CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

LEGENDS

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CHAPTER 7
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
▪ The Cartesian Co-ordinates System
Two perpendicular lines X'OX and Y'OY in a plane constitute the cartesian co-ordinate system.
X'OX is called the axis of X (or X-axis) Y'OY is called the axis of Y (or Y-axis)
The intersection point O is called the origin.
 Y

Y-axis
X' X
O X-axis

Y'

▪ Co-ordinates of a Point
Let P be any point in the plane of the rectangular axis. From P draw PM ⊥ X'OX.
Then
OM is called .x-co-ordinate (or abscissa) of P.
MP is called y-co-ordinate (or ordinate) of P.
Cartesian co-ordinates of P are (x, y).
Y
P(x, y)

y
(
X' ) X
O x M
(
)

Y'

REMARKS
The co-ordinates of origin O are (0, 0).
The co-ordinates of any point on X-axis is (x, 0),
The coordinates of any point on Y-axis is (0, y).

▪ Signs of the Co-ordinates

▪ If the point P is on the right of the origin, then x-co-ordinate of P is positive.

▪ If the point P is on the left of the origin, then its x-co-ordinate is negative.
▪ If the point P is above X-axis, then its y-co-ordinate is positive.
▪ If the point P is below X-axis, then its y-co-ordinate is negative.
 Y

P (-, +) P (+, +)
II I

X' X
O

III IV

P (-, -) P (+, -)

Y'

▪ Quadrants:
▪ In fig. XOY is called first quadrant.
▪ YOX' is called second quadrant.
▪ X'OY' is called third quadrant.
▪ Y'OX is called fourth quadrant.

▪ Distance formula:
If A (x1 , y1 ) and B (x2 , y2 ) be two points, then

AB = (x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2

i. e., The distance between two points = (difference of abscissae )2 + (difference of ordinates )2
Y

A (x1, y1)

B (x2, y2)
X' X
O

Y'

REMARKS
To prove that a quadrilateral is a
i. parallelogram, show that both the pairs of opposite sides are equal (or) diagonals bisect each other.
ii. rhombus, show that all sides are equal.
iii. rectangle, show that both the pairs of opposite sides are equal and diagonals are also equal.
iv. square, show that all sides are equal and diagonals are also equal.

▪ Section formula:
 The point which divides the join of two distinct points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) in the ratio m1: m2 has the
co-ordinates.

 m1 x 2 + m2 x1 m1 y 2 + m2 y1 
 , 
 m1 + m2 m1 + m2 

m1  0, m2  0, m1 + m2  0
In particular, the mid-point of the segment joining A(x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) has the co-ordinates

 x1 + x 2 y1 + y 2 
 , 
 2 2 

▪ Centroid of a Triangle :
If A (x1, y1), B(x2. y2) and C(x3, y3) be the vertices of a triangle then its centroid is given by:

 x1 + x 2 + x3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 
 , 
 3 3 

A. MCQ ( 1 Mark ) Level

1 Three points A, B and C are said to be collinear if C

a) They lie on the same straight line

b) They don’t lie on the same straight line
c) They lie on three different straight lines
d) None of the above
2 The distance of the point P(2, 3) from the x-axis is C
a) 2 b) 3 c) 1 d) 5

3 A is a point on the y-axis at a distance of 4 units from the x-axis lying U

below the x-axis

a) (4 , 0) b) (0 , 4) c) (-4 , 0) d) (0 , -4)

4 The distance between the points P(a Cos60 o , 0) and Q(0 , a Sin60o) is U

a) a b) 2a c) a2 d) 1
5 The distance between the points P(0 , y) and Q(x , 0) is

a) x2 + y2 b) x 2 − y 2 c) x2 + y2 d) xy

6 The distance of the point (α, β) from the origin is C

a) α + β b) α² + β² c) |α| + |β| d) √ 𝛼2+𝛽 2
7 Find the ratio in which the line joining the points (6, 4) and (1, –7) U
is divided by x-axis.
a) 1 : 3 b) 2 : 7 c) 4 : 7 d) 6 : 7

8 Two vertices of  PQR are P(-1 , 4) and Q(5 , 2) and its centroid is (0 ,-3). HOT
The coordinates of R are:

a) (-4 , -15) b) (4 , 3) c) (4 , 15) d) (-15 , -4)

9 The point M(1, 2) divides the join of P(-2 , 1) and Q(7 , 4) in the ratio C

a) 2 : 1 b) 3 : 2 c) 1 : 2 d) 2 : 3

10 All the points on the y-axis is of the form C

a) (0 , y) b) (y , 0) c) (0 , 0) d) (x , 0)

