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Synchro

Synchro is used to transmit shaft position or torque over long distances without rigid connections. It has two main parts - a transmitter and receiver. The transmitter produces a rotating magnetic field from a single-phase supply that induces voltages in the receiver, causing its rotor to align in the same position as the transmitter rotor.

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Tanvir Mahatab Nadim
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761 views4 pages

Synchro

Synchro is used to transmit shaft position or torque over long distances without rigid connections. It has two main parts - a transmitter and receiver. The transmitter produces a rotating magnetic field from a single-phase supply that induces voltages in the receiver, causing its rotor to align in the same position as the transmitter rotor.

Uploaded by

Tanvir Mahatab Nadim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SYNCHRO |1

Question: What is synchro? Describe the parts of synchro.

Answer:

Synchro: Synchros are low torque devices widely used in control system for
transmitting shaft position information or for making two or more shafts to run
in synchronism.

So, synchro is used to transmit torque over long distances.

Parts of synchro: It has two parts:

i) Synchro transmitter
ii) Synchro receiver

Synchro transmitter: Its construction is similar to a 3-Φ alternator. The


stator has 3-Φ windings each at 120° apart. The rotor is of salient pole and has
single phase (1-Φ) winding. The stator and rotor cores are laminated with
silicon steel. The rotor is of dumb-bell shape. It has concentrated to single phase
supply, V1=Vmsinωt, through a pair of slip rings, it produces an alternating flux
field along the axis of the rotor. This alternating flux induces three unbalanced
1-Φ voltage in the three stator windings by transformer action. The output of the
transmitter is applied to the 3-Φ winding of the synchro receiver.

Prepared By: Hasan Bin Firoz (533)


Energy Conversion-III (EEE-705)
SYNCHRO |2

Synchro receiver: The synchro receiver has a cylindrical type rotor. But
other construction is same as transmitter. The cylindrical rotor gives uniform air
gap. So, it can work as an error detector.

Question: What are the types of synchro?

Answer: There are many types of synchro but the four basic types used for
applications of positioning and error voltage as-

i) Control transmitter
ii) Control receiver (C.R)
iii) Control transformer (C.T)
iv) Control differential (C.D)

where, type (i), (ii) and (iii) are always 1-Φ but type (iv) is 3-Φ type. Control
differential type synchro can be classified into two types:

a) Control differential transmitter


b) Control differential receiver

Question: Describe the working principle of synchro (voltage relation) along


with its transmitter and receiver.

Answer:

Working principle: When 1-Ф supply is given to the rotor, an alternating flux
is produced that induces voltage in the 3-Ф stator. The stator voltage will be
unbalanced due to 1-Ф supply.

Voltage relation: Let, rotor voltage


be Er. The alternating flux induces
three different voltage in the stator
windings s1, s2 and s3 respectively by
transformer action.

If transformation ratio, K = =
then the stator voltage, Es = KEr.

∴ RMS value of induced voltage in


stator winding 2 when the rotor is
displaced by an angle α,

Prepared By: Hasan Bin Firoz (533)


Energy Conversion-III (EEE-705)
SYNCHRO |3

E2S = Ercosα

Since, the axis of stator winding 1 is 120° ahead of stator winding 2,

∴ Induced voltage in stator winding 1 is E1S = Ercos(α 120°)

Similarly, E3S = Ercos(α 240°) = Ercos(α 120°)

∴ Vector sum,

E12 = E1S+E2S

= Ercos(α 120°) Ercosα

= Er cosαcos120° + Er sinαsin120° Ercosα


√
= Ercosα + sinα Ercosα

√
= Er[ ]+ sinα

√
=√ [ ]

=√ [cosαcos150°+sinαsin150°]
√
=√ cos(α 150°) [∵ cos150° = and sin150°= ]

∴ E12 = √ cos(α 150°)

Similarly, E23 = E2S + E3S = √ cos(α 30°)

And, E31 = E3S + E1S = √ cos(α 90°)

Question: Write down the application of synchro.

Answer:

Synchros are used to transmit torque without the use of rigid mechanical
connection. Synchros are basically torque transmission system.

As control transmitter (CX) is rotated by an angle α, control receiver (CR) is


also rotated by an angle α.

Let, CX rotor is displaced by an angle α and k1 is closed then rotor winding is


energized by 1-Φ supply. The 1-Φ supply will produce 1-Φ flux that induces
Prepared By: Hasan Bin Firoz (533)
Energy Conversion-III (EEE-705)
SYNCHRO |4

three voltages in the three stator windings. These three voltages circulate three
currents in the stator windings through the stator windings of CR also.

These current in CR produce fluxes whose axis is fixed by an angle α. Now K 2


is closed then the rotor flux of CR will interact with the CR stator flux and
produce a torque. The torque will rotate the freely moving rotor of CR to a
position which will correspond to CX rotor position, that is α.

When CX and CR in equilibrium position their stator voltages will be exactly


equal and opposite and no current flows in the stator.

If the CX rotor angle α changes to a new value, then CR rotor angle also
changes. Here CX is called Master and CR is called slave.

Prepared By: Hasan Bin Firoz (533)


Energy Conversion-III (EEE-705)

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