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Laboratory Experiment

The document discusses the procedure and results of an experiment to characterize the properties of a transformer. It describes measuring voltages and currents across different terminals with the transformer configured in various ways, both with and without loads. This helps determine properties like the turns ratio, whether it is operating as a step-up or step-down transformer, and how currents change with the addition of loads.

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Mark Jomel Mangampo
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29 views

Laboratory Experiment

The document discusses the procedure and results of an experiment to characterize the properties of a transformer. It describes measuring voltages and currents across different terminals with the transformer configured in various ways, both with and without loads. This helps determine properties like the turns ratio, whether it is operating as a step-up or step-down transformer, and how currents change with the addition of loads.

Uploaded by

Mark Jomel Mangampo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES

AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES


LABORATORY 1
MARK JOMEL MANGAMPO
20-47186
BSEE3A
LABORATORY REPORT NO.: 1
Transformer Characteristics

OBJECTIVES:
1. To understand the characteristics of the transformer.
2. To learn how to measure parameters of the transformer.

DISCUSSION

Electrical transformers are machines that transfer electricity from one circuit to another while the voltage
level changes but the frequency remains constant. They are now designed to use an alternating current supply,
which means that fluctuations in supply voltage are influenced by fluctuations in current. As a result, an increase
in current will result in an increase in voltage and vice versa.

Transformers help to improve the safety and efficiency of power systems by adjusting voltage levels as needed.
They are used in a variety of residential and industrial applications, most notably in the distribution and regulation
of power over long distances.

How Do Transformers Operate? An electrical transformer operates on the basis of Faraday's electromagnetic
induction law, which states that "the rate of change of flux linkage with respect to time is directly proportional to
the induced EMF in a conductor or coil."

The physical basis of a transformer is mutual induction between two circuits connected by a common magnetic
flux. It usually has two windings: primary and secondary. These windings share a laminated magnetic core, and
the mutual induction that occurs between these circuits’ aids in the transfer of electricity from one point to
another.

An ideal transformer is one that does not have any losses such as copper or core. The output power of this
transformer is equal to the input power. This transformer's efficiency is 100%, which means there is no power loss
within the transformer.

PROCEDURE

1. Set the module KL-13—1 on the main unit KL-210021, and locate the block g.

2. Locate the transformer T1 and its terminals labeled 1,2,3,4 and 5 as shown in Fig. 2-17-1.

3. Using the ohmmeter, measure and record the resistances


between terminals 4 and 5, 1 and 3.
a. R4-5 = 79.4 Ω
b. R1-3 = 49 Ω

4. Measure and record the resistances between 1 and 2, 2 and 3.


a. R1-2 = 25 Ω
b. R2-3 = 24.3 Ω
c. Are the two values equal? NO

ELEN116L – ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 1


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5. Set the function generator output to a 10KHz sine wave of 6Vrms indicated by the AC Voltmeter.
Connect the generator’s outputs to terminals 4 and 5 as shown in Figs, 2-17-2 and 2-17-3.

6. Using the voltmeter, measure the and record the voltage across the terminals 4 and 5.
E4-5 = 5.88 V
Is this winding used as the primary or secondary? Primary
Measure and record the voltage across terminals 1 and 3.
E1-3 = 4.55 V
Is this winding used as the primary or secondary? Secondary
Compare the primary voltage with the secondary voltage and write down your comment.
The primary Voltage is higher than the secondary voltage, which we can use to conclude that the
transformer we are using is a step a step-down transformer.

7. Using the equation n = Ep / Es = Np / Ns, calculate and record the turns ratio of the transformer.
n = 1.2923 turns

8. Connect the AC signal to terminals 1 and 3 as shown in Figs. 2-17-4 and 2-17=5

ELEN116L – ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 1


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9. Using the voltmeter, measure the and record the voltage across the terminals 1 and 3.
E1-3 = 5.92 V
Is this winding used as the primary or secondary? Primary
Measure and record the voltage across terminals 4 and 5.
E4-5 = 7.45 V
Is this winding used as the primary or secondary? Secondary
Compare the primary voltage with the secondary voltage and write down your comment.
The primary Voltage is lower than the secondary voltage, which we can use to conclude that the
transformer we are using is a step a step-up transformer.

10. Using the equation n = Ep / Es = Np / Ns, calculate and record the turns ratio of the transformer.
n = 1.2584 turns

11. Is there agreement between your calculated values of n? Yes


Which winding includes more turns? The primary winding

12. Connect the AC signal to terminals 1 and 2 as shown in Figs. 2-17-6 and 2-17-7.

13. Measure and record the voltage across terminals 1 and 2.


E1-2 = 5.79 V

14. Measure and record the voltage across terminals 4 and 5.


E4-5 = 14.55 V
Is the transformer used as the step-up or step-down transformer?
The transformer is being used as a step-up transformer.

15. Calculate and record the turns ratio.


n = 2.5129 turns

16. Connect the AC signal to terminals 4 and 5.


Measure and record the voltage across the terminals 4 and 5.
E4-5 = 5.95 V

17. Measure and record the voltage across the terminals 1 and 2.
E1-2 = 2.3 V
Is the transformer used as the step-up or step-down transformer?
The transformer is being used as a step-down transformer.
Calculate and record the turns ratio.
n = 2.59 turns

ELEN116L – ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 1


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18. According to Figs. 2-17-8 and 2-17-9, complete the experiment circuit with short-circuit clips. (With R11
disconnected)

19. Measure and record the voltage across the resistor R10.
ER10 = 0.75 V
Calculate the primary current Ip = ER10/R10, Ip = ER10/100.
Ip = 7.5 mA
In such a case the Ip is called exciting current of the transformer.

20. Connect R11 and measure the voltage across R10.


ER10 = 4.2 V
Calculate the primary current Ip = ER10/R10, Ip = ER10/100.
Ip = 42 mA
With a load connect the, is the current Ip increased or decreased?
When the load R11 is connected the current Ip increased from 7.5 mA to 42 mA.

21. Measure and record the voltage values of E4-5 and E1-3.
E4-5 = 5 V
E1-3 = 0.52 V
Calculate the turns ratio.
n = 9.61 turns.
Is this value of n equal to the value of step-7? No.

22. Using Ohm’s Law, calculate and record the secondary current.
Is = E1-3 / R11, Is = E1-3 / 100
Is = 5.2 mA

23. In the case of Fig. 2-17-8, what is the transformer used for?
The transformer is used to step-up the current and step-down the voltage value.

CONCLUSION:

When we conducted the experiment, we were able to use the two types of transformers which are Step-up
and Step-down transformer. The step-up transformer increases the voltage of the output while the step-down
transformer does vise-versa. The current output is inversely proportional. The output current in Step-up
transformer will be smaller compared to the input current, and opposite in step-down transformer. The reason is
so that the Power of both input and output will still be equal.

ELEN116L – ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 1


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