Colegio de Sto. Tomas-Recoletos, Inc.

DepEd-FAPE/PEAC Certified School

DOJ-Bureau of Immigration Accredited School
Azcona St., San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
Tel. Nos. 312-5242 & 312-5220 Telefax No. 729-9169

Week 5 Quarter 1
Rectangular Coordinated System

INTRODUCTION AND FOCUS QUESTIONS:

Have you ever wondered how
businessmen nowadays make decisions?
What guides businessmen in making these
decisions? What are the tools that they use?
How do they know when to increase or
decrease production?

Have you ever wondered how fast

things such as cars and trains can go? Have
you ever thought about how their speeds
are calculated? When a police officer gives
someone a speeding ticket, how do they
know for sure if the person was speeding?

In this module, you will discover how important it is to utilize essential

mathematical skills to be able to understand these questions that arise in various real-life
situations that we encounter everyday and use these skills wisely to be able to come up
with the desired output.

As you go through this module, think of this question: How can problems regarding trends and
options be properly solved?

LESSONS AND COVERAGE:

In this lesson, you will examine this question when you take the following topics:
Topic 1 – Recatangular Coordinate System
Topic 2 – Slope of a Line
Topic 3 – Linear Equations in Two Variables

VALUE FOCUS (Institutional Core Values):

1. Accountability
2. Obedience

COMPETENCIES (MELCs):
At the end of the lessons, the learner is able to
 illustrates the rectangular coordinate system and its uses
 illustrates linear equations in two variables
 Illustrates and finds the slope of a line given two points, equations and graph.
 solves problems involving linear equations in two variables
System
Rectangular Coor

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 nate
MODULE MAP
Here is a simple map of the above lesson you will cover

Linear Equations in Two Variables

Equations of a Line

Abscissa Slope: Forms:

Ordinate Positive General
Quadrants Negative Standard
Axes Undefined Slope-
Coordinates Zero Intercept
Origin Point-Slope
Two Point
Applications

Intercept

PRE-ASSESSMENT:
Find out how much you already know about this module. Write the letter that you think is the
best answer to each question on a sheet of paper. Answer all items. After taking and checking this short
test, take note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and look for the right answer as
you go through in this module.
1. Each point on a Cartesian plane is assigned a pair of coordinates called .
a. domain
b. ordinate
c. origin
d. ordered pair
2. Which is the coordinate of the plotted point below?

A. (4, 3)
B. (3, 4)
C. (4, 4)
D. (3, 3)
3. What is the intersection of the x-axis and y-axis in the coordinate plane?
a. origin
b. ordinate
c. abscissa
d. coordinate axes
4. In which graph does line m have a positive slope?

A. C.

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 B. D.

5. The graph of the line x + 3y = 6 intersects the y-axis at the point whose coordinates are .
A. (0, 6)
B. (0, 2)
C. (6, 0)
D. (18, 0)

LESSON PROPER:
A. EXPLORE
THE CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM
ACTIVITY 1: LOCATE THE SEAT
Arriane’s ticket shows that her seat number on the
airplane is 5C. Can you help her locate her seat?

The location of a seat on a plane is usually indicated by two “coordinates” such as 5C. The number
indicates the row and the letrter indicates the position on the row. Thus, Arriane’s set is 3rd seat
from the left on row 5.
The same applies idea applies to naming points. One coordinate indicates right or left, and the other
indicates up or down.

A Rectangular Coordinate System or also known as a Cartesian plane is named after the
French mathematician René Descartes (1596 – 1650), who is known as the “Father of Modern
Mathematics”. It is composed of two perpendicular number lines, typically called the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 and the 𝑦
− 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, respectively, that meet at a point of origin (0, 0) and divide the plane into four regions called
quadrants which are numbered in sequence as Quadrant I, Quadrant II, Quadrant III, and Quadrant IV
moving in a counter-clockwise direction starting from the upper right.
y -axis

A (𝒙, 𝒚)

origin
x -axis

Figure 1

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 The horizontal number line is called the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.
The vertical number line is called the 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.
The point of intersection of the horizontal and vertical number lines is called the origin.
Each point in the plane can be located using an ordered pair of numbers (𝑥, 𝑦), where 𝑥 is the
horizontal distance and 𝑦 is the vertical distance of the point from the origin. The numbers
in the ordered pair are called coordinates. The 𝑥 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 of the coordinates (𝑥, 𝑦) of a point
is also known as the abscissa, while the 𝑦 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 is known as the ordinate.
A rectangular coordinares system has four quadrants as indicated below.
If the x- coordinate is If both the x- and y-
negative, and the y- coordinates are positive,
Quadrant II Quadrant I
coordinate is positive, then the point is in
then the point is in ( −, +) ( +, +) Quadrant I.
Quadrant II.

