region of integration lies between the lines x = 0; x = 4a & bdd
2
x
by the curves y= and y=2 √ ax i.e., here ‘x’ variable fixed and ‘y’
4a
variable changes.
To change the order of integration
Fix ‘y’ variable and find the ‘x’ limits i.e.,
draw a HORIZONTAL strip in the region where

2
y
Lower limit of ‘x’ lies on the curve y 2=4 ax ¿> ¿ x =
4a
Upper limit of ‘x’ lies on the curve x 2=4 ay=¿ x = 2 √ ay
Where y = 0 to y = 4a
x=4 a , y=2 √ ax y=4 a ,x=2 √ ay

∬ dydx = ∬ dxdy
x2 y2
x=0 , y= y=0 , x=
4a 4a
y=4 a 2
y
¿ ∫ ( x ) dy where x=
4a
to x = 2 √ ay
y=0
( ( ) )
y=4 a 2
y
¿ ∫ 2 √ ay −
4a
dy
y=0

y=4 a
1 2
¿ ∫ ((2 √ a . √ y ¿ ¿ ¿−
4a
y ))¿dy
y=0

2
16 a
¿
3
x=a , y=
√ x
a

9. Change the order of integration and evaluate ∬ (x 2 + y 2 )dxdy


x
x=0 , y=
a

Sol: Sol: the region of integration lies between the lines x = 0; x = a &
x

bdd by the curves y= a and y= x i.e., here ‘x’ variable fixed and ‘y’
variable changes.
a

To change the order of integration


Fix ‘y’ variable and find the ‘x’ limits i.e.,
draw a HORIZONTAL strip in the region where

Lower limit of ‘x’ lies on the curve y= x ¿> ¿ x = a y 2


x
√ a
Upper limit of ‘x’ lies on the curve y= a =¿ x = ay
Where y = 0 to y = 1
x=a , y=
√ x
a y=1, x=a y

∬ (x + y )dxdy =
2 2
∬ 2
2 2
(x + y )dxdy
x y=0 , x=a y
x=0 , y=
a

( )
y=1 3
x
¿ ∫ 3
2
+ y x dy where x = a y 2 to x = ay
y=0
( )( )
y=1 2 3
a3 y 3 2 (a y )
¿ ∫ 3
+ y ay −
3
+ y 2 a y 2 dy
y=0

¿∫( + y a )−( +a y ) dy
y=1 3 3 3 6 ❑
a y (a y ) 3 4

y=03 3

=( + a )−( +a ) where y = 0 to y = 1
3 4 4 3 7 ❑ 5
a y y (a y ) y
4 4 3.7 5
a a
¿¿ + −¿ + ¿ ¿
4 5
a
¿¿ + ¿
20

x=a , y= √ a −x
2 2

∬ y ( √ x + y )dxdy
2 2
10.Evaluate
x=0 , y=0

by changing into polar form.

Sol: The region of integration lies between


the lines x=0; x=a and bounded by the
circle x 2+ y 2 = a 2
i.e., +ve quadrant of the circle.
By changing into Polar form
i.e., x = r cosɵ; y = r sinɵ so that x 2+ y 2 = r 2
and dxdy = r drdɵ
x=a , y= √ a −x
2 2

∬ y ( √ x + y )dxdy
2 2

x=0 , y=0
π
θ= ,r =a
2

¿ ∬ rsinθ(r )rdrdθ
θ =0 , r=0
π
θ= ,r =a
2

¿ ∬ r 3 sinθ drdθ
θ =0 , r=0
π
θ=
2 4
r
¿ ∫ 4
sinθ dθ where r=0 ¿ r =a ¿
θ=0
π
θ=
4 2
a
¿
4
∫ sinθ dθ
θ=0
4
a
¿ (−cosθ)
4
4
a
=
4
1 , √ 1−x , √1− x − y ,
2 2 2

1
11.Evaluate ∭ ( )dzdydx
0 ,0 , 0 √ 1−x − y 2−z 2 2

1 , √ 1−x , √1− x − y ,
2 2 2

1
Sol: ∭ ( )dzdydx
0 ,0 , 0 √ 1−x − y 2−z 2 2

1 , √ 1−x , √1− x − y ,
2 2 2

¿ ∭ ¿¿
0 ,0 , 0
1 , √ 1−x
2

z
= ∬ sin (
−1
)dydx
0 ,0 √1−x 2− y 2
1 x
Since W.K.T.∫
−1
dx=sin
√ a −x
2 2 a
Where z=0 to z=√ 1−x 2− y 2
1 , √ 1−x

