Technological University of the Philippines

College of Industrial Technology

Manila

LABORATORY MANUAL
IN
INDUSTRIAL WIRING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
 FOREWORD

This Laboratory Manual aims to help first year students taking up Electrical Engineering

Technology (EET) and Instrumentation and Control Engineering Technology (ICET) students

learn the basic concepts of Electricity by introducing them to simple electrical diagram and

connections. It includes laboratory activities that tackle safety precautions electrical symbols and

configurations, basic hand tools, splices and joints, and identification of wiring materials. This

also involves designing and estimating the electrical plan of a single storey residential building

and appliances servicing wherein the students learn how to troubleshoot common household

appliances.

This laboratory manual is a joint effort of the faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology

Department of the College of Industrial Technology, Technological University of the Philippines,

Manila. The faculty involved who contributed their ideas, for its contents, illustrations and

related activities are optimistic that it will serve best for its purpose of providing ease in

understanding the course.

COMPILED BY:

ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Technological University of the Philippines

College of Industrial Technology
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Manila

Name: EDGAR BUHAT JR. Course: BET-DMT

Subject: ET1L-M
Group No. Time: 4PM-7PM Days: TH/FRI Date: Rm.
Professor/Instructor: MORALES, CARLOS Rating:
ANGELITO D.

Laboratory Activity No. 1

Electrical Symbols, Configurations and Figures

I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the laboratory activity, the students should be able to:

1. Identify the commonly used electrical symbols and configurations.

2. Develop skills in circuit tracing using the schematic symbols or diagrams.
3. Draw the different standard electrical symbols.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

The definitions of terms are peculiar to and essential to the use of electrical
symbols and configurations for the proper understanding of the electricity. This contains
definitions intended to apply whenever the terms are used throughout the course of
electricity.

TECHNICAL TERMS:

1. Accessible- (as applied to wiring methods) capable of being removed or exposed without
damaging the building structure or finish or not permanently closed in by the structure or
finish of the of the building
2. Ampacity- the current in amperes a conductor can carry continuously under the condition
of use with out exceeding its temperature rating
3. Bus- a conductor or group of conductors, in switchgear assemblies which serves as
common connection for two or more circuits.
4. Cable- either a stranded conductor with or without insulation and other covering (single
conductor cable), or a combination of conductors insulated from one another (multiple
conductor cable).
5. Concealed- rendered inaccessible by the structure or finish of the building. Wires in
concealed raceways are considered concealed, even though they may become accessible
by withdrawing them.
 6. Connector- a metal sleeve, usually copper that is slipped over and secured to the butted
ends of the conductors in making up a joint.
7. Cut- out box- an enclosure designed for surface mounting and having swinging doors or
covers secured directly to and telescoping with the walls of the box proper.
8. Demand factor- the ratio of the maximum demand of a system or part of a system, to the
total connected load of a system or the part of the system under consideration.
9. Disconnecting means- a device or group of devices, or other means by which the
conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their source of supply.
10. Electrical metallic tubing- metal pipe in to which electric wires maybe drawn and which
has a wall thinner than that of a rigid conduit with an outside diameter sufficiently
different from that of a rigid conduit to render it impracticable for any one to thread it
with standard pipe thread.
11. Equipment- a general term including material, fittings, devices, appliances, fixtures,
apparatus and the like used as a part of, or in connection with, an electrical installation.
12. Extension cord- an assembly of a flexible cord with an attachment plug on one end and a
cord connector on the other.
13. Feeder- all circuit conductors between the service equipment or the generator
switchboard of an isolated plant, and the final branch circuit over current device.
14. Fittings- an accessory such as a locknut, bushing, or other part of the wiring system that
is intended primarily to perform a mechanical rather than an electrical function.
15. Fixture – an integral, separate or self-contained unit which may contain one or more
bulbs or fluorescent tubes.
16. Flexible conduit – non – rigid metal conduit into which conductors maybe drawn.
17. Flexible tubing- non-metallic and non-rigid tubing, commonly known as loom, through
which a conductor maybe drawn.
18. Fuse – current rating – the current rating of a fuse is the designated RMS alternating or
direct which it will carry continuously under a stated condition.
19. Installation – an assemblage of electric equipment in a given location, designated for
coordinated operation, and, properly erected and wired.
20. Motor branch circuit – a branch circuit supplying energy only to one or more motors and
associated motor controllers.
21. Over current – any current in excess of the rated current of equipment or the ampacity of
a conductor. It may result from overload, short circuit or ground fault.

