PPE PROBLEM SET in HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.

MULTIPLE CHOICES:

1. In a hydroelectric power plant the tailwater level fixes at 450m. The net head is 25m and head loss is
5% of the gross head. What is the head water elevation?
a. 508.97m b. 476.32m c. 508.42m d. 903.91m
2. For a proposed hydroelectric plant, the tailwater and the headwater elevation is 160m and 195m
respectively. If the available flow is 10m3/s and head loss of 4% of available head. What is the water
power?
a. 3261.825kw b. 3678.2kw c. 3296.16kw d. 2425.78kw
3. In a hydroelectric plant, the brake power is 1850kw running at 450rpm and net head of 30m.
Determine the specific speed of the turbine.
a. 90.17rpm b. 65.65rpm c. 72.41rpm d. 76.87rpm
4. In a Francis turbine, the pressure gage leading to the turbine casing reads 400kpa and center of
spiral casing is 3m above the tail race. If the velocity of water entering the turbine is 8m/s, what is
the net head of the turbine?
a. 45m b. 65m c. 54m d. 47m
5. From a height of 65m, water flows at the rate of 0.85m 3/s and driving a water turbine connected to
an electric generator revolving at 170rpm. Calculate the power developed by the turbine in kw if the
total resisting torque due to friction is 540 N-m and the velocity of the water leaving the turbine
blades is 4.75m/s.
a. 623.34 b. 656.89 c. 522.8 d. 541.98
6. A pelton type turbine was installed 31m below the head gate of the penstock. The head loss due to
friction is 15% of the given elevation. The length of the penstock is 80m and the coefficient of
friction is 0.00093. Determine the power output in MW.
a. 0. 820 b. 12.345 c. 2.348 d. 13.128
7. At a proposed hydroelectric power plant site, the average elevation of headwater is 600m and the
tailwater elevation is 480m. The average annual water flow is determined to be equal to that
volume flowing through a rectangular channel 4m wide and 0.5m deep and average velocity of
5.5m/s. Assuming the plant will operate 350 days/year, find the energy kwh that the plant site can
developed if the hydraulic turbine that will be used has an efficiency of 78% and generator efficiency
of 90%. Consider a headwork loss of 4% of the available head.
a. 76,876,852 b. 76,900,353 c. 78,987,567 d. 73,304,488
8. A plant is running at 400rpm, has specific speed of 60rpm and head available is 41m. If the rating of
each turbine installed is 100kw, how many turbines must be used?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
3
9. The available flow of water is 25m /s at 39m elevation. If the hydroelectric plant is to be installed
with turbine efficiency of 0.86 and generator efficiency of 92%, what maximum power that the plant
could generate?
a. 7567.63 b. 8520.3 c. 6520.3 d. 8799.60
10. The difference between the head race and the tail race of a hydroelectric plant is 190m. The friction
loss through the penstock is equivalent to 8m. Water flow at the rate of 2.5m 3/s. Power loss due to
friction in the turbine is 65kw and the leakage loss is 0.02m 3/s. Determine the electrical power
generated in kw if the generator efficiency is 96%.
a. 5052 b. 4188 c. 4631 d. 3942
11. A 40-m wide and 5-m deep river flows at the rate of 1.5 m/s. A hydro-electric plant installed nearby
develops a gage pressure of 320kpa at the turbine entrance. Calculate the maximum power
available in MW.
a. 98 b. 84 c. 96 d. 90
12. The specific speed of turbine is 75rpm and running at 450rpm. If the head is 28m and generator
efficiency is 96%, what is the maximum power delivered by the generator.
a. 1609.23kw b. 1676.28kw c. 750kw d. 853kw
13. For a generator running at 6rps, find the number of generator poles.
a. 18 b. 8 c. 20 d. 24
14. In Francis turbine, the pressure gage leading to the turbine casing reads 385kpa and center of spiral
casing is 3.5m above the tailrace. If the velocity of water entering the turbine is 9m/s, what is the
net head of the turbine?
a. 0.79m b. 46m c. 47m d. 48m
15. A Pelton type turbine has 30m head friction loss of 5.0m. The coefficient of friction head loss is
0.00093 and penstock length of 85m. What is the size of the penstock?
