MATHEMATICS BY ANKIT SIR

SCIENCE ZONE

Test / Exam Name: CHAPTER 3 & 4 Standard: 12TH SCIENCE Subject: MATHEMATICS
Student Name: Section: Roll No.:

Questions: 11 Time: 60 Mins Marks: 25

3 −1
If |A∣ = 3 and A−1 = [ 5 ​​ 2 ​ ]
Q1. 1 Marks
​ , then write the
−
3 3
adj A.
Ans: 3 −1
adj A = 3 [ 5 ​​ 2 ​ ]
​ = [ 9 ​ −3]​
− −5 2
3 3
Q2.Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason 1 Marks
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
x 2 6 2
Assertion: The value of x for which [ ​ ]​ = [ ​ ]​ is ± 6.
18 x 18 6
a b
Reason: The determinant of a matrix A order 2x2, A [ ​ ]​ is = ab - dc.
c d
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true.
Ans: C A is true but R is false.
Q3. If A and B are square matrices of the same order, then (A + B)(A - B) is equal to:​​ 1 Marks
A. A2 - B2 B. A2 - BA - AB - B2
C. A2 - B2 + BA - AB D. A2 - BA + B2 + AB
Ans: C A2 - B2 + BA - AB
Solution:
(A + B)(A - B) = A2 - AB + BA - B2
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Q4. If B is a non-singular matrix and A is a square matrix, then det (B-1 AB) is equal to: 1 Marks

A. Det (A-1) B. Det (B-1) C. Det (A) D. Det (B)

Ans: C Det (A)
Solution:
B is non-singular.
̸ 0, that B is invertible and that B-1 exists.
This implies that ∣B∣ ​=
Here B is invertible.
∴ ∣B−1∣ = ∣B∣−1 = ∣B∣ 1 ​
⇒ ∣B−1AB∣ = ∣B−1∣∣AB∣
⇒ ∣B−1AB∣ = ∣B∣−1∣A∣∣B∣
⇒ ∣B−1AB∣ = ∣B∣ 1 ​∣A∣∣B∣
⇒ ∣B−1AB∣ = ∣A∣
Q5. ⎡2 λ −3⎤ 1 Marks
If A = ​0 ​ 2 ​ 5 ​ ​, then A−1 exists if:
⎣1 1 3 ⎦

A. λ = 2 B. λ ​=
̸ 2
C. λ ​=
̸ −2 D. None of these

Ans: D None of these

Solution:

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 ⎡2 λ −3⎤
A = ​0 ​ 2 ​ 5 ​ ​
⎣1 1 3 ⎦
The inverse of a matrix exists if its determinant is not equal to 0.
Consider,
⎡2 λ −3⎤
∣A∣ = 0 ​ ​ 2 ​ 5 ​ ​​̸= 0
⎣1 1 3 ⎦
⇒ ∣A∣ = 2(6–5)–λ(0–5) + (−3)(0–2) ​=
̸ 0
̸​ 0
⇒ 2 + 5λ + 6 =
⇒ 5λ + 8 ​≠ 0
⇒ 5λ = ​
̸ −8
⇒λ= ̸ −8
​
5
​