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Drawing Instruments

IV. PROCEDURE:

Draw the appropriate electrical symbols for each part on the space provided and give its
descriptions.
DESCRIPTION SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS MEANING / USES

Lightning arresters are

LIGHTNING used to protect electric
ARRESTER fences. They consist of a
spark gap and sometimes a
series inductor. Such type
of equipment is also used
for protecting transmitters
feeding a mast radiator. For
such devices the series
inductance has usually just
one winding.
GROUND (EARTH) Ground or earth provides a
common return path for
electric current in an
electric circuit. It is created
by connecting the neutral
point of an installation to
the general mass of the
earth or a chassis.
Grounding is needed for
electric safety and it also
creates a reference point in
a circuit to which voltages
are measured.
Earth is a direct physical
connection to the Earth.
This is usually done by
driving a copper rod
(earth stake) into the
ground. But, depending
on age and location of
the system this can also
be a copper plate or
copper strip buried in the
ground, or the water
mains or water pipes in a
house. ·
 The service entrance is
where the cables linked
SERVICE ENTRANCE with the heaping side of the
meter that enter the house
or structure. A breaker or
wire box is commonly
thought of as the electrical
entrance in a home. To
supply capacity to the
dwelling, administration
entrance drops are used.
kWh meters are compact
electronic monitoring
KILOWATT-HOUR devices that measure the
METER consumed energy flowing
through a circuit such as a
standard 120V or 240Vac
line and act as a kWh
calculator
Safety switches are used to
open and close a circuit as a
SAFETY POWER disconnecting means for
SWITCH service entrance or to
facilitate lock-out/tag-out
procedures for motors and
other critical power
systems equipment.
 A circuit breaker is an
electrical switch designed
CIRCUIT BREAKERS to protect an electrical
circuit from damage caused
by overcurrent/overload or
short circuit. Its basic
function is to interrupt
current flow after
protective relays detect a
fault.
A circuit breaker is an
electrical safety device
designed to protect an
electrical circuit from
damage caused by
overcurrent. Its basic
function is to interrupt
current flow to protect
equipment and to prevent
the risk of fire.
A fuse is an electrical
safety device that protects
FUSE an electric circuit from
excessive electric current.
Fuses are destroyed during
overload conditions. When
reasonable to do so (and
economically sensible),
circuit breakers are used
instead because they are not
destroyed during overload
conditions
In electrical distribution, a
fuse cutout or cut-out fuse
FUSE CUT-OUT (often referred to as a
cutout) is a combination of
a fuse and a switch, used in
primary overhead feeder
lines and taps to protect
distribution transformers
from current surges and
overloads.
 The main panel is the
electrical breaker box that
MAIN PANEL BOARDS takes the initial connection
of electricity to your home.
It's the first line of defense
against electrical surges and
can help to protect both you
and your appliances from
damage

A panelboard is a
component of an electrical
POWER PANEL BOARD distribution system which
divides an electrical power
feed into branch circuits,
while providing a
protective circuit breaker or
fuse for each circuit, in a
common enclosure. A
panelboard services to
protect branch circuits from
overloads and short
circuits.
Lighting control
panelboards are specialized
LIGHTING PANEL panelboards that include
BOARD both circuit breaker
overcurrent protection and
the ability to control
lighting and receptacle
loads per circuit, all in one
compact panelboard.
provide the right amount of
light where and when it is
needed. Lighting control
systems are employed to
maximize the energy
savings from the lighting
system, satisfy building
codes, or comply with
green building and energy
 Incandescent light bulbs
usually contain a stem or
INCANDESCENT LAMP glass mount attached to the
OUTLET bulb's base which allows
the electrical contacts to
run through the envelope
As a result, the
incandescent lamp is
widely used both in
household and commercial
lighting, for portable
lighting such as table
lamps, car headlamps, and
flashlights, and for
decorative and advertising
lighting.
A fluorescent lamp, or
fluorescent tube, is a low-
FLOURESCENT LAMP pressure mercury-vapor
OUTLET gas-discharge lamp that
uses fluorescence to
produce visible light. A
fluorescent lamp consists
of a glass tube filled with a
mixture of argon and
mercury vapour. Metal
electrodes at each end are
coated with an alkaline
earth oxide that gives off
electrons easily. When
current flows through the
gas between the electrodes,
the gas is ionized and emits
ultraviolet radiation.
Blank outlet covers are
designed to cover any
OUTLET W/ BLANK unused power outlet or
COVER light switch. Widely used
in personal residences and
commercial residences
decoration
point on the electrical
wiring system equipped
FAN OUTLET with one (1) or more
receptacles intended to
receive attachment plugs
from which electrical
 current is taken to supply
FAN equipment.
A duplex outlet provides
space for two electrical
DUPLEX PLUG OUTLET receptacles, leaving you
room to plug in two
devices. A duplex outlet is
one of the most common
outlets found in homes and
businesses, and its design
will protect you from
electrical shock hazards.
The ACU (alternator
control unit a.k.a. voltage
A.C.U OUTLET regulator) also controls the
“low voltage” light.
Alternator Control Unit
The alternator control unit
is a voltage regulator. This
unit regulates the voltage
output of the alternator. If
an overvoltage or under
voltage condition exists,
the alternator control unit
will prevent the alternator
from providing electrical
power to the aircraft
systems.
The weatherproof outlet is
a particular type of
WEATHERPROOF PLUG electrical outlet that is
RECEPTACLE OUTLET designed for installation
outside the home.

