Structure 2 Test: Models of Bonding & Structure

Higher Level

Time: 75 minutes Score: 60

Name: ______________________

Paper 1A. Multiple choice questions. Answer all questions on a separate answer sheet. [Total marks: 25]
1. The formula of ammonium hydrogen carbonate is
A. NH4HCO3 C. NH4H(CO3)2
B. NH4(HCO3)2 D. (NH4)2HCO3

2. Which of the following compound has the greatest ionic character?

A. KCl C. NaF
B. RbF D. MgCl2

3. Which particles are responsible for electrical conductivity of potassium chloride in molten state?
A. Cations and anions C. Electrons
B. Neutrons D. Protons

4. Which statement is correct about lattice enthalpy?

A. Lattice enthalpy represents the energy needed to transfer an electron from the most
electronegative atom to a less electronegative atom.
B. Lattice enthalpy increases when the charge density of the component ions increases.
C. Lattice enthalpy increases when the radii of the component ions increase.
D. Lattice enthalpy decreases when the charge of the component ions increase.

5. Which substance is most likely to be ionic?

CCl4
CCl4

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6. List the sodium halides in order of decreasing lattice enthalpy
A. NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI C. NaI, NaBr, NaCl, NaF
B. NaF, NaBr, NaCl, NaI D. NaI, NaBr, NaF, NaCl

7. Which molecule has the weakest nitrogen to nitrogen bond?

A. N2H4 C. N2
B. N2H2

D.
8. What is the correct Lewis (electron dot) structure for hypochlorous acid, HClO?
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
A. : Cl : O : H : B. : Cl : H : O : C. : Cl : O : H D. O : Cl : H
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9. Which molecule has a non-bonding (lone) pair of electrons on the central atom?
A. BF3 C. CO2
B. SO2 D. SiF4

10. How do the bond angles in CH4, NH3 and H2O compare
A. CH4 = NH3 = H2O C. NH3 < CH4 < H2O
B. CH4 < NH3 < H2O D. H2O < NH3 < CH

11. The table below shows the electronegativities of four elements (X, Y, Z, Q) (Note: The letters are not
their chemical symbols).

Element X Y Z Q
Electronegativity 0.9 1.2 3.4 4.0

Which statement is correct?

A. X is a non-metal C. Q is a metal
B. X and Y form an ionic compound D. Z and Q form a covalent compound

12. The number of electrons in the valence shell of elements A and B, are 2 and 7 respectively. What is the
formula and type of bonding in a compound formed by these elements?
A. A2B, covalent C. A2B, ionic
B. AB2, covalent D. AB2, ionic

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13. How many lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons surround the central chlorine atom in ClBr2+?

14. Lewis structures are represented in different ways in different parts of the world. Two ways of drawing
the Lewis structure for H3O+ are shown below.

Which statement is correct about H3O+?

A. The ion has a tetrahedral shape C. The H–O–H bond angle is 90°
B. The H–O–H bond angle is 120° D. The ion has a trigonal pyramidal
shape

15. Which combination correctly describes the geometry of the carbonate ion, 𝐶𝑂! "# ?

16. Which compound has the shortest C to N bond?

A. CH3NH2 C. HCN
B. (CH3)2NH D. CH3CH2NH2

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17. The electronegativity values of four elements are given.

What is the order of increasing polarity of the bonds in the following compounds?
A. CO < OF2 < NO < CF4 C. CF4 < CO < OF2 < NO
B. NO < OF2 < CO < CF4 D. CF4 < NO < OF2 < CO

18. Which molecule is polar?

A. CH2Br2 C. CH3CH3
B. BF3 D. CH4

19. Which of the following is/are evidence of delocalisation in the structure of benzene?
I. Benzene cannot be dissolved in polar solvent
II.The enthalpy of hydrogenation of benzene has lower value than that based on adding H2 to a double
bond
III. Benzene has lower melting point than that of the similar structure molecules
A. I only C. II only
B. I and II only D. II and III only

20. Which statement correctly describe the NO2– ion?

I. It can be represented by resonance structures
II.It has two lone pairs of electrons on the N atom
III. The overall bond order of N to O is 1.5
A. I and II only C. II and III only
B. I and III only D. I, II and III

21. Which of the following structure contains delocalised electrons?

I. C6H5OH
II.CH3COO–
III. NO3–
A. I and II only C. II and III only
B. I and III only D. I, II and III

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22. Which combination correctly describe the geometry of BrI4–?