( )
2

= ∬ {sin
−1 √ 1−x 2− y 2 −sin 0 }dydx
−1

0 ,0 √ 1−x 2− y 2
1 , √ 1−x
2

π
= ∬ ( )dydx
2
0 ,0
1 , √1− x
2

π
=( )
2
∬ dydx
0, 0
1
π
¿( )∫ ydx Where y=0 to y=√ 1−x 2
2 0
1
π
¿( )∫ √ 1−x dx
2
2 0

¿ ( π2 ) ¿+ 12 sin −1
x¿¿ Where x=0 to x=1

¿ ( π2 )( π4 )
( )
2
π
¿
8

1 ,1− x, 1−x− y

12.Evaluate ∭ dzdydx
0 ,0 , 0
¿1 , 1−x ,1−x− y 1 ,1− x

Sol: ∭ dzdydx= ∬ ( z ) dydx


0 ,0 , 0 0 ,0
where z=0 ¿ z=1−x− y
1 ,1− x

= ∬ (1−x− y)dydx
0 ,0
1 2
y
=∫ ( 1−x ) y−(¿ ) dx ¿ where y=0¿ y =¿1-x
0 2
1 2
(1−x)
=∫ ( 1−x ) (1−x)−(¿ )dx ¿
0 2
1
(1−x)2
=∫ (1−x ) −(¿ )dx ¿
2

0 2
1
1
= ∫ (1−x)2 dx
20
1 (1−x )3
= 2( ¿
−3
1
= 6

1, 2 ,2

13. Evaluate∭ ( x 2 yz ) dZdydx


0 , 0 ,1
1, 2 ,2 x 1 ,2

Sol: ∭ ( x yz ) dzdydx=∬ x2 y z 2 dxdy


2

0 , 0 ,1 0 ,0
2 ( )
where z=1 ¿ z=2
1 ,2

=∬ x 2 y
0 ,0
( 32 ) dxdy
1, 2

=( )∬ x ydxdy
3
2 0, 0
2

=( )∫ x ( ¿ )dx ¿
2
3 y 2
where y=0¿ y =¿2
2 0 2

=( 2 ) ( 2 )( )
3
3 x
where x=0 ¿ x=1
3

=( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 )
3 1

=( 1 )

14.Evaluate ∭ ( x + y + z ) dxdydz
¿ the tetrahedranbounded by the coordinate planes∧the planex + y + z =1
Sol: the given region is bounded by coordinate planesx=0, y=0, z=0 and
the plane x + y + z =1
To find z-limits:
Since z=0 and x + y + z=1
z=0 ¿ z=1−x − y
To find y-limits:
Fix(x,y) i.e., in xy- plane
since z=0 => x + y =1
y=0 ¿ y=1−x
To find x-limits:
Since y=0; z=0 => x =1
=> x =0 to x=1

( )
¿1 , 1−x ,1−x− y 1 , 1−x
(x+ y+ z )2
∭ (x+ y + z)dzdydx= ∬
2
dydx
0 ,0 , 0 0 ,0
where z=0 ¿ z=1−x− y
1 ,1−x
1
=
2
∬ ( ( x + y ) +1−x− y ¿¿¿ 2 ) dydx
0, 0
1 ,1−x
1
=
2
∬ dydx
0, 0
1
1
=
20
∫ ( y¿) dx ¿ where y=0¿ y =¿1-x
1
1
=
20
∫ (¿ 1−x)dx ¿
2
1 x
= (x – ) where x=0 ¿ x=1
2 2
1 1
=¿(( 2 ) = 4