A range receptacle is a
type of high-power
COOKING RANGE electrical outlet installed
OUTLET specifically for an electric
range or oven.
 These kinds of outlets are
specially used in areas
SPECIAL PURPOSE where the chance of
OUTLET electrical shock is more
such as kitchen, bathroom,
garage, etc. These are smart
outlets and can be easily
identified by the presence of
'test' and 'reset' buttons
present on the outlet
periphery.
Antenna wall outlets are
typically used to finish an
ANTENNA OUTLET antenna installation. Wall
outlets are available in
several varieties for
different antenna signals
like radio signals, satellite
and cable TV.
A single pole switch is used
to control the light in a
SINGLE POLE SWITCH small closet or bathroom.
It's called a single pole
switch because there are two
wires connected or
separated by the switch
mechanism.
A duplex switch contains
two switches on one body.
DUPLEX SWITCH (2 They come in single pole
single pole switches on 1 and 3-way. Two of the
gang switch plate) common terminals are
connected together with a
removable metal tab. These
terminals are usually
connected to line voltage
and can be black or bronze
color depending on the
manufacturer.
Three-way switches are
commonly used to control
TRIPLEX (3 single pole one light fixture from two
switches on 1 gang switch different locations. For
plate) example, a long hallway or
stairway might use a three-
way switch at each end so
that lights can be turned on
 when approaching one end
of the hall or stairway, then
shut off from the other end.
What is a Double Pole
switch? A double pole
DOUBLE POLE switch has two connections
SWITCH to 2 separate circuits. They
are essentially 2 switches in
one. The connections can be
staggered or connect
simultaneously
What is a 3-way switch
called?
THREE WAY SWITCH Single-pole, double-throw
(SPDT) A.K.A. The 3-way
switch ...
The 3-way switch. Aaron
Lee. This switch connects a
single-line conductor to
either of two possible switch
legs. A common household
example of this is in a three-
way switch loop, which
allows control of a single
load (usually a light) from
two different locations.
A four-way switch is
similar to a three-way,
FOUR WAY SWITCH except it has four terminals
(plus a ground terminal) and
controls one fixture from
three locations. This type of
switch must be combined
between two three-way
switches to form a circuit.
While more uncommon, this
is a good option for large
rooms with several
entrances.
 unction Box Used For in
Commercial Applications?
JUNCTION BOX A junction box is an
electrical enclosure that
houses one or more wiring
connections. The box
protects the connections,
which usually contain
vulnerable points such as
wire splices, from
environmental conditions
and accidental contact.

The meaning of PULL BOX

is a metal box with a blank
PULL BOX cover that is installed in an
accessible place in a run of
conduit to facilitate the pulling
in of wires

A home run is a wire that

graphically represents the
wiring of a circuit to a central
CIRCUIT HOMERUN location that acts as the
distribution point for the
power, typically, a panel. You
do not need to connect the
home run to the panel.
A push button switch is a
mechanical device used to
PUSH BUTTON SWITCH control an electrical circuit in
which the operator manually
presses a button to actuate an
internal switching mechanism.

A buzzer or beeper is an audio

signaling device, which may
BUZZER be mechanical,
electromechanical, or
piezoelectric (piezo for short).
Typical uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices,
timers, and confirmation of
user input such as a mouse
click or keystroke.
 An electric bell is a
mechanical or electronic bell
BELL that functions by means of an
electromagnet. When an
electric current is applied

Newer electrical schematics

show connecting wires joining
LIGHT AND POWER with a dot, while non-
(cross- connecting wires cross with no
lines indicate number of dot. However, some people
wires) still use the older convention
of connecting wires crossing
with no dot, which may create
confusion.
As a word suggests open
means exposed. It is a wiring
OPEN WIRING method using cleats, knobs,
tubes and flexible tubing for
the protection and support of
insulated conductors running,
on walls and not concealed or
hidden under any elements of
building.
the replacement of overhead
cables providing electrical
UNDERGROUND power or telecommunications,
with underground cables. It
helps in wildfire prevention
and in making the power lines
less susceptible to outages
during high winds,
thunderstorms or heavy snow
or ice storm

Underground cables
essentially consist of a
conductor, an insulating
system, a wire screen and a
sheath. At the core is an
electric conductor; in the case
of extra-high-voltage (EHV)
lines, this is usually made of
copper.
 An electrical emergency can
be defined as any situation
EMERGENCY where there is a risk of
electrocution, fire or injuries
due to electrical failure. If you
have experienced electrical
failure in your home or you're
concerned about the safety of
your electrics, the best choice
is always to turn to
professionals for help.