Q6. ⎡ 1 2 −1⎤ 1 Marks

If A = −1​ ​ 1 ​ 2 ​ ​, then det (adj (adj A)) is:
⎣ 2 −1 1 ⎦

A. 144 B. 143 C. 142 D. 14

Ans: A 144
Solution:
⎡ 1 2 −1⎤
​ ​ 1 ​ 2 ​​
A = −1
⎣ 2 −1 1 ⎦
∣A∣ = 14
2
det(adj(adj A)) = ∣A∣n−1
2
det(adj(adj A)) = ∣14∣3−1 = 144
Q7. ⎡3 2 5⎤ 2 Marks
​ ​ 1 ​ 3 ​ ​. Express A as sum of two matrices such that one is symmetric and the other is skew
Let A = 4
⎣0 6 7⎦
symmetric.
Ans: ⎡3 2 5⎤ ′ ⎡3 4 0⎤
A= 4 ​ ​ 1 ​ 3 ​ ​, A = 2 ​ ​ 1​ 6​ ​
⎣0 6 7⎦ ⎣5 3 7⎦
⎡3 3 5 ​⎤
⎡6 6 5⎤ ⎢ 2⎥
6 2 9 ​ ​= ⎢
′
A + A ​ 1​ ​ ​ ​ 9 ​⎥
⎢3 1 2⎥
∴ = ​ ​ ​ ​ ​⇒ Symmetric
2⎣
5 9 14⎦ ⎢ 5 9 ⎥
2
⎣ ​ ​ 7⎦
2 2
⎡ 0 −1
5​ ⎤
′ ⎡ 0 −2 5 ⎤ ⎢
−3 ​⎥
2
0 ​ −3 ​ ​= ⎢ ⎥
A − A ​ 1​ ​ ​
⎢ 1 2 ⎥
= 2 ​ ​ 0 ​ ​ ​⇒ Skew symmetric
2⎣
0 ⎦ ⎢ −5 ⎥
2
−5 3
⎣ 0 ⎦
​ 3​
2 2
⎡3 3 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ]⎤
5​ 5​
−1
⎡3 2 5⎤ ⎢ 2⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥
​ ​ 1 ​ 3 ​ ​= ⎢​3 ​ 1 ​ 9 ​⎥​ ​+ ⎢​ 1 ​ −3 ​⎥
⎢ 2⎥ ⎢ 0 ​
2 ⎥
∴ 4 ​​
⎣0 6 7⎦ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ −5 ⎥
⎣ 7⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦
5​ 9​ ​ 3​
2 2 2 2
Q8. ⎡2 1 2 ⎤ ⎡ x ⎤ 2 Marks
If [x ​ 4 ​ 1]​ ​1 ​ 0 ​ 2 ​ ​ ​ 4 ​ ​= 0,
⎣0 2 −4⎦ ⎣−1⎦
find x.
Ans: Given,
⎡2 1 2 ⎤ ⎡ x ⎤
[x ​ 4 ​ 1]​ ​1 ​ 0 ​ 2 ​ ​ ​ 4 ​ ​= 0
⎣0 2 −4⎦ ⎣−1⎦
⎡ x ⎤
⇒ [2x + 4 + 0 ​ x + 0 + 2 ​ 2x + 8 − 4]​ ​ 4 ​ ​= 0
⎣−1⎦
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 ⎡ x ⎤
⇒ [2x + 4 ​ x + 2 ​ 2x + 4]​ ​ 4 ​ ​= 0
⎣−1⎦
⇒ [(2x + 4)x + 4(x + 2) − 1(2x + 4)]​ = 0
⇒ 2x2 + 4x + 4x + 8 − 2x − 4 = 0
⇒ 2x + 6x + 4 = 0
⇒ 2x2 + 2x + 4x + 4 = 0
⇒ 2x(x + 1) + 4(x + 1) = 0
⇒ (x + 1) + (2x + 4) = 0
⇒ x + 1 = 0 or 2x + 4 = 0
⇒ x = −1 or x = −2
Hence, x = -1 or -2
Q9. ⎡ 2 −1 1 ⎤ 5 Marks
If A = ​−1 ​ 2 ​ −1 ​ ​verify that A3 - 6A2 + 9A - 4I = 0 and hence
⎣ 1 −1 2 ⎦