15.Using spherical polar coordinates Evaluate


∭ ( xyz ) dxdydz volume bdd by the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2=a2 ∈the first octant
the
Sol:Given region is the volume ‘V’ of the sphere x 2+ y 2+ z 2=a2
¿ the first octant
To find z-limits:
Since z=0 and x 2+ y 2+ z 2=a2
z=0 ¿ z=√ a2 - x 2− y 2
To find y-limits:
Fix(x,y) i.e., in xy- plane
since z=0 => x 2+ y 2=a2
y=0 ¿ y= √a 2 - x 2
To find x-limits:
since y=0; z=0 => x =a
=> x =0 to x=a
By changing into spherical coordinates(r , θ , ∅ ) where
x=rsinθcos ∅ ; y=rsinθsin ∅ ; z =rcosθ
Such that dxdydz =|J |drdθd ∅
∂( x , y , z )
2
Where J= ∂(r ,θ , ∅ ) =r sin θ
Where r = 0 to r = a
π
θ = 0 to θ =
2
π
∅ = 0 to ∅ =
2
π π
a, ,
2 2

∭ ( xyz ) dxdydz= ∭ (rsinθcos ∅ )(rsinθsin ∅ )(rcosθ).r 2 sin θ drdθd ∅


0 , 0 ,0
π π
a, ,
2 2

¿ ∭ (r 5)(sin 3 θcosθ)(sin ∅ )(cos ∅ ). drdθd ∅


0 ,0 , 0
π π
,
2 2
r 6 (sin3 θcosθ)(sin ∅ )(cos ∅ ) dθd ∅ where r=0 to r=a
¿∬
0 ,0 6
π π
,
6 2 2
∭ ( xyz ) dxdydz= a6 ∬ { ( sin3 θcosθ ) dθ \} (sin ∅ )(cos ∅ ) d∅
0 ,0
π
6 2
a
¿
6
∫ { 12 . β ( 2 ,1 ) }(sin ∅ )(cos ∅ ) d∅
0
π
2
since w.k.t.∫ sin m (θ ) cos n ( θ ) dθ= 1 . β( m+1 , n+1 )
0 2 2 2
π
2
a6 1 γ ( 2 ) . γ (1)
¿
. .
6 2 γ (2+1) 0
∫ (sin ∅ )(cos ∅ ) d ∅
γ ( m ) . γ (n)
since w.k.t. β ( m, n ) =¿
γ (m+ n)
π
6 2
a 1 1
¿ . . ∫ (sin ∅ )(cos ∅ ) d ∅
6 2 2 0
6
a 1 1 1
¿ . . { . β ( 1 ,1 ) }
6 2 2 2

{ }
6
a 1.1
¿
48 1
6
a
¿
48

16.Using Cylindrical polar coordinates Evaluate∭


dxdydz
volume of a cylinder
the
' '
with bas e radius a ∈ xy plane∧height ' h '
Sol: Given region is the volume ‘V’
' '
of a cylinder withbas e radius a ∧height ' h '
i.e., x 2+ y 2=a2 and 0 ≤ z ≤ h
By changing Cartesian coordinates(x,y,z) and cylindrical coordinates(
r , θ , ∅ ) is
x=rcosθ ; y =rsinθ ; z=z
And dxdydz =rdrdθdz
Where r = 0 to r = a
θ = 0 to θ =2 π
z = 0 to z =h

a ,2 π , h

∭ dxdydz = ∭ (r ) drdθdz
0 , 0 ,0

h ,2 π 2
r
¿∬( ) dθd z where r=0 to r=a
0, 0 2
2 h
a
= ( )∫ θdz where θ=0 to ᶿ=2 π
2 0

( )
2
a
= (2 π ){ z } where z=0 to z=h
2
= ( a 2 ) ( π ) (h)

3x 2
17. Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curves y= 2 ; 4 y=x
x +2
Sol: The curve 4y = x2 is a parabola
where y = 0  x = 0, 
y=1 x = ±2 

i.e., it passes through (–2, 1), (0, 0), (2, 1).


Likewise, for the y  3x
curve x2  2
Y
2

Q y 
(2,
A
P
O X
x=
Hence it passes through points (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 1), (–1, –1).
Also for the curve (x2 + 2) y = 3x, y = 0 (i.e. X-axis) is an asymptote.
3x 2
For the points of intersection of the two curves y= 2 ; 4 y=x
x +2
Then x = 0 y= 0
x=2 y=1
i.e. (0, 0) and (2, 1) are the two points of intersection.
3x
x=2 , y= 2
x +2

