Unit 1- Lesson 6 and 7

Rectangular Coordinate
System and
Slope of a Line
 VOCABULARY BANK
❑ Quadrants – divide the Cartesian plane into four areas
- named using Roman Numeral (I, II, III, and IV)
- identified from the upper
right and then counterclockwise.

❑ Origin – the intersection of the

x- and y-axis with coordinates (0, 0).
 VOCABULARY BANK
❑ X-axis – the horizontal axis
- from 0 to +∞ going to the right
and 0 to −∞
to the left
❑ Y – axis – the vertical axis
- from 0 to +∞ going upwards and
0 to −∞ downwards.
❑ Ordered pair (x, y) – represents the
points in the rectangular coordinate
system
❑ Abscissa – the first coordinate of an
ordered pair, also called as x-coordinate.
❑ Ordinate – the second coordinate of an
ordered pair, also called as
y-coordinate.
 Lesson Objective

• Illustrate the rectangular coordinate

system and its uses
• Illustrate linear equations in two
variables
• Illustrate and find the slope of a line
given two points, equation, and graph
 Activation of Prior Knowledge Exam

Instruction: Illustrate
the given expression
below by drawing the
ball on the number
line, then write the
sum or difference of
the integers
 Activation of Prior Knowledge Exam

Instruction: Illustrate
the given expression
below by drawing the
ball on the number
line then write the
sum or difference of
the integers
 MATH TALE

Biking is part of Mark’s daily exercise.

Based on his record, his average speed is 200
meters per minute. How long can he travel in 5
minutes? How about in 10 minutes? In 15
minutes? Show a visualization of the distance
he travels over time. Observe the ratio
between the change of distance to the change
in time.
Rectangular
Coordinate
System
 We have a rectangular coordinate
system, also called coordinate
Rectangular plane, or the Cartesian Plane
(named after its French
Coordinate System Mathematician developer, René
Descartes), where points are
located with the help of two
intersecting perpendicular number
lines called axes.
 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE
Write an ordered pair for the given point and describe where it is
located on the Cartesian Plane.

1. Point A
Find the horizontal distance of the point Find the vertical distance of the point
from zero. from zero.
❑ Positive if going to the right ❑ Positive if upward
❑ Negative if going to the left ❑ Negative if downward

3 5
This will be the x − coordinate This will be the y − coordinate

Ordered Pair
(x − coordinate, y − coordinate)

(𝟑, 𝟓)
Point A of ordered pair (3, 5) is in Quadrant I.
 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE
Write an ordered pair for the given point and describe where it is
located on the Cartesian Plane.

2. Point B
Find the horizontal distance of the point Find the vertical distance of the point
from zero. from zero.
❑ Positive if going to the right ❑ Positive if upward
❑ Negative if going to the left ❑ Negative if downward
3 −𝟓
This will be the x − coordinate This will be the y − coordinate

Ordered Pair
(x − coordinate, y − coordinate)

(𝟑, −𝟓)
Point B of ordered pair (3, −5) is in Quadrant IV.
 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE
Write an ordered pair for the given point and describe where it is
located on the Cartesian Plane.

3. Point C
Find the horizontal distance of the point Find the vertical distance of the point
from zero. from zero.
❑ Positive if going to the right ❑ Positive if upward
❑ Negative if going to the left ❑ Negative if downward
−𝟓 −𝟑
This will be the x − coordinate This will be the y − coordinate

Ordered Pair
(x − coordinate, y − coordinate)

(−𝟓, −𝟑)
Point C of ordered pair (−5, −3) is in Quadrant III.
 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE
Write an ordered pair for the given point and describe where it is
located on the Cartesian Plane.

4. Point D
Find the horizontal distance of the point Find the vertical distance of the point
from zero. from zero.
❑ Positive if going to the right ❑ Positive if upward
❑ Negative if going to the left ❑ Negative if downward
−𝟓 𝟑
This will be the x − coordinate This will be the y − coordinate

Ordered Pair
(x − coordinate, y − coordinate)

(−𝟓, 𝟑)
Point D of ordered pair (−5, 3) is in Quadrant II.
 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE
Write an ordered pair for the given point and describe where it is
located on the Cartesian Plane.