find A-1.
Ans: ⎡ 2 −1 1 ⎤
A = ​−1 ​ 2 ​ −1 ​ ​
⎣ 1 −1 2 ⎦
⎡ 2 −1 1 ⎤
⇒ ∣A∣ = ​−1 ​ 2 ​ −1 ​ ​
⎣ 1 −1 2 ⎦
= 2 × (4 − 1) + 1(−2 + 1) + 1(1 − 2)
= 6−1−1= 4
Since, ∣A∣ ​=
̸ 0
-1
Hence, A exists.
⎡ 2 −1 1 ⎤ ⎡ 2 −1 1 ⎤
Now, ⇒ A2 = ​−1 ​ 2 ​ −1 ​ ​ ​−1 ​ 2 ​ −1 ​ ​
⎣ 1 −1 2 ⎦ ⎣ 1 −1 2 ⎦
⎡ 4 + 1 + 1 −2 − 2 − 1 2 + 1 + 2 ⎤
= ​−2 − 2 − 1 ​ 1 + 4 + 1 ​ −1 − 2 − 2 ​ ​
⎣ 2 + 1 + 2 −1 − 2 − 2 1 + 1 + 4 ⎦
⎡ 6 −5 5 ⎤
= ​−5 ​ 6 ​ −5 ​ ​
⎣ 5 −5 6 ⎦
⎡ 6 −5 5 ⎤ ⎡ 2 −1 1 ⎤
A3 = A2A = ​−5 ​ 6 ​ −5 ​ ​ ​−1 ​ 2 ​ −1 ​ ​
⎣ 5 −5 6 ⎦ ⎣ 1 −1 2 ⎦
⎡ 12 + 5 + 5 −6 − 10 − 5 6 + 5 + 10 ⎤
= ​−10 − 6 − 5 ​ 5 + 12 + 5 ​ −5 − 6 − 10 ​ ​
⎣ 10 + 5 + 6 −5 − 10 − 6 5 + 5 + 12 ⎦
⎡ 22 −21 21 ⎤
= ​−21 ​ 22 ​ −21 ​ ​
⎣ 21 −21 22 ⎦
⎡ 22 −21 21 ⎤ ⎡ 6 −5 5 ⎤
Now, A3 − 6A2 + 9A − 4I = ​−21 ​ 22 ​ −21 ​ ​− 6 ​−5 ​ 6 ​ −5 ​ ​
⎣ 21 −21 22 ⎦ ⎣ 5 −5 6 ⎦
⎡ 2 −1 1 ⎤ ⎡1 0 0⎤
= +9 ​−1 ​ 2 ​ −1 ​ ​− 4 ​0 ​ 1 ​ 0 ​ ​
⎣ 1 −1 2 ⎦ ⎣0 0 1⎦
⎡ 22 − 36 + 18 − 4 −21 + 30 − 9 − 0 21 − 30 + 9 − 0 ⎤
= ​−21 + 30 − 9 − 0 ​ 22 − 36 + 28 − 4 ​ −21 + 30 − 9 − 0 ​ ​
⎣ 21 − 30 + 9 − 0 −21 + 30 − 9 − 0 22 − 39 + 18 − 4 ⎦
⎡0 0 0⎤
= ​0 ​ 0 ​ 0 ​ ​= 0 [Null matrix]
⎣0 0 0⎦
Hence proved.
Now, A3 - 6A2 + 9A - 4I = 0
⇒ A-1 × (A3 - 6A2+ 9A - AI) = A-1 × 0
⇒ A2 - 6A + 9I - 4A-1 = 0
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 ⇒ 4A-1 = A2 - 6A + 9I
−1 ⎡ 6 −5 5 ⎤ ⎡ 2 −1 1⎤ ⎡1 0 0⎤
⇒ 4A = −5 6 −5 − 6 ​−1 ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2 1 + 9 ​0 ​ 1 ​ 0 ​ ​
​ ​ ​
⎣ 5 −5 6 ⎦ ⎣ 1 −1 2⎦ ⎣0 0 1⎦

−1 ⎡ 6 − 12 + 9 −5 + 6 +0 5+6+0 ⎤
⇒ 4A = −5 + 6 + 0 6 − 12 + 9 ​
​ ​ −5 + 6 + 0 ​ ​
⎣ 5 − 6 + 0 −5 + 6 + 0 6 − 12 + 9 ⎦
⎡ 3 1 −1⎤
⇒ 4A−1 = ​ 1 ​ 3 ​ 1 ​ ​
⎣−1 1 3 ⎦
1 ⎡ 3 1 −1⎤
⇒ A−1 = ​ ​ 1 ​ 3 ​ 1 ​ ​
4 ⎣−1 1 3 ⎦