23. For which species cannot be drawn by resonance structures?

A. O3 C. CH3COOH
2–
B. CO3 D. HCOO–

24. Which molecule has a square planar molecular geometry?

A. XeO4 C. SF4
B. XeF4 D. SiF4

25. Which describe a resonance structure?

A. It must have one double bond C. Double bond has alternative positions
B. It must have higher Lattice Enthalpy D. It is the same as Lewis structure

Paper 1B. Data & experiment-based questions. [Total marks: 2]

The bond enthalpy of a carbon-carbon triple bond is 839 kJ mol–1 and its bond length is 120x10–12m.
a) Use this data and the information in the table below to predict the bond enthalpies and bond lengths of
single and double carbon-carbon bonds.
Bond Bond Enthalpy (at 298K) / kJ mol–1 Bond Length /10–12m
C–N 286 147
C=N 615 130
C≡N 890 116

Bond Enthalpy (at 298K) / kJ mol–1 Bond Length /10–12m

C–C …………………………. ……………………….

C=C …………………………. ……………………….

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 b) Compare your predictions with the value in the data booklet.

Comparison:

Paper 2. Short and extended response questions. Answer all questions on the space of this test paper.
[Total marks: 33]

1. Ionic compound is a chemically bonded compound, consisting of oppositely charged ions.

a) List two properties of ionic compound. [2]

b) Explain why ionic compound holds these properties. [2]

2. Lattice Enthalpy value, ∆Hlattice, shows how strong the ionic bonds are in particular ionic lattice.
a) Write equation, including state symbols, to represent the Lattice Enthalpy of MgCl2. [2]

b) State and explain which of the following ionic compounds you expect to have the greatest Lattice
Enthalpy value:

KBr CaBr2 K2S CaS [2]

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3. Methanol is an alcohol with the formula CH3OH.
a) Draw a Lewis (electron dot) structure of methanol. [1]

b) Outline whether you expect methanol molecule to be polar or non-polar, giving a brief reason. [3]

c) Predict the solubility of methanol in water. Explain your answer. [2]

d) Phosphine is usually prepared by heating white phosphorus, one of the allotropes of phosphorus, with
concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide. The equation for the reaction is:
P4 (s) + 3OH− (aq) + 3H2O (l) → PH3 (g) + 3H2PO2− (aq)
Lewis (electron dot) structures are useful models. Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structures of PF3 and
PF4+ and use the VSEPR theory to deduce the molecular geometry of each species. [4]

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4. Two hydrides of nitrogen are ammonia and hydrazine, N2H4. One derivative of ammonia is methanamine
whose molecular structure is shown below.

a) Estimate the H−N−H bond angle in methanamine using VSEPR theory. [1]

b) Describe the polarity of methanamine molecule. Give brief explanation to your answer. [2]

5. Draw Lewis (electron dot) structures of the following molecules, indicating the coordination bonds clearly.[4]
a) Ammonium ion, NH4+ b) Carbon monoxide, CO

6. Which of the following molecules are non-polar. Justify your answer. [2]
SCl4 ClF3 BrCl5 SeCl6

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7. Provide and justify one piece of chemical evidence and one piece of physical evidence to demonstrate the
resonance structure of benzene. (Do not refer to Multiple Choice Question 19 as some choices listed maybe
be incorrect. [2]

8. Deduce the electron domain geometry, molecular geometry, bond angle and polarity of the
following molecules. [4]

IF5 ICl2+

SOF4 ClF3

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