5. Point E
Find the horizontal distance of the point Find the vertical distance of the point
from zero. from zero.
❑ Positive if going to the right ❑ Positive if upward
❑ Negative if going to the left ❑ Negative if downward
−𝟒 𝟎
This will be the x − coordinate This will be the y − coordinate

Ordered Pair
(x − coordinate, y − coordinate)

(−𝟒, 𝟎)
Point E of ordered pair (−4, 0) is on the x - axis.
 EXAMPLES
Write an ordered pair for the given point and describe where it is
located in the Cartesian Plane.

6. Point F
Find the horizontal distance of the point Find the vertical distance of the point
from zero. from zero.
❑ Positive if going to the right ❑ Positive if upward
❑ Negative if going to the left ❑ Negative if downward
𝟎 𝟐
This will be the x − coordinate This will be the y − coordinate

Ordered Pair
(x − coordinate, y − coordinate)

(𝟎, 𝟐)
Point F of ordered pair (0, 2) is on the y - axis.
The ordered pair gives an idea where the point is located.

Ordered pair Location

(+, +) Quadrant I
(−, +) Quadrant II
(−, −) Quadrant III
(+, −) Quadrant IV
(x, 0) x-axis
(0, y) y-axis
 Challenge Yourself

Write the ordered pair of each

point and identify in
which quadrant it is located.

1. Point P

Coordinate: (___,___)

Quadrant: ______
 Challenge Yourself

Write the ordered pair of each

point and identify
in which quadrant it is located.

2. Point Q

Coordinate: (___,___)

Quadrant: ______
 Challenge Yourself

Write the ordered pair of each

point and identify
in which quadrant it is located.

3. Point R

Coordinate: (___,___)

Quadrant: ______
 Challenge Yourself

Write the ordered pair of each

point and identify
in which quadrant it is located.

4. Point S

Coordinate: (___,___)

Quadrant: ______
 ANSWER KEY

Write the ordered pair of each point and identify on what

quadrant it is.
1. Point P
(−10, −8), 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 3

2. Point Q
(12, −6), 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 4

3. Point R
(−6, 3), 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 2

4. Point S
(7, −2), 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 4
 EXAMPLES
Locate where the given points should be by plotting the point
given its coordinates on a rectangular coordinate system.
1. 𝐄 (𝟔, 𝟐)
 EXAMPLES
2. F(−𝟐, −𝟒)
 EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE
3. 𝐆(−𝟓, 𝟎)
 EXAMPLES
4. 𝐇(𝟎, 𝟓)
 Challenge Yourself
Plot the given points on a rectangular coordinate system.
1. K(−4,1)

a) What is the abscissa?________

• How many units horizontally from zero?________
• What direction, right or left?________

b) What is the ordinate?________

• How many units vertically from zero?________
• What direction, upward or downward?________

c) Plot the point.

 ANSWER KEY
Plot the given points on a rectangular coordinate system.
1. K(−4,1)
a) What is the abscissa? -4
• How many units horizontally from zero? 4 units
• What direction, right or left? Left
b) What is the ordinate? 1
• How many units vertically from zero? 1 unit
• What direction, upward or
downward? Upward
c) Plot the point
Slope of a
Line
 VOCABULARY BANK
Slope
The ratio of the change in the y-coordinate (rise) to the
ratio in the x-coordinates (run)
It is determined by two points as you moved from one
point to another.
Given two points, we can find the 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 (𝑚) by plotting
points and observe the ratio of the changes in its y-
coordinate to the change in x-coordinate.
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑚=
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
 EXAMPLES
Find the slope of the line formed by the two points.
1. (−2, −4) and (2, −1)

Thus, the slope is

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 3
m = =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 – 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 4

Observe that the slope will still be the

same even if we start from the point
(2, −1) to (−2, −4).
 EXAMPLES
Find the slope of the line formed by the two points.

2. (−4, −2) and (0, −5)

From (−4, −2) to (0, −5), it goes 3
units downward and 4 units to the
right.

Thus, the slope is

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 −3
m = =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 – 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 4
 EXAMPLES
Find the slope of the line formed by the two points.

3. (−3,2) and (4,2)

From (−3,2) to (4, 2), there is no

change in 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 then
goes 7 units to the right.

Thus, the slope is

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦−𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 0
m = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 – 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 7 = 0
 EXAMPLES
Find the slope of the line formed by the two points.
4. (−3, −1) and (−3,4)
Plotting the two points, from
(−3, −1) to (−3, 4), it goes 5 units
upward and no movement to the
left or right.