∬ dxdy ¿ ∬ 2
dy }dx
x
x=0 , y=
4

( )
x=2 2
3x x
¿∫ 2
− dx
x=0 x +2 4

( ( ) )
x=2 2 ❑
3 2x x
¿ ∫ ( 2 )−( ) dx
2 x +2 4
x=0

3
¿ ¿
2

3
¿ ¿
2

3
¿ ¿
2

18. Find by the double integration, the area lying inside the circle r = a
sinθ and outside the cardiod r = a(1 – cosθ).
Sol: The area enclosed inside the circle r = a sinθ and the cardiod r =
a(1 – cosθ) is shown as doted one.
For the radial strip PQ,
r varies from r = a(1 – cosθ) to r = a sin θ
and finally θ varies in between 0 to π /2
θ=π /2 r=asinθ
Area= ∫ { ∫ (r ) dr }dθ
θ=0 r=a(1−cosθ)

θ=π /2 2
r
= ∫ {
2
}dθ where r ¿ a ¿ ) to r =¿ a sinθ
θ=0

θ=π / 2
1
={ }
2
∫ 2
(asinθ) −¿ ¿
θ=0

2 θ=π /2
a
={ }
2
∫ 2 2
sin θ−(1−cosθ) dθ
θ=0

2 θ=π /2
a
={
2
} ∫ 2
sin θ−(1−2 cosθ +cos ¿¿ 2θ) dθ ¿
θ=0

2 θ=π /2
a
¿{
2
} ∫ 2 2
sin θ−1+2 cosθ−cos θ ¿ ¿ dθ
θ=0

2 θ=π /2
a
¿{
2
} ∫ −1+2 cosθ+(sin¿ ¿ 2θ−cos¿ ¿ 2θ)dθ ¿ ¿
θ=0

2 θ=π /2
a
¿{ }
2
∫ −1+2 cosθ−cos 2 θ ¿ ¿ dθ
θ=0

2
a sin 2 θ
¿{ }(−θ+2 sinθ− )
2 2

2
a −π
¿ { }( + 2)
2 2
19.Using double integral find the volume of the tetrahedran formed by the
x y z
coordinate planes and a + b + c =1

Sol: V =∬ Zdxdy
x
x=a , y=b(1− )
a

¿ ∬ z dx dy
x=0 , y=0

x
x=a , y=b(1− )
a
x y
¿ ∬ c (1− − )dx dy
a b
x=0 , y=0

2
x y
x=a (1− − ) x=a
a b −bc
¿c ∫ dx= ∫ ¿¿¿
x=0 −2/b 2 x=0

bc
¿ ¿
2
−abc
¿ ( 0−1)
6
abc
¿
6

20. Using double integral Find the volume bounded by cylinders x2 + y2 =


4; y+z =4; z=0

Solution: The equation of the cylinder x2 + y2 = 4 and z = 0


¿> y=± 2

The base is the circle in XY-plane with centre origin and radius 2 and equation
of the plane is y+z =4 ¿> z = y−4
V =∬ Zdxdy

y=2 , x= √ 4− y
2

¿ ∬ z dx dy
y=−2 , x=− √ 4− y
2

y=2 , x= √ 4− y
2

¿ ∬ (4− y )dx dy
y=−2 , x=− √ 4− y
2

y=2 ,x= √ 4 − y
2

¿2 ∬ ( 4− y) dx dy
y=−2 , x=0

y=2
¿2 ∫ ( 4− y ) . x dy
y=−2

y=2
¿2 ∫ ( 4− y ) .( √ 4− y 2) dy
y=−2

y=2
¿2 ∫ ( 4( √ 4− y 2)¿ )− y .(√ 4− y 2 )dy
y=−2

¿2¿
y=2
¿8 ∫ ((√ 4− y2 )¿ ) dy
y=−2

y=2
¿ 16 ∫ ((√ 22− y 2 )¿ ) dy
y=0

¿ 16 {
y
2 2 2 ( ( ))
( √ 4− y 2 ) + 4 sin−1 y }
¿ 16 {0+ 2 ( sin−1 ( 1 ) )−0 }

¿ 32 ¿)