a device making a loud noise that

gives warning of a fire.
FIRE ALARM

CCTV (closed-circuit television) is

CLOSE CIRCUIT TV a TV system in which signals are
not publicly distributed but are
monitored, primarily for
surveillance and security purposes.
CCTV relies on strategic placement
of cameras and private observation
of the camera's input on monitors.
A battery is a device that stores
chemical energy and converts it to
BATTERY electrical energy. The chemical
reactions in a battery involve the
flow of electrons from one material
(electrode) to another, through an
external circuit. The flow of
electrons provides an electric
current that can be used to do work.
These switches protect engineers
and electricians from the risk of
ISOLATING FUSE electrocution. They also help to
prevent damage to the circuit
hardware by minimising short
circuits and overcurrent, and by
allowing timely maintenance.
 The filament is made of tungsten
wire which behalves as a resistance
FILAMENT LAMP to the electrical input energy.
According to the temperature at
which the filament glows will
determine the appearance of the
light emitted. The input
characteristic of the filament lamp
is known as the rating.
AC generator is a machine that
converts mechanical energy into
AC GENERATOR electrical energy. The AC
Generator's input supply is
mechanical energy supplied by
steam turbines, gas turbines and
combustion engines. The output is
an alternating electrical power in
the form of alternating voltage and
current
What is the DC generator?
DC Generator - Parts, Working,
DC GENERATOR EMF Equation, Types, Applications
A DC generator is an electrical
machine whose main function is to
convert mechanical energy into
electricity. When the conductor
slashes magnetic flux, an emf will
be generated based on the
electromagnetic induction principle
of Faraday's Laws.
An AC motor is a motor that
converts alternating current into
AC MOTOR mechanical power. The stator and
the rotor are important parts of AC
motors. The stator is the stationary
part of the motor, and the rotor is
the rotating part of the motor.

A Direct Current (DC) motor is a

motor that turns energy from a
DC MOTOR direct current and turns this into
mechanical energy. The first DC
motor was developed around the
1830's-1840s. They were
commercially unsuccessful,
because these motors were battry
 powered and batteries were still
very expensive and the quality was
low.
MOTOR-GENERATOR (AC- AC generator is a mechanical
DC) device that converts mechanical
energy into AC electrical power.
DC generator is a mechanical
device that converts mechanical
energy into DC electrical power. 2.
Direction of Current. In an AC
generator, the electrical current
reverses direction periodically.
ammeter, instrument for measuring
either direct (DC) or alternating
AMMETER (AC) electric current, in amperes. An
ammeter can measure a wide range
of current values because at high
values only a small portion of the
current is directed through the meter
mechanism; a shunt in parallel with
the meter carries the major portion.
A voltmeter, also known as a
voltage meter, is an instrument that
measures the voltage or potential
VOLTMETER difference between two points of an
electronic or electrical circuit.
Usually, the voltmeter is used for
Alternating Current (AC) circuits or
Direct Current (DC) circuits.
An AC watt-hour meter is a tool
used to degree electric powered
energy. The energy distribution
AC KILOWATTHOUR enterprise makes use of watt meters
METER to determine the quantity of energy
fed on withinside the residential and
business sectors.
Definition: The power factor meter
measures the power factor of a
transmission system. The power
POWER FACTOR METER factor is the cosine of the angle
between the voltage and current. The
power factor meter determines the
types of load using on the line, and it
also calculates the losses occur on it.
 The device which is used to
measure the rotational speed or
angular velocity of a machine like a
TACHOMETER motor or a generator is called an
electrical tachometer. The operation
of an electrical tachometer is based
on the principle of relative motion
between the shaft and magnetic field
of the electrical machine.
ohmmeter, instrument for measuring
electrical resistance, which is
expressed in ohms. In the simplest
OHMMETER ohmmeters, the resistance to be
measured may be connected to the
instrument in parallel or in series. If
in parallel (parallel ohmmeter), the
instrument will draw more current as
resistance increases.

V. CONCLUSION:

 The schematic or circuit diagram is the first thing you should learn about if you are new to
electronics and electrical engineering. You must become familiar with the schematic symbols in
order to create it. The symbols used for drawing schematic diagrams are electrical and
electronic symbols. Here, we've provided a table of these electrical symbols, listing each one
along with its family.

VI. EVALUATION:

State the importance of electrical symbols for technicians like you?

 Electrical symbols are necessary to complete an electrical drawing, and we cannot
complete an electrical drawing without their assistance. Electrical drawings serve as a
representation of electrical circuits. Electrical circuits are represented by symbols and
number sequences.