Scribd
Upload
8 views7 pages

Exp. - 4 Machine Lab

This document describes an experiment to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a synchronous generator and study the effect of different load types on voltage regulation. The experiment involves open circuit, short circuit, and dc tests to obtain the generator parameters and a load test to collect voltage and current readings under resistive, inductive and capacitive loads.

Uploaded by

Abdelrahman Muadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views7 pages

Exp. - 4 Machine Lab

This document describes an experiment to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a synchronous generator and study the effect of different load types on voltage regulation. The experiment involves open circuit, short circuit, and dc tests to obtain the generator parameters and a load test to collect voltage and current readings under resistive, inductive and capacitive loads.

Uploaded by

Abdelrahman Muadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Tafila Technical University

Faculty of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Department


Electrical Machines Lab

Exp. # 6 Synchronous Generator


Objective.
1. To determine the equivalent circuit parameters of synchronous generator.
2. To study the effect of load types on voltage regulation.
3. To obtain the load characteristics of synchronous generator.
Theory.
Synchronous generators (Alternators) are synchronous machines used to convert
mechanical power to AC electrical power. Synchronous generator has three-phase
stator windings and a single-phase rotor winding that is supplied from d .c voltage
source to produce the rotor magnetic field, since the rotor is turned by a prime mover
this will yield a rotating magnetic field within the machine. The rotating magnetic field
induces a three-phase set of voltages within the stator windings of the generator. The
magnetic poles on the rotor may be of either salient or non-salient construction. In ac
machines the rotor (and the stator) is constructed of thin lamination to reduce eddy
current losses. There are two common approaches to supply the dc power to the field
circuit on the rotor; one of them is to feed it from an external d.c supply by means of
slip rings, the other way is to feed it from a special dc power source mounted directly
on the shaft of the machine. In the synchronous generator the term synchronous means
that the produced electrical frequency is synchronized with the mechanical ratings of
generator as follow:
nm p
fe = (1)
120
Where:
f e : Electrical frequency [Hz].

nm : Rotor speed of synchronous generator [rpm].

1
P: number of poles.
Through the action of transforming the mechanical power to electrical power there are
several losses, which is illustrated in fig. (1).

Fig. (1) The power-flow diagram of a synchronous generator

The
equivalent circuit of synchronous generator is shown in Fig.(2). The equivalent circuit
impedance can be determined using three steps as follow:

Step1: open-circuit test


In this test the synchronous generator is turned at rated speed and adjusts the excitation
current at the rated value where the generator terminals are left open circuited. Since
there is no drop voltage on the stator impedance (stator current equal zero), then
E a = V .

Step 2: short-circuit test


In this test the generator terminals have been shorted through Ammeters, after adjusting
the generator at rated speed.

Step 3: dc test
Two terminals of the synchronous generator are connected to a dc voltage source then
record the values of dc voltage and dc current pass through the machine. From this test

the armature resistance Ra can be calculated as follow:

2
Vdc
Ra = (1)
2 I dc

Xs = Z s2 − Ra2  Z s (2)

Fig.(2) Equivalent circuit of synchronous generator

Finally voltage regulation ( V R ) of synchronous generator can be calculated as


follow:
Vnl − V fl E a − V fl
VR = = (3)
V fl V fl

Procedure.
a. Open circuit test

3
1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig. (3).
2. Turn on the prime mover at the generator rated speed and keep it
constant during the test.
3. Increase the field current from zero into 0.01 step up to 0.12.
4. Record your results in table 1.
5.
b. Short circuit test
1. Make sure that the power supplies are off.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in fig. (4).

3. Turn on the prime mover at the generator rated speed and keep it
constant during the test.
4. Increase the field current antil the armature current becomes rated.
5. Record your results in table 1.

Fig. (3) Open circuit test.

4
Fig. (4) Short circuit test.

c. dc test
d.
1. Make sure that the power supply is off.
2. Apply a dc voltage through two terminals of the synchronous generator to
get the rated armature current.
3. Record the readings of supply voltage and current in table 1.

I f [A] 0 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09 .1 .11 .12

E a [V]

i a [A]

Vdc [v] I dc [A]

Table 1

5
e. Load test

1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig. (5).


2. Keep the speed constant at its rated value during this test.
3. Increase the field voltage supply in order to get field current from zero to
0.12A.
4. Connect a three phase resistive load across the generator terminals.
5. Increase the resistive load in steps then record the readings of the terminal
voltage and current at each step in table 2.
6. Repeat step 3, 4 and 5 for inductive load then for a capacitive load.

Fig. (5) Load test

Resistive Inductive Capacitive

6
load load load
R1 R2 R3 R4 L1 L2 L3 L4 C1 C2
V [V]

I  [A]

V R [%]

Table 2

Report.
1. Plot OC and SC tests characteristic on common field current base.
2. Calculate the synchronous generator stator impedance, stator reactance and
stator resistance.
3. Calculate the voltage regulation in table 2.
4. Plot the output voltage versus the load current for all loads.
5. Write your conclusion and comments in your results.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy