ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND DETAIL DRAWINGS - Are local laws that set the standard for structural design

- Are designed to develop the technical skills and technical within the community
know-how of the students in architectural drafting works - This is a collection of local laws that regulate the building of
SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN homes and other structures
- Is the outline and measurements of the proposed building - These legal requirements are intended to protect the safety
and its placement on the property and health of the people who live and work in buildings
- This shows the position and the location of the building with - Some of the designs and construction features covered by
property line, setbacks, approaches, grade contours, building codes include:
landscapes and other pertinent data 1. Qualifications of persons who can design building within the
- A site development plan is drawn using a scale not smaller area
than 1:200 meters 2. Structural design that can be used
SITE 3. Lot sizes for certain types of buildings
- Is an area of land available for construction or the lot on 4. Types and sizes of materials that can be used
which the buildings constructed LOCATION PLAN
- A lot is piece of ground of specific size - Is the top view of the site or lot where the proposed house
- A subdivision is a large tract of land that is being developed will be built. It shows the position of the house inside the lot,
PLANNING CONSIDERATION IN DEVELOPING THE SITE the number of adjacent lots, streets or lanes before or
- Location of a proposed house on the lot. The location must beside the lot, and north sign
be considered in order to determine the locations of rooms - The location plan is usually located near the title block
and the house of itself - The main line symbol of the North sign is generally parallel
- The front part of the house generally faces the street or to the side border line of the drawing paper and points
away from the ugly views like back parts of neighboring upward.
houses, a swampy area, and thick bushes FLOOR PLAN
- Many want their bedrooms to face the sunrise-which is on - Is the top cross sectional view of the floor area of a house.
the eastern side of the lot. Those who work at night, prefer The horizontal cutting plane line for this top view passes
their bedrooms located on the west side. between the upper and lower window sills or one meter
- The breeze at the site may determine the location of the above the floor line
living room and toilet - It shows the size and arrangement of rooms
- In high locations the floor may be 20 cm only from the - Also presents the sizes and locations of the stairs, door, and
ground level window openings and partitions and walls.
- The house may be located at the center of the lot. Or one of - The materials required for constructing permanent or
its sides may be exactly on a lot line or fence integral parts of each room such as bedroom, closets etc.
- A firewall is made of concrete, adobe, and concrete hollow should also be accounted for in the bill of materials
blocks. It should be constructed on the side of the house 1. LIVING ROOM
- Likes and dislikes of a family member must also be - Is the center of the living area in most homes
considered. It is a factor considered if the family is rich. the - it should be centrally located and should be adjacent to the
architect or draftsman has to first interview the members of outside entrance and to the dining area
the family to get information about their interests, hobbies, - the entrance should not lead directly into the living room.
and the like. From such interviews, he will get to know - Recommended size should be atleast:
whether the family wants in their house. - 2.00m x 3.00 m small
PROPERTY LINE - 3.7 m x 5.5 m average
- Are those lines working outside of the lot area - 6.1 x 7.9 m, optimum size in rectangular shape
SETBACK 2. BEDROOM
- Refers to the distance at how far a building can be built - Is a room for sleeping and taking rest of the family
within the property lines - Ideal number of rooms for a low-cost housing should be
ZONING two bedrooms
- Refers to the legal restrictions on size, location and type of - Master’s bedroom and bedroom
structures to be built on a designated are - preferably, there should be a toilet and bath in master’
bedroom and built-in cabinets or closets.
ZONING LAWS
- One major covered by the building code is the zoning laws 3. DINING AREA
- Designed to keep different areas of a community from - Is the area where greatly depend on eating habits of the
interfering with each other. occupants
- Zoning laws establish standards for construction in - This should be located between the living room and kitchen
different sizes and uses. - Its size and shape depend on the size of the family
- One of the first things an architect must do is to read the 4. KITCHEN
building codes. The intended use of the building has to be - Is the place for preparation of food and connecting the
within the limits of zoning laws. work triangle area for storage and mixing center,
- The size of the lot must be large enough to meet the preparation and cleaning center and cooking center
requirements - There should be a storage hanging kitchen cabinet with
minimal width of 0.60 meter
BUILDING CODE
- Types of kitchens: U-shaped kitchen, L-shaped kitchen,
Corridor type kitchen
5. BATHROOM LIVING ROOM LR CEMENT CEM
- Is where the toilet and tub or shower are separated to save
economically in plumbing DINING ROOM DR BOTH WAYS B. W.
- As much as possible keep the toilet near the kitchen KITCHEN K METER M
- The bath and toilet must be near the bedrooms, accessible
to the living room without passing through the other rooms LAVATORY LAV MILLIMETER MM
- In a two-storey residential house, the bedrooms, toilet, and
TOILET & BATH T&B AT @
bath are often located on the second floor.
- In this case, the stair must go up from the living room or BUILDING BLDG DOWNSPOUT DS
hall if there is any. The stair is generally L or U- shaped and
has a landing. BUILT – IN BLT- VERTICAL VERT.
- Bathroom doors could be as small as 55- 60 cm. except for IN
utility bathrooms which require not less than 70cm. ON CENTER OC NOT TO SCALE NTS
- In general, the bathroom wall contains only one door.
6. ENTRANCE DOWN DN FLOOR LINE FL
- The entrance is composed of an outside waiting area like
CEILING LINE CL GROUND LINE GL
the porch, marquee or lanai and an inside waiting area like
foyer or entrance hall. ELEVATION ELEV. FINISH FLOOR LINE FFL
- It provides for and controls the flow of traffic into and out
of a building.
