PORTFOLIO

IN
EL14
CAMPUS JOURNALISM

SUBMITTED BY : ALIA GEAN L

GADIANO

BSED-ENGLISH 2

SUBMITTED TO : JOHN DAVE

TAGULAYLAY
What is Journalism ?

- is the activity of
gathering, assessing, creating,
and presenting news and
information. It is also the
product of these activities.
Journalism can be
distinguished from other activities and products by certain identifiable characteristics and
practices.the collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related commentary and
feature materials through such print and electronic media as newspapers, magazines, books,
blogs, webcasts, podcasts, social networking and social media sites, and e-mail as well as
through radio, motion pictures, and television.

What is Campus Journalism ?

- It is defined as “that
enjoyable activity of the staff
of the campus paper in
collecting, organizing and
presenting news, writing
editorials, columns, features,
and literary articles, taking
pictures, cartooning, copy reading, proofreading, dummying & writing headlines”. Campus
journalism helps them assess their bias towards what they write. A biased news article may
 not be reflective of the truth. It becomes an instrument of propaganda by both sides –
government and
non-government organizations (NGOs). Misleading news could have been corrected if there
was a responsible campus journalist around to illuminate it when it happened (De La Torre
2006). At Alapan 1 Elementary School, campus journalism is the place where the school
offers the opportunity for better learning beyond regular classroom interactions.

Common Media Forms

Digital Journalism
Digital journalism also known as online
journalism is a contemporary form of journalism
where editorial content is distributed via the
Internet as opposed to publishing via print or
broadcast.

Digital journalism, also known as netizen

journalism or online journalism, is a
contemporary form of journalism where editorial
content is distributed via the Internet, as opposed
to publishing via print or broadcast.

Broadcast Journalism
Broadcast journalism is the field of news
and journals which are broadcast by electronic
methods instead of the older methods, such as
printed newspapers and posters. It works on radio, television and the World Wide Web. Such media disperse
pictures, visual text and sounds.

Journalism that is in the field of radio or television broadcasting rather than print. She wants to have a
career in broadcast journalism.

Sports Journalism

Sports journalism focuses on

reporting amateur and professional sporting
news and events. Sports journalists work in
all media, including print, television
broadcasting and the internet.

Sports journalism is a form of writing

that reports on matters pertaining to sporting
topics and competitions. Sports journalism started in the early 1800s when it was targeted to the social elite
and transitioned into an integral part of the news business with newspapers having dedicated sports sections.

Photojournalism

The art or practice of

communicating news by photographs,
especially in magazines.

Photojournalism is communicative
photography to tell a story. A
photojournalist has the same responsibilities as any other reporter, i.e. Page 2 to tell the story without
prejudice or preference.

Photojournalism is a form of journalism which tells a news story through powerful photography

Tabloid Journalism

Tabloid journalism is a popular style

of largely sensationalist journalism, which
takes its name from the tabloid newspaper
format: a small-sized newspaper also
known as half broadsheet

Tabloids are a smaller form of

newspaper than a broadsheet and present the news in a way that sensationalizes crime stories and celebrity
gossip. Tabloids, such as the National Enquirer, can be purchased near the checkout aisle at grocery stores.

Investigate Journalism
Investigative Journalism
means the unveiling of matters that are
concealed either deliberately by someone
in a position of power, or accidentally,
behind a chaotic mass of facts and
circumstances – and the analysis and
exposure of all relevant facts to the public

Investigative journalism is a
form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes,
political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years
researching and preparing a report

Development Journalism

Development journalism has been

defined as “a type of reporting and
writing on topics related to the
process of economic
development” (Steele, 2009, p.
401). This definition appears to be
the least controversial by far.

Development Journalism is the

kind of journalism that pays
sustained attention to the coverage
of ideas, policies, programs, activities and events dealing with the improvement of the life of people.

OVERVIEW/REVIEW ON MEDIA LITERACY

Every journalism educator, student of journalism, journalist, or professional working in the field of media
regulation or media self-regulation should improve their understanding and appreciation of media and
information literacy as a standard part of their work and study. Media and Information Literacy can enable
quality and ethical journalism, build trust in media through citizens, government, and media partnerships, as
well as stimulate civic engagement. This guide aims to become an important and practical tool for
journalists, journalism educators, media regulators, and civil society organizations in the implementation of
their professional activities, and primarily engaging in media and information literacy. Many years ago, a
journalist and Nobel Literature Prize laureate Albert Camus — African and European at the same time —
established three requirements for critical (or quality) journalism:

1) To inform well; with no hurry, without rush;

2) To contribute to the understanding of the news by means of observations that grant the exact scope of
information, whose source and intention are not always evident;

3) To provide the public with knowledge about information techniques and strategies, in order to “guard
their critical spirit, instead of facilitating their life”.

Camus thus, avant la lettre, called attention to the need for good journalistic profession to promote, in an
exercise of transparency, the pedagogy of its procedures, that is to say, the critical competency of its
audiences, then MIL.

