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10 Bio Practical

The document describes an experiment to identify the different parts of a dicot seed embryo using pea, gram or red kidney bean seeds. The procedure involves soaking seeds overnight, removing the seed coat gently with forceps to observe the radicle, plumule, cotyledons and other parts, and drawing diagrams of the observations.

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179 views6 pages

10 Bio Practical

The document describes an experiment to identify the different parts of a dicot seed embryo using pea, gram or red kidney bean seeds. The procedure involves soaking seeds overnight, removing the seed coat gently with forceps to observe the radicle, plumule, cotyledons and other parts, and drawing diagrams of the observations.

Uploaded by

amlanjyotihazarika93
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO:

Aim To show experimentally that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration.

Materials Required Two test tubes, a cork with two holes, two glass tubes, syringe, lime
water. Procedure
1. Take some freshly prepared lime water in two test tubes.
2. Fit cork with two holes in test tubes A and B.
3. Fix two glass tubes in this cork of test tube A as shown in the figure.
4. Exhale air into the tube and record your observations.
5. In another test tube B, which has lime water, pass air through syringe and record your
observations.

Observation

• In test tube A, the lime water turns milky sooner than in test tube B.

Conclusion
1. The exhaled air contains lot of CO2 which turns lime water milky.
2. This proves that during respiration we exhale CO2 gas.

Precautions
1. The glass tube should be dipped in the lime water.
2. The lime water should be freshly prepared.
EXPERIMENT NO:

Aim To study (a) binary fission in Amoeba and (b) budding in yeast with the help ofprepared
slides.

Materials Required
1. Prepared slides of Amoeba showing binary fission with different stages.
2. Prepared slides of yeast showing budding with different stages.
3. Compound microscopes 2-4.

(A) Binary Fission in Amoeba


Procedure
1. Place the prepared slides of Amoeba showing different stages of reproduction on the
stage of the microscope.
2. Adjust the mirror of the microscope to focus maximum light on the slide. Adjust the
eye-piece of the microscope so that the slide is clearly focussed and seen.
3. Draw diagrams of the stages of binary fission in Amoeba.

Observations
1. Amoeba is a protozoa that lives in water and has irregular shape.
2. In the centre of Amoeba dense nucleus is seen.
3. In second stage, Amoeba shows the nucleus division, i.e., karyokinesis.
4. In third stage, we can see the cell body division, i.e., cytokinesis.
5. In the fourth stage, two daughter cells of Amoeba are formed.

Conclusion The given slides showed the division of a single cell body into two equal
halves. The division of nucleus and cell body are seen which led to the formation of two
daughter cells. Hence, the kind of reproduction seen in Amoeba is binary fission.

(B) Budding in Yeast


Procedure
1. Place the permanent/prepared slides of yeast showing different stages of
reproduction on the stage of microscope.
2. Make the adjustments in mirror of the microscope for focussing maximum light on the
slide.

3. Adjust the eye-piece so that the slide is clearly seen.


4. Draw diagrams of the stages of budding yeast cells.
Observations
1. Yeast is oval or spherical in shape.
2. It is a unicellular organism.
3. In the second stage, yeast shows a small growth on it called ‘bud’.
4. In the third stage, yeast shows that in some situations many such chain of buds is
seen on the parent cell. This process is called ‘budding’.
5. On maturity the buds get separated from parent cell to form and grow’ as a new
organism. This process is called budding.

Conclusion The given slides showed the small growth (bud) on yeast. These buds on
maturity separates from parent cell and grow as a new organism, hence, yeast shows
budding.
Precautions
1. Use microscope very carefully. Do not disturb its adjustments.
2. The slides shown under the microscope should not be disturbed.
3. Set the mirror of the microscope for better focus of light on the slide.
4. The slide can be seen under low power or high power of the microscope. These
adjustments should be done very carefully.

EXPERIMENT NO:

Aim
To identify the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (pea, gram or red kidney bean).

Materials Required
Water soaked seeds of pea, gram or red kidney beans, petridish, forcep, needle,
brush and simple microscope and slide.
Procedure

1. Take 8-10 soaked seeds of pea/gram/red kidney beans, place them on


wet cotton in petridish overnight. The seed coat becomes soft which
helps in the opening of the seeds.
2. With the help of forcep, slowly remove the seed coat and study different
parts of seed embryo.
3. Now, slowly remove the embryo axis with needle and place it on the
slide.
4. Observe these three parts of the seed obtained, record your
observations and draw diagrams.

Observations

1. The seed has a small pore called micropyle.


2. It is a dicot seed, i.e., the seed has two cotyledons.
3. The embryo axis shows radicle and plumule, (as shown in the figure),
the radicle is future root and the plumule is future shoot.
4. The food is stored in cotyledons.

Conclusion
The different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed were identified as plumule (future
shoot), radicle (future root), seed coat (outer covering) and cotyledons (food store)
Precautions

1. The best quality seeds should be used for study.


2. Soak the seeds overnight to make the seed coat soft.
3. Observe the parts under simple microscope/lens and record your
observations.
4. Remove the seed coat very gently.

EXPERIMENT NO:

Aim
To prepare a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata.

Materials Required
Freshly plucked leaf of Rheo or Tradescantia, petri dish, slide, coverslip, needle,
forceps, brash, dropper, watch glass, filter paper, glycerine, safranin solution and
microscope.
Procedure

1. Take a freshly plucked leaf (Rheo or Tradescantia).


2. Stretch the leaf with its dorsal (lower) part facing upwards.
3. Break the leaf by applying suitable pressure so that the epidermis
projects from the leaf.
4. Cut the epidermis and put it in a petri dish.
5. Take a watch glass, add few drops of water and a drop of stain in it.
6. Transfer the small piece of epidermis from petri dish into the watch
glass with the help of brash.
7. Allow the peel to remain in the stain for 2-3 minutes, so that it can take
up the stain.
8. With the help of brush transfer the stained peel into a petri dish with
water to remove the extra stain.
9. Now take a clean slide and place it on a filter paper. In the centre of the
slide put a drop of glycerine and transfer the stained peel from petri
dish on the slide.
10. Gently hold the coverslip with the needle and place it on the peel. Avoid
air bubbles formation.
11. Use the filter paper to clean the excess stain, water or glycerine that
comes out from the coverslip sides.
12. Ensure that the slide is clean and place it under the microscope. First
view it under low power (10X) and then under high power(45X).
13. Record your observations.

Observations
1. In an epidermal peel we see single layer of cells.
2. In between the epidermal layer small spots are seen.
3. When focused under powerful microscope the stomata pores are clearly
seen.
4. Each stomata pore has two kidney-shaped cells called guard cells.
5. Each guard cell has one nucleus and many chloroplasts.

Conclusion
Epidermal layer of leaf peel has many stomata pores. Each stomatal pore has two
kidney shaped guard cells, in dicots plants. Each guard cell has one nucleus and
many chloroplasts.
Precautions

1. While removing the epidermal peel, ensure that you pluck the thinner
scrap of leaf.
2. Do not overstain the peel.
3. Avoid air-bubbles formation while placing the coverslip.
4. The peel should not be folded.
5. The slide should be clean and dry before placing it under microscope.

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