The resultant force is

...(i)

But ql=p is the dipolc moment (/ being the length of the dipole)
and (E,- E,)/l= AE/Al is field strength gradient (i.e., the
quantity showing the change in field strength per unit length).
AE
Thus, from Eq. (i), F=p A ...(ii)

In differential form, |F|=p

dx|
where dEldx is the gradient of the field in the x-direction.
This force pulls the dipole into the region with a stronger field.
It is due to this reason that a charged body attracts light objects
such as pieces of paper, dust, pieces of foil, etc. By the action
of the field, these objects first acquire adipole moment and then
pulled to a region where the field strength is greater, i.e., closer
to the electrified body.

LLUSTRATION 1.52
In a certain region of space, electric field is along the
z-direction throughout. The magnitude of electric field is,
however, not constant but increases uniformly along the
positive z-direction, at the rate of 105 NC- ml. What are
the force and torque experienced by a system having
a total dipole moment equal to 10 Cm in the negative
z-direction?

Sol. Here, p= 10-7 Cm

dE
-=10 NC m! (E+ dE) q
dZ
dz
From figure, dE
dZ E tq t
F= qE +(-aE+dE) - gdE
ldE|
=-9|
dE dE
=-qdZz-p dZ
(as q dZ =p=dipole moment)
Thus, F acts in a dircction opposite to dEldZ, i.e., along the
negative z-direction. Further,
dE
F=|F|= p dZ =10 N

Since p\TE, T=0 (or t=pEsin =pE sin I80° =0).

 CONCEPT APPLIGATION EXERCISE
1. Find the dipolc momcnt of the
conbinationof the
as shown in figurc,

(o, 0)

20
2. For thc clcctrostatic charge system as shown in the fe
fnd the forcc acting on dipole. 2

3. Two dipoles of dipole moments p, and p,

are placed
shown in figure. Find the force of interaction betwecn
dipoles.
2

4.. An clectric dipole formcd by two

particles
of a light rod of length /. The mass of eachfixed the e
at
and the charges are -g and +q. particle is

The system is placcd in such a way that the

Is parallel to a uniform electric ficld E dipole
that cxists in
tegion. The dipole is slightly rotated about its centtv
released. Show that for small angular
motion is angular SHM and evaluate displacement.
its tine penon
5. Adipole having dipole
moment 'p' is
a charged ng having charge O and place at the a
radius R,
from the centre as shown in figure. Findat athedista
cxpenened by the dipole of dipole oment p
along the #Xes of the unifomly
charged ring.

ANSWERS
2. 3.

4. T 2n 5. R2
V
24t:
 CONCEPT OF SOLID ANGLE
Solid angle is the three-dimensional angle enclosed by the lateral
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