1. That truth is built among all — journalists and citizens

2. That fighting against lies entails fighting against prejudices, against stereotypes and against
closed-mindedness

3. That there is no journalistic credibility without ethics and honest

 4. That there is no quality journalism without public/citizen participation: Today’s journalism is no
longer one-way

5. That both quality journalism and MIL have, as a means and as an end, to strengthen people’s
rights equitably and without discrimination

History of Journalism in The World

The Beginning of Journalism

Journalism is the gathering, organizing, and distribution of news – to include feature stories and commentary
– through the wide variety of print and non-print media outlets. It is not a recent phenomenon, by any
means; the earliest reference to a journalistic product comes from Rome circa 59 B.C., when news was
recorded in a circular called the Acta Diurna. It enjoyed daily publication and was hung strategically
throughout the city for all to read, or for those who were able to read.

During the Tang dynasty, from 618 A.D. to 907 A.D., China prepared a court report, then named a bao, to
distribute to government officials for the purpose of keeping them informed of relevant events. It continued
afterward in a variety of forms and names until the end of 1911, and the demise of the Qing dynasty.
However, the first indication of a regular news publication can be traced to Germany, 1609, and the initial
paper published in the English language (albeit “old English”) was the newspaper known as the Weekly
Newes from 1622. The Daily Courant, however, first appearing in 1702, was the first daily paper for public
consumption.

It should come as no surprise that these earliest forays into keeping the public informed were met with
government opposition in many cases. They attempted to impose censorship by placing restrictions and
taxes on publishers as a way to curb freedom of the press. But literacy among the population, as a whole,
was growing and because of this, along with the introduction of technology that improved printing and
 circulation, newspaper publications saw their numbers explode; and even though there remain pockets of
news censorship around the world today, for the most part, journalistic freedom reigns.

Soon after newspapers got a foothold, the creation of the magazine became widespread as well. Its earliest
form was such aptly named periodicals as the Tattler and Spectator. Both were initial attempts to marry
articles of opinions with current events, and by the 1830s, magazines were common mass-circulated
periodicals that appealed to a broader audience. They included illustrated serials aimed specifically at the
female audience.

Time passed, and the cost of news gathering increased dramatically, as publications attempted to keep pace
with what seemed to be a growing and insatiable appetite for printed news. Slowly, news agencies formed to
take the place of independent publishers. They would hire people to gather and write news reports, and then
sell these stories to a variety of individual news outlets. However, the print media was soon about to come
head-to-head with an entirely new form of news gathering – first, with the invention of the telegraph, then
quickly followed by the radio, the television, and mass broadcasting. It was an evolution of technology that
seemed all but inevitable.

Non-print media changed the dynamics of news gathering and reporting altogether. It sped up all aspects of
the process, making the news, itself, more timely and relevant. Soon, technology became an integral part of
journalism, even if the ultimate product was in print form. Today, satellites that transmit information from
one side of the globe to another in seconds, and the Internet, as well, place breaking news in the hands of
almost every person in the world at the same time. This has created a new model of journalism once again,

History of journalism and campus Journalism in the Philippines

Brief History of Campus Journalism

THE HISTORY OF CAMPUS JOURNALISM IN THE PHILIPPINES STARTED WHEN THE.

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS PUBLISHED THE LILIPUTIENSE IN 1890. It is according to Jesus
Velenzuela in History of Journalism in the Philippines Islands (1933) and John Lent in (1964).uela in the
History of Journalism in the Philippine Islands (1933) and John Lent in the Philippine Mass Communication
(1964), the history of campus journalism in the Philippines started when the University of Santo Tomas
published El Liliputiense in 1890.
However, Oscar Manalo, Narciso Matienzo, and Virgilio Monteloyola in Ang Pamahayagan (1985) argued
that the history of campus journalism in the country started when the University of the Philippines published
The College Folio, now The Philippine Collegian, in 1910. They also added that The Torch of the Philippine
Normal University, The Guidon of the Ateneo de Manila University, and The Varsitarian of the University
of Santo Tomas were also published two years later.

Whatever came first, Carlos Romulo y Peña edited The Coconut, the official student publication of the
Manila High School, now the Araullo High School. It was published in 1912 and it is now considered the
first and oldest high school newspaper in the country

In 1923, La Union High School in the Ilocos Region published The La Union Tab, the first printed and
regularly issued high school newspaper in the country. Since then, high school newspapers came out one
after the other.

R.A. 7079 – CAMPUS JOURNALISM ACT AND THE PRESS

CONFERENCE
Eighth Congress

REPUBLIC ACT No. 7079 July 5, 1991

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF CAMPUS JOURNALISM

AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

Section 1. Title. – This Act shall be known and referred to as the “Campus Journalism Act of 1991.”