Q10. ∣ 2 2 −4∣∣ ∣1 −1 0∣∣

∣ ∣ 5 Marks
If A = ∣−4 2 −4∣ and B = ∣∣​2 ​ 3 ​
∣ ​ ​ ​ ​​
∣ 4∣∣​​, then find BA and use this to solve the system of equations y +
∣ 2 −1 5 ∣ ∣0 1 2∣∣
∣ ∣ ∣
2z = 7, x - y = 3 and 2x + 3y + 4z = 17.
Ans: ∣ 2 2 −4∣∣ ∣1 −1 0∣
∣ ∣ ∣
We have, A = ∣−4 2 −4∣ and B = ∣∣​2 ​ 3 ​ 4∣∣​​
∣ ​ ​ ​ ​​
∣
∣ 2 −1 5 ∣ ∣0 1 2∣
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
∣1 −1 0∣ ∣ 2 2 −4∣ ∣6 0 0∣
∣ ∣∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
∴ BA = ∣∣2 ​ ​ 3 ​ 4∣​​∣−4 ​ ​ 2 ​ −4∣​​= ∣0 ​ ​ 6 ​ 0∣​​= 6I
∣∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
∣0 1 2∣ ∣ 2 1 5 ∣ ∣0 0 6∣
∣ ∣∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
∣ 2 2 −4∣∣
A 1 ∣
1 ​ ​
∴ B−1 = ​= ​A = ​∣∣−4 2 ​ −4∣​​ … (i)
6 6 6 ∣ 2 −1 5 ∣∣
∣ ∣
Also, x − y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17 and y + 2z = 7
⎡1 −1 0⎤ ⎡x⎤ ⎡ 3 ⎤
⇒ 2 ​ ​ 3 ​ 4​ ​ y ​ ​ ​= 17 ​ ​​
⎣0 1 2⎦ ⎣ z ⎦ ⎣ 7 ⎦
−1
⎡x⎤ ⎡1 −1 0⎤ ⎡3⎤
​y ​ ​= ​2 ​ 3 ​ 4 ​ ​ ​17 ​ ​
⎣ z ⎦ ⎣0 1 2⎦ ⎣7⎦

1⎡
2 2 −4⎤ ⎡ 3 ⎤
= ​ ​−4 ​ 2 ​ −4 ​ ​ ​17 ​ ​[using Eq.(i)]
6 ⎣ 2 −1 5 ⎦ ⎣ 7 ⎦

1 ⎡ 6 + 34 − 28 ⎤ 1 ⎡ 12 ⎤ ⎡ 2 ⎤
= ​ ​−12 + 34 − 28 ​ ​= ​ ​−6 ​ ​= ​−1 ​ ​
6⎣
6 − 17 + 35 ⎦
6⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
24 4
∴ x = 2, y = -1 and z = 4
Q11. A school wants to award its students for the values of Honesty, Regularity and Hard work with a total 5 Marks
cash award of Rs. 6,000. Three times the award money for Hard work added to that given for honesty
amounts to Rs. 11,000. The award money given for Honesty and Hard work together is double the one
given for Regularity. Represent the above situation algebraically and find the award money for each
value, using matrix method. Apart from these values, namely, Honesty, Regularity and Hard work,
suggest one more value which the school must include for awards.
Ans: Let the award money given for Honesty, Regularity and Hard work be x, y and z respectively.
Since total cash award is Rs. 6,000.
∴ x + y + z = Rs. 6000 .....(1)
Three times the award money for Hard work and Honesty is Rs 11,000.
∴ x + 3z = Rs. 11000
⇒ x + 0y + 3z = 11000 .....(2)
Award money for Honesty and Hard work is double the one given for regularity.
∴ x + z = 2y
⇒ x - 2y + z = 0 .....(3)
The above system can be written in matrix form as:
⎡1 1 1⎤ ⎡x⎤ ⎡ 6000 ⎤
​ ​ 0 ​ 3​ ​ y
1 ​ ​ ​= 11000
​ ​​
⎣1 −2 1⎦ ⎣ z ⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦

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or AX = B, where
⎡1 1 1⎤ ⎡x⎤ ⎡ 6000 ⎤
A = ​1 ​ 0 3 X = y and B = ​11000 ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
⎣1 −2 1⎦ ⎣ z⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦
∣A∣ = 6 ​=
̸ 0
Thus, A is non-singular. Hence, it is invertible.
⎡ 6 −3 3 ⎤
Adj A = ​ 2 ​ 0 ​ −2 ​ ​
⎣−2 3 −1⎦

1⎡
6 −3 3 ⎤
1 ​
∴ A−1 = (adj A) = ​ ​ 2 ​ 0 ​ −2 ​ ​
∣A∣ 6 ⎣−2 3 −1⎦

1⎡
6 −3 3 ⎤ ⎡ 6000 ⎤
X = A−1B = ​ ​ 2 ​ 0 ​ −2 ​ ​ 11000
​ ​​
6 ⎣−2 3 −1⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦
⎡x⎤ ⎡ 500 ⎤
⇒ y​ ​ ​= 2000
​ ​​
⎣ z ⎦ ⎣3500⎦
Hence, x = 500, y = 2000 and z = 3500.
Thus, award money given for Honesty, Regularity and Hardwork are Rs. 500, Rs. 2000 and Rs. 3500
respectively.
School can include sincerity for awards.

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