a. 1.52m b. 1.69m c. 1.58m d. 1.89m
16. From a height of 70m water flows at the rate of 0.85m 3/s and is driving a turbine connected to
160rpm generator. If frictional torque is 545 N-m, calculate the turbine brake power.
a. 532.95 b. 574.563 c. 560.74 d. 579.48
17. A hydroelectric power plant consumes 52,650,000 kw-hrs per annum. Expected flow is 1665 m3/min
and overall efficiency is 65%. What is the net head in feet?
a. 52.1 b. 33.9 c. 74.2 d.111.2
18. A hydroelectric power has the following data: catchment area=120sq.km, average annual rain
fall=135cm, run off=85%, available head=350m, overall station efficiency=85%. Calculate the power
that it can develop in kw.
a. 12,743 b. 10,641 c. 11,435 d. 13,502
19. A hydro-electric power plant consumes 51575 MW-hr per annum with a net efficiency of 68%.
Determine the CFM required if the head loss is 3.3% of the 30m gross head.
a. 54473.23 b. 64473.23 c. 382473.23 d. 482324.23
20. The penstock of hydro-electric power plant length is 30m with velocity of 7.5m/s has a head of 40m.
The difference between the headwater and tailwater is 60m. Considering it has a gate head loss of
2m, determine the size of the penstock if the coefficient of friction is 0.023.
a. 90 b. 100 c. 110 d. 120
2
21. A hydro-electric plant having 40km reservoir area and 120m head is used to generate power. The
energy utilized by the consumers whose load is connected to the power plant during a one shift
period is 15800MW-hr. The overall efficiency is 80%. Determine the height of water consumed in
the reservoir during this period.
 a. 1.32m b. 1.51m c. 1.72m d. 1.84m
22. In a 9MW hydro-electric plant the overall efficiency is 91% and the actual power received by the
customer is 100MW-hr per day. If the plant had two shift schedules, determine the secondary
power during the entire day.
a. 96560 b. 129893 c.163227 d. 109MW
23. A pelton type turbine was installed 28m below the head gate of the penstock. The head loss due to
friction is 15% of the given elevation. The length and diameter of the penstock is 80m and 3m
respectively. Determine the nozzle area if the coefficient of friction is 0.20.
a. 1.082 b. 1.820 c. 2.018 d. 2.081
24. A pelton type turbine was installed 28m below the head gate of the penstock. The head loss due to
friction and gate is 15% and 10% of the given elevation. The length and diameter of the penstock is
80m and 3m respectively. Determine the velocity in fps with respect to the coefficient of friction of
0.20.
a. 7.45 b. 12.90 c. 16.65 d. 66.59
25. A Francis turbine is installed with a vertical draft tube. The top of the draft is 1.2m below the
centerline of spiral casing while the tail race water level is 3.2m from the top of the draft tube. There
is no velocity of whirl at the top or bottom of the draft tube and leakage are negligible. The
elevation of water from the reservoir to the centerline of the turbine spiral casing is 51m and the
water velocity at the inlet is 5m/s, discharge flow of 2.5cu. m per sec, hydraulic efficiency is 86%,
overall efficiency of 83%. Determine the generator output.
a. 892.8 b. 904.3 c. 1038.1 d. 1204.2
26. A hydro-electric power plant has a 25MW output with an efficiency of 97%. The turbine efficiency is
80%. The total gross head is 145m while the loss is 3.5% of the gross head. The runway speed is not
to exceed 750rpm. Calculate the flow in GPM.
a. 297638.64 b. 372048.31 c. 415236.23 d. 498215.47
27. Water flows steadily with a velocity of 4m/s in a horizontal pipe having a diameter of 16.24cm. At
one section of the pipe, the temperature and pressure of the water are 22 0C and 688kpa
respectively. And at a distance of 305m downstream, the pressure is 75.44psi. Determine the
hydraulic gradient.
a. 56 b. 59 c. 76 d. 86
28. Water flows steadily with a velocity of 4m/s in a horizontal pipe having a diameter of 16.24cm. At
one section of the pipe, the temperature and pressure of the water are 220C and 688kpa
respectively. And at a distance of 305m downstream, the pressure is 75.44psi. Determine the
coefficient of friction.
a. 0.01118 b. 0.0189 c. 0.0256 d. 0.0117
29. A hydro-electric generating unit station is supplied from a reservoir of capacity of 211,919,022.2ft3
at a head of 180m. The fall in the reservoir level after a load of 16MW has been supplied for one
shift. If the area of the reservoir is 3 square kilometers. Determine the fall in cm. Assume hydraulic
efficiency of 79% and electrical efficiency of 90%.