=16 π
20. Find the volume of the tetrahedran formed by coordinate planes
x y z
¿ the plane + + =1
a b c
Sol: The given region is bounded by coordinate planesx=0, y=0, z=0 and
the plane
x y z
+ + =1
a b c
∴ volume V =∭ dxdydz
To find z-limits:
x y z
Since z=0 and a + b + c =1i.e.,z=0 ¿ z=c ¿)
To find y-limits:
Fix(x,y) i.e., in xy- plane the region is a triangle bdd by x=0, y=0 & line
x y
+ =1
a b
x
y=0 ¿ y=b(1− a )
=> x =0 to x=a
( ax ),c ¿ ¿
¿ a ,b 1−
¿

∭ ¿
0 ,0 , 0
where z=0 ¿ z=c ¿
( )
a ,b 1−
x
a
=c ∬ ¿¿
0 ,0

( )
a 2
x y
=c ∫ 1− ¿ y− dx
0 a 2b

where y=0¿ y =b 1− ( xa )
( ( )
)
x 2
a (b 1− )
=c

0
1−
x¿
a ( ) x
b 1− −
a 2b
a
dx

( )
a 2
x 1
¿ bc ∫ (1− ) (1− ) dx
0 a 2

( )
a 2
x 1
¿ bc ∫ (1− ) ( ) dx
0 a 2

= ∫ ((1− ) ) dx
a 2
bc x
2 0 a

= ∫ (( ) ) dx
a 2
bc x −a
2 a
0
a
bc
= 2 ∫ ( ( x−a ) ) dx
2

2a 0
bc
= 2 ¿)where x=0 ¿ x=a
2a

bc ( a )3
= 2( )
2a 3
abc
= 6

22. Find the volume of the region formed by coordinate planes∧¿


the plane 2 x+ 3 y + 4 z =12

Sol: The given region is bounded by coordinate planesx=0, y=0, z=0 and
the plane 2 x+ 3 y + 4 z =12
∴ volume V =∭ dxdydz
To find z-limits:
Since z=0 and 2 x+3 y + 4 z =12 i.e.,z=0 ¿ z=¿)/4
To find y-limits:
Fix(x,y) i.e., in xy- plane the region is a triangle bdd by x=0, y=0 & line
2 x+3 y =12
y=0 ¿ y=(12−2 x) /3
=> x =0 to x=6
¿6 ,(1 2−2 x)/3 ,(1 2−2 x−3 y)/ 4 6 ,(1 2−2 x)/ 3

∭ dzdydx= ∬ ( z ) dydx
0 , 0 ,0 0, 0
12−2 x−3 y
where z=0 ¿ z=
4
6 ,(12−2 x)/ 3
1
=
4
∬ ( 12−2 x−3 y ) dydx
0, 0

( )
6 2
1 y
= ∫ 12−2 x ¿ y −3 dx
4 0 2

where y=0¿ y =¿(12-2x)/3


6
1
= ∫ ( 12−2 x ¿ ( 1 2-2x)/3−3 ( 1 2-2x)/3 ¿2 ¿ ¿ 2 ) dx
4 0

( )
6 2 2
1 (12−2 x) (12−2 x)
= ∫
4 0 3
−3
18
dx

( )
6 2 2
1 (12−2 x) (12−2 x)
= ∫ − dx
4 0 3 6

( )
6 2
1 ( 12−2 x ) 1
= ∫ (1− ) dx
4 0 3 2

= ∫( )
6 2
1( 12−2 x )
dx
4 0
3.2
6
1
= ∫ ( ( 12−2 x ) ) dx
2

24 0
6
4
= ∫ ( ( x−6 ) ) dx
2

24 0
1
= 6 ¿)where x=0 ¿ x=6
1
= 18

23.Find the centre of gravity of the area bounded by y 2=x∧x + y =2


Sol: Given the area bounded by y 2=x∧x + y =2
The centre of gravity of the region OAB is (x , y )
∬ xρdxdy ∬ yρdxdy
x= ;y =
∬ ρdxdy ∬ ρdxdy
Let us assume the region has uniform density
At any point in the region.
∬ xdxdy ∬ ydxdy
Therefore x = ;y =
∬ dxdy ∬ dxdy
The region OAB lies between the lines y=1 and y= -2
And x= y 2∧x =2− y
y=1 , x=2− y