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is the declared policy of the State to uphold and protect the freedom of
the press even at the campus level and to promote the development and growth of campus journalism as a
means of strengthening ethical values, encouraging critical and creative thinking, and developing moral
character and personal discipline of the Filipino youth.In furtherance of this policy, the State shall undertake
various programs and projects aimed at improving the journalistic skills of students concerned and
promoting responsible and free journalism.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. –

(a) School. – An institution for learning in the elementary, secondary or tertiary level comprised of
the studentry, administration, faculty and non-faculty personnel;

(b) Student Publication. – The issue of any printed material that is independently published by, and
which meets the needs and interests of, the studentry;

© Student Journalist. – Any bona fide student enrolled for the current semester or term, who was passed or
met the qualification and standards of the editorial board.He must likewise maintain a satisfactory academic
standing.

(c) Editorial Board. – In the tertiary level, the editorial board shall be composed of student
journalists who have qualified in placement examinations.In the case of elementary and high
school levels, the editorial board shall be composed of a duly appointed faculty adviser, the
editor who qualified and a representative of the Parents-Teachers’ Association, who will
determine the editorial policies to be implemented by the editor and staff members of the student
publication concerned.

At the tertiary level, the editorial board may include a publication adviser at the option of its members.

€ Editorial Policies. – A set of guidelines by which a student publication is operated and managed, taking
into account pertinent laws as well as the school administration’s policies.Said guidelines shall determine
the frequency of the publication, the manner of selecting articles and features and other similar matters.
Section 4. Student Publication. – A student publication is published by the student body through an editorial
board and publication staff composed of students selected but fair and competitive examinations.

Once the publication is established, its editorial board shall freely determine its editorial policies and
manage the publication’s funds.

Section 5. Funding of Student Publication. – Funding for the student publication may include the savings of
the respective school’s appropriations, student subscriptions, donations, and other sources of funds.

In no instance shall the Department of Education, Culture and Sports or the school administration concerned
withhold he release of funds sourced from the savings of the appropriations of the respective schools and
other sources intended for the student publication. Subscription fees collected by the school administration
shall be released automatically to the student publication concerned.

Section 6. Publication Adviser. – The publication adviser shall be selected by the school administration from
a list of recommendees submitted by the publication staff.The function of the adviser shall be limited to one
of technical guidance.

Section 7. Security of Tenure. – A member of the publication staff must maintain his or her status as student
in order to retain membership in the publication staff.A student shall not be expelled or suspended solely on
the basis of articles he or she has written, or on the basis of the performance of his or her duties in the
student publication.

Section 8. Press Conferences and Training Seminar. – The Department of Education, Culture and Sports
shall sponsor periodic competitions, press conferences and training seminars in which student-editors/writers
and teacher-adviser of student publications in the elementary, secondary and tertiary levels shall participate.
Such competitions, conferences and seminars shall be held at the institutional, divisional, and regional
levels, culminating with the holding of the annual national elementary, secondary or tertiary School Press
Conferences in places of historical and/or cultural interest in the country.

Section 9. Rules and Regulations. – The Department of Education, Culture and Sports, in coordination with
the officers of the national elementary, secondary or tertiary organizations or official advisers of student
publications, together with student journalists at the tertiary level and existing organizations of student
journalists, shall promulgate the rules and regulations necessary for the effective implementation of this Act.

Section 10. Tax Exemption. – Pursuant to paragraph 4, Section 4, Article XIV of the Constitution, all grants,
endowments, donations, or contributions used actually, directly and exclusively for the promotion of campus
journalism as provided for in this Act shall be exempt from donor’s or gift tax.

Section 11. Appropriations. – For the initial year of implementation, the sum of Five million pesos
(P5,000,000.00) is hereby authorized to be charged against the savings from the current appropriations of the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports. Thereafter, such amount as may be necessary shall be
included in the General Appropriations Act.

Section 12. Effectivity. – This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following the completion of its
publication in the Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation.

Approved: July 5, 1991.

Issues in campus Journalism

Campus Journalism has challenges in life such as to censorship and prior review, restricted access,
and budget constraints, Legal Intimidation, Lack of Funding, and Even Violent Physical Attacks

Campus journalism has become an avenue to the youth to hone their skills, to be disciplined, to think
critically and to be the upholders of freedom of the press even at their young age.
References:

https://alapan1es.com/2022/02/17/campus-journalism-in-shaping-better-learning-
opportunity/

https://www.britannica.com/topic/journalism

https://medialaw.unc.edu/events/modern-problems-facing-student-journalism/
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/polytechnic-university-of-the-philippines/
bachelor-science-in-political-economy/history-of-campus-journalism-in-the-
philippines/35413642

https://www.universalclass.com/articles/writing/journalism-a-brief-history.htm

https://prezi.com/r5a1l5_s8eri/unit-2-1-definition-of-development-journalism/

https://alapan1es.com/2022/02/17/campus-journalism-in-shaping-better-learning-

opportunity/