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Climate and Climate Variability

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15 views3 pages

Climate and Climate Variability

Uploaded by

Crackdrid 4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLIMATE AND CLIMATE

VARIABILITY
Climate refers to the long-term patterns of temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and other atmospheric
conditions in a particular region over an extended period, typically spanning decades to centuries. It represents the
average weather conditions observed in a given area, taking into account seasonal variations and extreme events.
Climate is influenced by various factors, including latitude, altitude, proximity to large bodies of water, ocean currents,
and atmospheric circulation patterns.
Climate variability refers to the natural fluctuations or changes in climate parameters over time scales ranging from
months to decades. These variations can occur due to internal processes within the Earth's climate system, such as
interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and ice sheets, as well as external factors such as volcanic
eruptions, solar radiation, and variations in Earth's orbit.
Climate variability manifests in different forms, including:
• Seasonal Variability: The regular changes in climate conditions that occur throughout the year due to the tilt of the
Earth's axis and its orbit around the Sun. This leads to variations in temperature, precipitation, and daylight hours
between different seasons.
• Interannual Variability: Fluctuations in climate conditions from one year to the next. This can be influenced by
phenomena such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which involves periodic changes in sea surface
temperatures and atmospheric pressure patterns in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, impacting weather patterns
worldwide.
• Decadal Variability: Changes in climate conditions occurring over periods of approximately 10 to 30 years. These
variations can be driven by factors such as oceanic oscillations (e.g., the Pacific Decadal Oscillation) and long-term
shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns.
• Long-term Trends: Gradual changes in climate parameters over periods of several decades to centuries. This includes
phenomena such as global warming, attributed primarily to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels,
deforestation, and industrial processes, leading to an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere
and subsequent changes in temperature and precipitation patterns.
Understanding climate variability is essential for assessing the risks associated with climate change, predicting future
climate conditions, and developing strategies to adapt to and mitigate its impacts on society, ecosystems, and economies.
Climate scientists use various observational data, climate models, and statistical analyses to study and characterize
climate variability at different spatial and temporal scales.

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