11 The coordinates of the point which divides the join of (-1 , 7) and (4 , -3) U
in the ratio 2 : 3 is

a) (3 , 1) b) (1 , 3) c) (3 , 0) d) (0 , 3)

12 The midpoint of the line joining (-3 , -6) and (1 , -2) is MD

a) (-2, -8) b) (0 , -4) c) (-1 , -4) d) (1 , 4)

13 If the area of a triangle is 0, then the vertices of the triangle are, U

a) Non-collinear b) Zero c) (0 , 0) d) Collinear

14 Find the distance of the point (–6, 8) from the origin. U

a) 8 b) 11 c) 10 d) 9

A. Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) ( 1 Mark ) Level

15 In what ratio is the line segment joining the points (-2, -3) and (3, 7) divided C
by y-axis?
16 If the distance of P (x, y) from A (5, 1) and B(-1 , 5) are equal, then C

17 The distance of the point P (2, 3) from x-axis is U

18 The positive value of y for which the distance between the points P(2 , -3) and U
Q(10 , y) is 10cm, is

19 A point on the x-axis which is equidistant from A(5 , 4) and B(-2 , 3) is U

B. Short Answer Questions (SA) ( 2 marks )

20 Find the ratio in which y-axis divides the join of (5 , -6) and (-1 , -4). C

21 Find the coordinates of a point on x-axis which is equidistant from (2, -5) and U
(-2 , 9).

22 Find the points on y-axis, each of which is at a distance of 13 units from the HOT
point (-5, 7).

23 Find the fourth vertex of parallelogram ABCD whose three vertices are U

A(- 2, 3), B(6, 7) and C(8, 3).

C. Long Answer Questions (LA) ( 3 Marks )

24 Find the ratio in which P(4, m) divides the line segment joining the points A(2, C
3) and B(6, -3). Hence find m.

25. The midpoint of the line segment joining A(2a , 4) and B(-2 , 3b) is HOT

M(1 , 2a + 1). Then find a & b.

26. 2 MD
Find the coordinates of the point which is rd of the way from P(0 , 1) to
3
Q(1 ,0).

27. If A(-2, 1), B(a, 0), C(4, b) and D(1, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram U
ABCD, find the values of a and b. Hence, find the lengths of its sides.

28. If the point C(-1, 2) divides internally the line segment joining A(2, 5) and U

B(x, y) in the ratio 3 : 4, find the coordinates of B.

D. V Long Answer Questions (VLA) ( 4 Marks)

29 Find the coordinates of points which trisect the line joining (1 , -2) & (-3 , 4). U

30. Show that the points A(a , a), B(-a , -a) & C(- 3a , 3a ) are the vertices of an U
equilateral 

31. If the point P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A (a + b, b – a) and U

B(a -b,a+ b). Prove that bx = ay.

32. Determine the ratio in which the line 2x + y = 4 divides the line segment HOTS
joining the points A(2 ,- 2) & B(3 , 7).

33. If the point C(-l, 2) divides internally the line-segment joining the points HOTS
A(2, 5) and B(x,y) in the ratio 3 : 4, find the value of x2 + y2.

34. Points A(-l, y) and B(5,7) lie on a circle with centre O(2, -3y). Find the HOTS
values of y. Hence, find the radius of the circle.
ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:

(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A).

(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).

(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.

(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

Q.1. Assertion (A): The point (–1, 6) divides the line segment joining the points (–3, 10) and (6, –8) in
the ratio 2 : 7 internally.
Reason (R): Given three points, i.e. A, B, C form an equilateral triangle, then AB = BC = AC.

Q2) Assertion (A): The point (0, 4) lies on y-axis.

Reason (R): The x-coordinate on the point on y-axis is zero.

Q.3. Assertion (A): The value of y is 6, for which the distance between the points P(2, –3) and Q(10, y)
is 10.
Reason (R): Distance between two given points A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) is given by

ANSWERS

SECTION A (1 MARK)

1)a 2) b 3) d 4) a 5) c 6)d 7) c 8) a 9) c
10) a 11) b 12) c 13) d 14) c 15) 16) 17) 3 18) 19) (2,0)
2:3 3
3x=2y
SECTION-B (2-MARKS)
20)5:1 21) 22) 23)
(0,19)
(-7,0) (0,-1)
& (0,-5)
 SECTION-C (3-MARKS)
24) 1:1 25) 26) 27)a =1; 28)
a=2/3, b=1
m=0 a=2 (-5,-2)
b= 1/3 Each
b=2
side=√10
units
SECTION-D (4-MARKS)
29) 30) 31) 32) 29 33)
2:9
(-1/3,0) 2√3 a2 y=-1 or 7
sq. unit
& (-5/3,2) radius
=√793
ASSERTION AND REASONING
1 )b 2- a 3)d
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