If the x- coordinate is
If both the x- and y- positive and the y-
coordinates are coordinate is negative,
negative, then the Quadrant III Quadrant IV then the point is in
point is in Quadrant ( −, −) ( +, −) Quadrant IV.
III.

Figure 2
This means that you can easily tell which quadrant an
ordered pair is located by just simply looking at the signs of the coordinates.

There are also points which lie in 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑒𝑠. The points which lie in the
𝑥 −𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 have coordinates (𝑥, 0) and the points which lie in the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 have coordinates (0,
𝑦), where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are real numbers. Let us explore the
following examples below.

Example 1:
The points A(0,1), B(2,1), C(0,3), D(-4,2), E(-2,-3), and
F(4,-4) can be plotted in the Cartesian plane as shown in the
illustration in Figure 2 where:
 point A is along the x-axis;
 point B is in Quadrant I;
 point C is along the y-axis;
 point D is in Quadrant II;
 point E is in Quadrant III; and
 point F is in Quadrant IV.

Figure 3

Remember: In naming the coordinates of a point, the first coordinate is the 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 and second
is 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒. They can’t be interchanged.

ACTIVITY 2: LET IS PUT IT TO THE TEST

Evaluate each statement. Write T if true and F if false. (5 points)
1. A rectangular coordinate system is made up of two intersecting lines perpendicular to each
other.
2. In P(-3, -5), -5 is called the abscissa.
3. When the abscissa is 0, and the ordinate is not, the point lies on the x- axis.
4. The x-axis is the vertical number line where the elements of x are found.
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 5. In quadrant I, both the abscissa and ordinate are negative

B.

FIRM-UP
SLOPE OF A LINE
Consider these real-life examples.

Words like steep, slope, pitch, and tilt are used to describe objects that are not perfectly flat or
perfectly upright. The slope of an object may be steep or gradual. Can you think of other words to
add to this list?

The slope of an object may be steep or gradual.

The slope of a ramp is the ratio of the vertical change to the horizontal change. In math, a slope
is a number indicating the steepness.
vertical change Rise
Slope=
horizontal change Run

The slope of a straight line is defined as t he ratio of the vertical rise of the line to its corresponding run.
rise change∈ y
Slope= =
run change∈ x
( x2 , y2 )

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒

The slope of any nonvertical straight line

( x1 , y1)
containing the points with coordinates ( x 1 , y 1 )
and ( x 2 , y 2 ) is defined by the formula:
𝑟𝑢
y 2− y 1 𝑛
m= where x 2 ≠ x 1
x 2−x 1

The coordinates of the first point are given a subscript of 1, thus

( x1 , y1 ) .
The coordinates of the second point are given a subscript of 2,
thus ( x 2 , y 2 ) .

FINDING THE SLOPE OF A LINE, GIVEN TWO POINTS ON THE LINE ( 4 , 5)

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 Example 1:Find the slope of the line that passes through ( 4,5 ) and (2 , 1).
Solution: Let ( 4 , 5) be ( x 1 , y 1 ) and (2 , 1) be ( x 2 , y 2 ) rise=4
y 2− y 1 1−5 −4 (2 , 1)
m= = = =2
x 2−x 1 2−4 −2
What happens if we let (2 , 1) be ( x 1 , y 1 ) and ( 4 , 5) be ( x 2 , y 2 )? run=2
y − y 5−1 4
m= 2 1 = = =2
x 2−x 1 4−2 2

Clearly, it does not matter which point is called ( x 1 , y 1 ) and which is called ( x 2 , y 2 ).
Note that a line whose slope is 2 moves 2 units upward with every unit moved to the right.

x 5 3 1 -1
y -4 -1 3 5

x 5 3 1 -1
y -4 -1 3 5
FINDING THE SLOPE OF A LINE FROM A TABLE
Exxample 2: The table shows coordinates of points that
lie on a line. Determine the slope of the line. Graph the
line and identify the given points.