Thus, the slope is

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦−𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 5
m = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 – 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 0

Since division by zero is undefined,

therefore the slope is undefined.
Given two points with coordinates (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ), defined as the slope
(𝒚 −𝒚 )
𝑚 , of the line containing the point is 𝒎 = (𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏).
𝟐 𝟏

There are four kinds of slope that can be obtained depending on the
equation. By knowing the slope, the line can be described as follows:
 Challenge Yourself
Describe the slope of the line formed by the two points.
1. (𝟑, 𝟓) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 (−𝟑, −𝟓)
a) How many units is the change in the y-coordinates?
b) How many units is the change in the x-coordinates?
c) What is the slope?
2. (– 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 (𝟐, −𝟔)
a) How many units is the change in the y-coordinates?
b) How many units is the change in the x-coordinates?
c) What is the slope?
 ANSWER KEY

Describe the slope of the line formed by the two points.

1. (𝟑, 𝟓) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 (−𝟑, −𝟓)
a) How many units is the change in the y-coordinates? 5 units
b) How many units is the change in the x-coordinates? 3 units
𝟓
c) What is the slope?
𝟑

2. (– 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 (𝟐, −𝟔)

a) How many units is the change in the y-coordinates? 7 units
b) How many units is the change in the x-coordinates? 12 units
𝟕
c) What is the slope? −
𝟏𝟐
 An equation with a degree of 1
that forms a straight line when its
solutions are plotted on a
rectangular coordinate system.
Linear Equation in The solutions to the linear
Two Variables equation are the points on the
line. The end of the line
are arrowheads, indicating that
there are more solutions as the
lines extend.
 EXAMPLES
Find two ordered pairs or solutions to the given linear equation to get the slope.
Graph the points to verify the answer then describe the line based on its slope.

1. 2x + 5y = 10 When we use y = 0,
2x + 5(0) = 10
If we use x = 0, 2x = 10
2(0) + 5y = 10 x = 5
5y = 10
y = 2 The other ordered pair that we
One ordered pair that we may may use is (5,0).
use is (0,2).
 EXAMPLES

Now, we have (0,2) and (5,0), the

slope is
(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )
𝒎=
(𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏 )
0 −2 2
𝑚= = −
5 −0 5

Since the slope is negative, the line

rises to the left and falls to the right.

2
𝑚=−
5
 EXAMPLES
Find two ordered pairs or solutions to the given linear equation to get the slope.
Graph the points to verify the answer then describe the line based on its slope.

2. y = 4x − 8 When we use y = 0,
0 = 4x − 8
If we use x = 0, 4𝑥 = 8
y = 4(0) − 8 𝑥 = 2
y = −8
The other ordered pair that we
One ordered pair that we may may use is (2,0).
use is (0, −8).
 Now, we have (0, −8) and (2,0),
the slope is

0−(−8) 8
𝑚= = =4
2−0 2

Since the slope is positive, the line

rises to the right and falls to the
left.

8
𝑚= = 4
2
 EXAMPLES
3. y = −2
Note that from this equation, any value
of 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 we use, its 𝑦 −
𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 is −2.

Now, we have (0, −2) and (3, −2), the

slope is
−2 − (−2) 0
𝑚= = =0
3−0 3

Since the slope is 0, the line formed is

horizonal, parallel to the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠. There 0
is no change in the 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒. 𝑚= = 0
3
 EXAMPLES
4. x = 5
Note that from this equation, any value of 𝑦 −
𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 we use, its 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 is 5.

Now, we have (5,0) and (5,3), the slope is

3−0 3
𝑚 = 5−5 = 0
→ 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑

Since the slope is undefined, the line formed

is vertical, parallel to the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠. There is no
change in the 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒.
3
𝑚 = → 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
0
❑ Intercept of the line - when one of the coordinates of an ordered pair is
zero (0), the line intersects the axis.
• 𝐱 − 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 >> When the y − coordinate of an ordered pair is zero, it
will be on the x − axis, where the line intersects the x − axis.
• 𝐲 − 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 >> The line intersects the y − axis when the x −
coordinate of the point is zero 0 .
Based on the examples, the intercepts are the following:
 Challenge Yourself
Use any two solutions to the given equation to find the
slope.
1. 𝐲 = −𝟑𝐱 + 𝟗
a) What are the two solutions to the equation that you
may use?
b) What is the change in y − coordinate?
c) What is the change in x − coordinate?
d) What is the slope?
2. 𝟐𝐱 – 𝟒𝐲 = 𝟖
a) What are the two solutions to the equation that you
may use?
b) What is the change in y − coordinate?
 ANSWER KEY