STEPS IN DRAWING FLOOR PLAN
- Is divided into several types:
1. Prepare the needed tools and materials
- The main entrance
2. Use the correct scale
- Provides access to the house
3. Construct the wall thickness. Use 0.15 mm CHB for the major
- The one where guests are welcomed and from which all
walls
major traffic patterns radiate
4. Start from the center of the wall
- Should be readily identifiable
5. Divide the floor area to other areas of the house. Use a .10cm
- Should provide shelter to anyone awaiting entrance
interior wall partition. Compute each area of the house, then
- The service entrance
check the total floor area.
- Provides access to the house through which supplies can
6. Lay out the position of doors and windows by center line and by
be delivered to the service areas going through other
their widths with a 4H pencil. The standard width of doors is
parts of the house.
90-95cm like the main door. While 80cm for bed rooms and
- It should also provide access to parts of the service area
service doors. 0.75 cm for toilet and bath doors.
like the garage
7. Label each part of the floor plan. Draw the kitchen and apply the
- the special purpose entrance
work triangle principle in designing the kitchen. Draft the
- do not provide for outside traffic.
- Instead, they provide for movement from the inside toilet and bath and draw the fixtures properly.
living area of the house to the outside living areas. 8. Lay out extension lines. Use any dimension limits and layout
- A sliding door from the living area to the patio is a dimensions legibly and never repeat dimensions.
special-purpose entrance. 9. Draw the schedule of doors and windows. Name doors and
- It is not an entrance through which street, drive, or windows by sizes. Finally, draw the roof line of the floor plan.
sidewalk traffic would have an access.
ELEVATION DRAWINGS
7. GARAGE AND CARPORTS
- Are orthographic drawings. They show the exterior of a building.
- A garage is an enclosed structure designed primarily to
Elevation is the part of the building that people see and
shelter an automobile.
observe, hence, it is the part they use to judge the structure
- It may be used for many secondary purposes – as a
- Flexibility is possible in the design of elevations, even those
workshop, as a laundry, or for storage space.
designed from the same floor plan.
- It is usually attached to the house in some manner to
- The designer should keep in mind that only horizontal distances
provide a sheltered entry.
can be established on the floor plan, while that of the vertical
- A carport is a garage with one or more of the exterior walls
distances such as height of doors, windows and roofs must be
removed.
shown on the elevation.
- It may consist of a free-standing roof completely separate
from the house, PRIMARY SKETCHES
- or it may be built against the existing walls of the house. - The location and proportion of features are very important in
the drawing of elevation.
ARCHITECTURAL ABBREVIATIONS - Main attention is given to the proportion of walls and openings.
Things to consider in drawing of elevations:
BALCONY BALC SECTION SEC.
- PROPORTION–deals with size and shape of areas and their
BATHROOM B FLOOR FLR relation to one another
- FENESTRATION–deals with the arrangement of windows and
BEDROOM BR CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS CHB doors in a wall
- HARMONY–refers to all features that should harmonize to
MASTER MBR CORRUGATED CORR
present a uniform elevation
BEDROOM
 - SHADOWS–refer to a simple elevation, which can become
interesting when designed to take advantage of shadows

FINISHED SKETCHES
- May be carefully drawn with the use of drawing instruments.
- fairly large-scale drawings the exact size of all features together
with their correct representation must be considered.
- In drafting of elevations, these are some of the things to
consider:
- WINDOW AND DOOR SIZE– must be chosen from a
manufactures catalog which offers great variety of sizes. The
sizes must be standard that it conforms to the provisions of
the building code.
- WINDOW AND DOOR REPRESENTATION–in elevation may be
drawn simply.
- MATERIAL REPRESENTATION– may be shown by drawing only
a few lines, like bricks.
- FOOTINGS AND WALLS– are hidden lines used to indicate
location of footings.
- LABELING VIEWS– can be done in two methods by labeling it
with views as in front, rear, left and right side elevations, or by
using compass orientation as in north, south, east, and west
directions.
- DIMENSIONING ON ELEVATIONS– are limited to vertical
dimensions are shown on the plan. Changes are additions
necessary after all the other drawings have been completed.
ELEVATION DIMENSIONING
ELEVATION PROJECTION - Dimensions on elevation show the vertical distance from a
- Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an datum line, which is a reference line that remains constant.
architectural drawing just as the views are projected the front - Dimensions on elevation show the height above the datum or
view of an orthographic drawing. the ground line.
- All six views are rarely used to depict architectural structures, - Dimensioning elevations must conform with basic standards to
instead only four are used. ensure consistency of interpretation.
- These four elevations are normally projected on the floor plan.
RULES IN DIMENSIONING
1. Vertical elevation dimensions should be read from the right of
the drawing.
2. Levels to be dimensioned should labeled with a note, term or
abbreviation.
3. Room heights are shown by dimensioning from the floor line
to the ceiling line.
4. The depth of footings (“footer”) is dimensioned from the
ground line.
5. Heights of windows and doors are dimensioned from the floor
plan to the top of windows or doors.
6. Elevation dimensions show only vertical distances (height).
Horizontal distances (length and width) are shown on the floor
plan.
7. Windows and doors may be indexed to a door or window
schedule, or the style of the windows and doors may be shown
on the elevation
drawing.
8. The roof pitch is shown by indicating the rise over the run.
9. Dimensions for small, complex or obscure areas should be
indexed to a separate detail.
10. Ground-line elevations are expressed as heights above a
datum point.
11. Heights of chimneys above the ridge line are dimensioned.
12. Floor and ceiling lines are shown with hidden lines.
13. Heights of planters and walls are dimensioned from the
ground
line.
14. Thickness of slabs are dimensioned.
15. Overall height dimensions are placed on the outside of sub
dimensions.
16. Thickness of footings are dimensioned.