Solution:
(−1 , 5)

(1 , 3)
change∈ y
slope=
change∈x
3 −3 (3 ,−1)
¿ ∨
2 2
(5 ,−4)

GRAPHINGA LINE USING THE SLOPE AND A POINT

ON THE LINE
3
Example 3 Graph the line which passes through (−1 ,−2) whose slope is .
4
rise 3
Solution: Since slope ¿ = , move 3 units up and 4 units to the right of run = 4 the
run 4
point line through (−1 ,−2 ) . This point is ( 3 , 1 ) . Draw a line through (−1 ,−2)
and (3, 1). (3 , 1)
rise = 3

(−1 ,−2)

THE SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM OF AN EQUATION OF A LINE

Recall that if the line crosses the y−axis at the point ( 0 , b ) , then b is the y−intercept of the line.
Solving for the slope,
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 y 2− y 1
=m
x 2−x 1
Replace ( x ¿ ¿ 1 , y 1 )¿ by (0 , b) and ( x ¿ ¿ 2 , y 2 )¿ by ( x , y )
y−b
=m
x−0
y−b
=m
x Multiply both sided by x .
y−b=mx Add b to both sides.
y=mx+b
This is thte slope-intercept form of the equation.

SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM OF A LINE

equation of a line through point (0 , b) with slope m is given by: y=mx+b
TheDEEPEN
C.
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Fruits, vegetables, fish, poultry, and meat are weighed electronically in supermarkets. Suppose a kilogram
1 1
of bananas costs Php 60. How much will you pay for kg ?1 kg ? 1 kg ? 2 kgs ?
2 2
Is it possible to get a bunch of bananas that weighs 1.25 kgs?
How much will it cost?
In finding the cost, we simply multiplied the weight of the bananas by Php60.
Let x=¿ weight of the banana in kilograms
y=¿ cost of the bananas
The relationship between the weight of the bananas and its corresponding cost can be written as
y=60 x
This equation is an example of a linear equation in two variables.

A linear equation in two variables is an equation that can be written in the form:
ax +by=c
Where a , b , and c are real numbers, but a and b cannot both be zero.

The equation y=60 x can be written in the form ax +by=c .

y=60 x is equivalent to −60 x+ y=0
The solution of linear equation in two variables is an ordered pair that makes a true mathematical
statement of the equation.

Sometines we are given an equation and one of the two coordinates in an ordered pair, and we are asked
to find the other coordinate that makes the equation true.
Example: Complete the following ordered pairs so that theu satisfy the equation 4 x+ y=−1.
a. (_____,0) b. (2,_____)
Solutions: a. In order to complere (___,0), substitute the value y=0 into the equation and solve for x .
4 x+ y=−1
4 x+ 0=−1
4 x=−1
−1
x=
4
b. Substitute the value of x=2 and solve for y.
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 4 x+ y=−1
4 ( 2 )+ y=−1
8+ y =−1
y=−9
D. TRANSFER

PERFORMANCE CHECK/TASK:
You are the guest lecturer in mathematics forum organized by the division of city schools of the
Department of Education (DepEd) in your area. The district supervisor tasked you to discuss a real
life situation that shows a linear relationship between two variables with photo included of the
situation. You decide to identify at least 3 ordered pairs based on the relationship, write an equation
that reflects the given situation aand graph the equation and label the coordinate axes clearly.
Your presentation will be assessed by your supervisor based on the completeness, accuracy and
content presented.

RUBRIC
Criteria Outstanding Good Needs More Effort
(3 points) (2points) (1 point)
Completeness Report is complete. It Report lacks 1 of the Report lacks 2 or more
includes a description items required of the items required.
of the situation with
photo, 3 ordered pairs,
an equation, and a
graph.
Accuracy Situation shows a Includes minimal Has several conceptual
linear relationship. inaccuracies and computational
Ordered pairs, errors
equation, and graph are
accurate
Content Displays a good Displays adequate Displays limited
understanding of understanding of the understanding of the
concepts concepts concepts

DEFINITION OF IMPORTANT TERMS:

ABSCISSA – the coordinate representing the position of a point along a line perpendicular to the y-axis
in a plane Cartesian coordinate system
INTERCEPT – the coordinate of a point at which a line, curve, or surface intersects a coordinate axis
ORDERED PAIR – a pair of numbers used to locate a point on a coordinate plane
ORDINATE – the pair of numbers used to locate a point on a coordinate plane
ORIGIN – the point whose coordinate are (0,0) on the coordinate plane
RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM – a coordinate system in which the coordinate of a point
are its distances from a set of perpendicular lines that intersect at an origin, such as two lines in a plane
or three in space.
QUADRANTS – any of the four areas into which a plane is divided by the reference axes in Cartesian
coordinate system, designated first, second, third, and fourth, counting counterclockwise from the area
in which both coordinates are positive

SUMMARY:

A rectangular or Cartesian Coordinate System is the system used in graphing number pairs in
mathematics.
An ordered pairs is a part of numbers ( x , y ) whose order is important and cannot be
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The x−coordinate
Charity of the pointUniversal
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Recollection Accountability Grace Environmental
Mathematics 8
The y−coordinate of the point is the ordinate. Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
A linear equation in two variables is an equation that can be written in the formr ax +by=a , b ,
andc are real numbers, but a , and b cannot be both zero.
 L

POST-ASSESSMENT:
1. What is the intersection of the x-axis and y-axis in the coordinate plane?
A. origin
B. ordinate
C. abscissa
D. coordinate axes

2. Which is the slope of line L as shown in the diagram below?

−3
A.
4
4
B.
3
3
C.
4
−4
D.
3

3. Which of the following plots the point (-2.5, 3)?

A.

B.

C.

D.

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 4. Which is the equation, in slope-intercept form, of the line graphed below?
A. y = -2.5x + 2
B. y = -2x + 5
C. y = -5x + 2
D. y = -2.5x + 5

5. Write the equation of the line containing (4,0) and (0,-5). A. y = -4/5 x
B. 5x - 4y = 20
C. 4x + 5y = 20
D. none of these

REFERENCES:
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., Bryant, Merden L., Cabrella, Jem Boy B., Caldez, Belen P., Callanta,
Melvin M., Castro, Anastacia Proserfina I., Halabaso, Alicia R., Javier, Sonia P.,
Nocom, Roger T., and Ternida, Concepcion S. 2013. Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module.
Firs Edition. Philippines: Department of Education.
Bernabe, Julieta G., Dilao, Soledad J. 2009. Intermediate Algebra: Textbook for Second Year.
Revised Edition. Philippines: SD Publications, Inc.

Ho, Ju Se T., et al. 21st Century Mathematics: First Year (1996). Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.,
Oronce, O & Mendoza, M. (2003). Exploring Mathematics. Rex Book Store. Manila, Philippines.
Oronce, O & Mendoza, M. (2007). E – Math: Worktext in Mathematics First Year High School. Rex
Book Store. Manila, Philippines. Gamboa, Job D. (2010). Elementary Algebra. United Eferza
Academic Publications. Bagong Lipa, Batangas City.

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 Colegio de Sto. Tomas-Recoletos, Inc.
DepEd-FAPE/PEAC Certified School
DOJ-Bureau of Immigration Accredited School
Azcona St., San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
Tel. Nos. 312-5242 & 312-5220 Telefax No. 729-9169
MATHEMATICS 8
1ST QUARTER
LEARNING MODULE 5

ANSWER SHEET
(Add additional sheets of bond papers if needed)

NAME: ____________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

PRE-ASSESSMENT
1. 3. 5.
2. 4.

ACTIVITY 1:

ACTIVITY 2:

POST-ASSESSMENT

1.
2.
3.
4.
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 5.

CST-R Honor Pledge

A Thomasian is mature, responsible, socially committed and imbued with Augustinian

Recollect values, Christian ideals and Filipino nationalism.
I, ______________________ of Grade ___________ willfully recognized the importance of
personal dignity in all aspects of life, in my studies and in my work. I commit myself to truthfulness,
honor and responsibility in addition to the school’s core values of COURAGE (Charity, Obedience,
Universal, Recollection, Accountability, Grace and Environmental), by which I earn the respect of
others.
On my honor and dignity as a member of the CST-R community, I pledged that I have
accomplished this LEARNING MODULE with truthfulness and honesty.

Signature of Student: ___________________ Date : ___________

Name of Parent/Guardian: _________________________ Signature: ____________

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