∬ x dxdy ¿ ∬ 2
(x )dx dy
y=−2, x= y

( )
y=1 2
x
¿ ∫ 2
dy where x= y 2∧x=2− y
y=−2 ,

(∫ ( )
y=1
1
(2− y ) − y ) dy
2 4
¿
2 y=−2 ,

1
¿ ¿)
2
1 −1 −1 −64 −32
¿ {( - ) – ( - 5 )}
2 3 5 3
36
¿
5
y=1 , x=2− y

∬ y dxdy ¿ ∬ 2
( y )dx dy
y=−2, x= y
y=1
¿ ∫ y ( x ) dy where x= y 2∧x=2− y
y=−2 ,

(∫ )
y=1
y ( 2− y − y ) dy
2
¿
y=−2 ,

(∫( )
y=1
2 y − y − y ) dy
2 3
¿
y=−2 ,
3 4
y y
¿( y 2- − ) where y=1 and y= -2
3 4
−9
¿
4
y=1 , x=2− y

∬ dxdy ¿ ∬ 2
dx dy
y=−2, x= y
y=1
¿ ∫ ( x ) dy where x= y ∧x=2− y
2

y=−2 ,

(∫( )
y=1
2− y − y ) dy
2
¿
y=−2 ,

2 3
y y
¿(2y - − ) where y=1 and y= -2
2 3
9
¿
2
∬ xdxdy
Therefore x =
∬ dxdy
36/5
¿
9/2
8
¿
5

∬ ydxdy
y =
∬ dxdy
−9/4
¿
9 /2
−1
¿
2
8 −1
Therefore centre of gravity of the region OAB is ( 5 , 2 )

24.Find the centre of gravity of the area of the cardioid


r = a (1 – cosθ)
Sol: Given the area is the cardioid r = a (1 – cosθ)
The centre of gravity of the region OABC is (x , y )

∬ rcosθρ rdrdθ ∬ rsinθρ rdrdθ


x = ;y =
∬ ρrdrdθ ∬ ρrdrdθ
Let us assume the region has uniform density
At any point in the region.
Since curve is symmetric about θ =0(about X-axis) Y=0
∬ rcosθ rdrdθ
Therefore x = ;y =0
∬ rdrdθ
Hence region R: OAB lies between the lines
θ=0 ¿ θ=π and r = 0 to r = a (1 – cosθ )
therefore total R: OABC =2. R: OAB
θ=π r=a(1−cosθ)

2∬ r cos θ r dr dθ =2 ∫ { ∫ (r 2 cos θ)dr }dθ


θ =0 r=0
θ=π 3
r
=2 ∫ { }cos θ dθ where r ¿ 0 to r =¿ a(1-cosɵ)
θ =0 3
θ=π
2
= { } ∫ (a(1−cosθ))3 cos θ dθ
3 θ=0
3 θ=π
2a
} ∫ (1−cosθ) cos θ dθ
3
={
3 θ=0
3 θ=π
2a
} ∫ (1−3 cosθ+3 cos θ−cos θ) cos θ dθ
2 3 ❑
={
3 θ=0

3 θ=π
2a
} ∫ ( cos θ−3 cos θ+ 3 cos θ−cos θ) dθ
2 3 4 ❑
={
3 θ=0
3 θ=π
2a
} ∫ (−3 cos θ−cos θ) dθ
2 4 ❑
={
3 θ=0
3 θ =π /2
−2 a .2
={
3
} ∫ 2 4 ❑
(3 cos θ+ cos θ) dθ
θ=0
3
−4 a 1 31 π
={ }(3. + ) using β−γ
3 2 42 2
3
−5 a π
={ }
4
θ=π r=a(1−cosθ)

2∬ r dr dθ =2 ∫ { ∫ (r ) dr }dθ
θ =0 r=0

θ=π 2
r
=2 ∫ { }dθ where r ¿ 0 to r =¿ a(1-cosɵ)
θ =0 2
θ=π

= ∫ (a(1−cosθ))2 dθ
θ =0
θ=π

=a 2
∫ (1−cosθ )2 dθ
θ =0
θ=π

=a 2 ∫ (1−2 cosθ+ cos2 θ)❑ dθ


θ =0

θ=π ❑
=a 2
∫ (1+ 1+cos
2

) dθ
θ =0
2
3a π
={ }
2
∬ rcosθ rdrdθ
Therefore x =
∬ rdrdθ
3
−5 a π
{ }
4
¿ 2
3a π
{ }
2
−5 a
¿
6

−5 a
Therefore centre of gravity of the region OABC is ( 6 ,0)

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