a. 9.23 b. 11.16 c. 12.23 d. 14.68
30. A pelton wheel is to be designed to run at 500rpm under a gross head of 200m. The ratio of the
nozzle diameter of the pitch circle is 1/12. Assuming penstock efficiency of 84% and a speed factor
of 0.55, determine the size of the wheel.
a. 1.01 b. 1.21 c. 1.32 d. 1.55
31. A hydro-electric plant discharges water at a rate of 4.75m3/s and enters the turbine at 1.35m/s with
a pressure of 275kpa. The utilized head is 90% the gross head. Assuming a hydraulic efficiency of
88%, determine the leakage loss in lps if the difference between headwater and tailwater elevation
is 120m.
a. 95.56 b. 105.56 c. 115.56 d. 125.56
32. A reaction turbine develops 800bhp. Flow through the turbine is 40cfs. Water enters at 18fps with a
98ft pressure head. The elevation of the turbine above the draft tube is 2 ft and the tail race water
level is 6ft. Find the effective head.
a. 91 b. 101 c. 111 d. 123
33. A Francis turbine is installed with vertical draft tube. The pressure head to the center of the spiral
casing at the inlet is 38m and velocity of water at the inlet is 5m/s. The discharge is 2.1m 3/s. The
hydraulic efficiency is 0.88 and overall efficiency is 0.84. The draft tube is located 1.5m below the
centerline and the tail race water level is 5m from the top of the draft tube. What is the total head
on the turbine in meters?
a. 43.27 b. 45.77 c. 52.13 d. 61.24
34. The nozzle efficiency of a pelton wheel is 94%. Find the velocity of water at the nozzle exit if the
head is 170m and velocity coefficient of 0.23.
a. 12.88 b. 13.28 c. 55.99 d. 62.15
35. A hydro-electric plant in Loboc, Bohol discharges 12300cfm and reduces the pressure from 2585mm
Hg to 61.06in Hg. Determine the power in kW.
a. 600 b. 700 c. 800 d. 900
36. The difference between the head race and tail race of hydro-electric power plant is 200m. The
friction loss through the penstock is equivalent to 15m. Water flows at a rate of 4m 3/s. Power loss
due to friction in the turbine is 48kW and the leakage loss is 0.105m 3/s. Determine the power
generated if the generator efficiency is 91%.
a. 6313.96 b. 6361.96 c. 6384.65 d. 6480.65
37. In Badian, Matutinao mini hydropower plant project, the available head is 70m, the water flow is
1m3/s, efficiency of the turbine is 90%, efficiency of the generator is 95%, 3phase, 60cycles, and
voltage delivered is 4.16kV. Determine the estimated yearly income if the cost of electric energy is
P0.60 per kwh.
a. 3.1million b. 3.8million c. 4.1million d. 5.4million
38. An impulse turbine which has a diameter of 60inches, speed of 350rpm, velocity coefficient of 0.98,
speed factor of 0.45, and a jet diameter from the nozzle of 8inches . Compute the horsepower input.
a. 2862 b. 3806 c. 4186 d. 5088
39. An impulse turbine which has a diameter of 60inches, speed of 350rpm, bucket angle of 160o
,velocity coefficient of 0.98, speed factor of 0.45, k=0.9 and a jet diameter from the nozzle of
8inches . Compute the horsepower output.
a. 2040 b. 2284 c. 3628 d. 4526
40. An impulse turbine which has a diameter of 60inches, speed of 350rpm, bucket angle of 160o
,velocity coefficient of 0.98, speed factor of 0.45, k=0.9 and a jet diameter from the nozzle of
8inches . Compute the total energy generated for one year in MWh.
a. 11998.19 b. 18256.57 c. 21333.57 d. 26619.51
41. A Francis turbine type is installed with a vertical draft tube, 1m below the centerline of the spiral
casing, while the tail race water is 3 from the top of the draft tube. There is no velocity of whirl and
leakage losses are negligible. The elevation of the water from the reservoir to the centerline of th
turbine spiral casing is 50m and water velocity at the inlet is 5m/s. Discharge is 2.5m3/s. Hydraulic
efficiency is 86%, turbine efficiency is 83% and generator efficiency is 97%. Determine the power
output.