Use any two solutions to the given equation to find the slope.
1. 𝐲 = −𝟑𝐱 + 𝟗
a) What are the two solutions to the equation that you
may use?
3, 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0, 9)
b) What is the change in y − coordinate? -3 units
c) What is the change in x − coordinate? 1 unit
d) What is the slope? -3
2. 𝟐𝐱 – 𝟒𝐲 = 𝟖
a) What are the two solutions to the equation that you
may use?
4, 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0, −2)
b) What is the change in y − coordinate? 1 unit
 EXAMPLES
Identify the slope of each line.
1.

There are 3 units downward

and 3 units to the right,
therefore, the slope is,

3
𝑚= − = −1
3
 EXAMPLES
Identify the slope of each line.
2.

There are 7 units upward

and 3 units to the right,
therefore, the slope is,

7
𝑚=
3
 EXAMPLES
Identify the slope of each line.
3.

There is no vertical change,

while there is 6 units to the
right, therefore, the slope is,

0
𝑚= =0
6
 MATH TALE

Biking is part of Mark’s daily exercise.

Based on his record, his average speed is 200
meters per minute. How long can he travel in 5
minutes? How about in 10 minutes? In 15
minutes? Show a visualization of the distance
he travels over time. Observe the ratio
between the change of distance to the change
in time.
SOLUTION:
𝑑 = 𝑟𝑡
GIVEN: 𝑟 = 200 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
Equation: 𝑑 = 200𝑡

TABLE: Distance covered by Mark over a given time

Plot the resulting ordered pairs in a coordinate system.

GRAPH: Distance he travels over time
The ratio between the change of
distance to the change in time

- For every 1000 increase on

distance 5 minutes increase in
time, that is
1000
=2
5
- This ratio describes the steepness
of the line formed by the equation
 KEY POINTS
✓ A rectangular coordinate system, also called Coordinate
Plane, or the Cartesian Plane [named after its French
mathematician developer, René Descartes), is a
rectangular plane where points are located with the help
of two intersecting perpendicular number lines called
axes.
✓ These perpendicular lines form the rectangular
coordinate system dividing the plane into four areas
which are called quadrants. These quadrants are named
using Roman numerals and identified from the upper
right and then counterclockwise.
 KEY POINTS
✓ The horizontal axis is the x-axis, while the vertical
axis is called the y-axis. The x-axis is from zero to + ∞
on going to the right and zero to − ∞ on going to the
left, while the y-axis is zero to + ∞ going upwards
and zero to − ∞ downwards.
✓ The points in the rectangular coordinate system are
represented by an ordered pair.
✓ We write the ordered pairs as (𝐱, 𝐲), wherein the first
number is the x-coordinate or abscissa and the
second number is the y coordinate or ordinate.
 KEY POINTS
✓ The intersection of the x-axis and y-axis is called the
origin with coordinates (0,0).
✓ The ordered pair gives an idea of where the point is
located.
 KEY POINTS
✓ A linear equation in two variables is an equation with
a degree of 1 that forms a straight line when its
solutions are plotted on a rectangular coordinate
system. The solutions to the linear equation are the
𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒. The end of the line is arrowheads
indicating that there are more solutions as the lines
extend.
✓ The ratio of the change in the coordinates (rise) to the
change in the x-coordinates (run) is called the slope of
the line. It is determined by two points as you move
from one point to another.
 KEY POINTS
✓ Given two pints 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ),
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )
𝑚= =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )
✓ There are four kinds of slope can be obtained depending on the
equation. By knowing the slope, the line can be described as follows.
 KEY POINTS

✓ There are almost 2 intercepts for a linear equation.

When the y-coordinate of an ordered pair is zero, it will
be on the x-axis thus it is called 𝒙 − 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕, where
the line intersects the x-axis. The line intersects the y-
axis when the x-coordinate of the point is zero 0, and
that is called the 𝒚 − 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕.

✓ Whichever points on the line is used. The resulting

slope for the given line will still be the same.
 An ideal stair slope is 30° − 35° from the ground. Though,
a stair slope that is 20° − 30° or 35°° − 50° from the ground
is still acceptable.
 Unit 1- Lesson 6 and 7
Rectangular Coordinate
System and
Slope of a Line
Thank You So
Much!