a. 875 b. 987 c. 1000 d. 1050
42. A hydro-electric power plant has a generator efficiency of 95%, turbine efficiency is 84%, and a
pump efficiency of 70%. Average elevation between the upper and lower pools is 40m. Assume a 4%
loss of head in the pipe friction. The unit is installed to carry a daily peak load of 1500kw-hr. Daily
evaporation loss of stored water amounts to 950Mtons. Calculate the overall efficiency of the
hydropower plant.
a. 48.2 b. 50.4 c. 54.6 d. 58.9
43. The water surface on the dam of a certain hydroelectric power plant in Mindanao is at an elevation
of 165m, while the water surface just at an outlet of the gate is 160m. The head gate has an opening
of 1.25 x 1.25 m leading to the penstock which is fully opened. Assume 70% as coefficient of
discharge; determine the quantity of water that enters the hydraulic turbine per second.
a. 6.56 b. 7.45 c. 10.8 d. 15.6
44. A certain community in the mountains of Mindanao plans to put up a small hydroelectric plant to
service 5 closely located barangays estimated to consume 61,320,000kwh per annum. Expected flow
of water is 1,700m3/min. The most favorable location for plant fixes the tail water level at 400m. The
manufacturer of the turbine generator set has indicated the following performance data. Turbine
efficiency is 85%, generator efficiency is 91%, and losses in head work will not exceed 5% of the
available head. Determine the head water elevation.
a. 434 b. 388 c. 344 d. 299
45. A certain hydro storage plant in Laguna has 18MW rated capacity, with a utilization factor of 70%.
For a 2-hr peak, determine the hydraulic impoundment of water required, with friction loss of 4ft.
Dam elevation at 130ft and hydroelectric turbine elevation of 40ft and a tail race at elevation 30ft.
Generator efficiency is 90% and a turbine efficiency of 80% and evaporation factor of 25%. Assume
that the water is pumped from the low reservoir with friction factor of 10%, pump efficiency of 75%
and motor efficiency of 84%.
a. 51.3 b. 61.3 c. 71.3 d. 81.3
46. The flow of river in a certain hydro power plant is 800ft3/sec and the head on the site is 120ft. It was
proposed to develop the maximum capacity at the site with the installation of 2 turbines, one of
which is two times the capacity of the other. The efficiency of both units is assumed to be 83%.
Determine the rotative speed of each unit assuming specific speed is equal to 70.
a. 659;907 b. 559;807 c. 459;707 d. 359;507
47. A hydroelectric power station is to be constructed has an average annual rainfall of 1.5m. The
catchment area is 230 km2 with an available head of 40m. Only 80% of the rainfall can be collected
and ¾ of the impoundment water is available for power. The load factor of the station is 82%. The
penstock efficiency is 95%, turbine efficiency is 80% and generator efficiency is 90%. Calculate the
average power that could be generated.
a. 1762 b. 1962 c. 2762 d. 2962
48. An existing hydro-electric power plant in Northern Philippines has the following data:
Type of turbine …………………………….. reaction ( Francis )
Gross head …………………………………… 50m
Rate of flow …………………………………. 3m3/s
Penstock length ………………………….. 50m
Penstock diameter ……………………… 0.75m
Assume that the turbine efficiency is 88% and generator efficiency is 95%. Find the het head of the
turbine. Assume f=0.02.
a. 46.8 b. 56.8 c. 66.8 d. 76.8
49. It is desired to develop a 5MW impulse turbine under an effective head of 320m. The turbine
efficiency is 85%. Velocity coefficient of the nozzle is 99%. What should be the wheel diameter
assuming it is 12times the diameter of the jet?
a. 1.5 b. 1.8 c. 2.1 d. 2.8
50. A hydro-electric power plant site, the average gross head is 80m. It is 8m wide with a depth of 2m
rectangular gate and has an average water velocity of 5m/s. Assume a coefficient of discharge of
58%, leakage loss equal to 8% of the discharge flow and the head utilizing by turbine blades is 65m.
The mechanical loss in the turbine is 150kw. It has a generator efficiency of 92% and the fluid
friction loss equal to 4% of the gross head. Determine the volumetric efficiency.
a. 72% b. 82% c. 92% d. 98%