NACHAULI, FARIDABAD

SCHOOL OF VOCATIONAL STUDIES

Session: 2024 - 2026

B.Voc Assignment

Name of the Student :……………………………………………………………………

Roll No. : ……………………………………………………………………..

Course : ………………………………………………………… …………

Subject Name :Fundamentals of Computer

Subject Code :BVGE - 109

Name of the Industry Partner:

Arjun Foundation (BVOC 440), 1st Floor, Arjun Complex, Chandi,
Post Sikandarpur, P.S. G.B. Nagar, Tarwara, Siwan (Bihar) -
841434
Question 1: Explain the difference between Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing
systems.

Answer : Multiprogramming and multiprocessing are two different approaches used in

computer systems to achieve efficiency and enhance performance. Here's how they differ:

Multiprogramming:

 Definition: Multiprogramming refers to a technique where multiple programs are

loaded into memory simultaneously, and the CPU switches rapidly between them to
keep it busy.
 Single CPU: In a multiprogramming system, there is typically only one CPU (Central
Processing Unit) that executes instructions from different programs in quick
succession.
 Efficiency: Multiprogramming improves CPU utilization by allowing the CPU to
work on other tasks while one program is waiting for I/O (Input/Output) operations to
complete.
 Example: In a multitasking operating system like Unix or Windows, multiple
applications are loaded into memory, and the CPU switches between them based on
scheduling algorithms.

Multiprocessing:

 Definition: Multiprocessing involves the use of multiple CPUs or processor cores

within a single computer system, each capable of executing instructions
independently.
 Multiple CPUs/Cores: In a multiprocessing system, there are two or more CPUs or
processor cores working concurrently, each handling its own set of tasks.
 Parallel Execution: Tasks can be executed in parallel across multiple CPUs/cores,
leading to faster processing and improved performance.
 Efficiency: Multiprocessing provides true parallelism, allowing multiple tasks to be
executed simultaneously without having to share processing resources.
 Example: High-performance computing systems, servers, and some desktop
computers use multiprocessing to handle demanding computational tasks efficiently.
Question 2: What are the main components of CPU? Discuss them in detail.

Answer The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is often considered the "brain" of a computer,
responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. It consists of several key
components, each playing a crucial role in the overall operation of the processor. Here are the
main components of a CPU:

1. Control Unit (CU):

 The control unit coordinates and controls the operations of the CPU. It fetches
instructions from memory, decodes them, and then executes them by directing other
components of the CPU and coordinating with external devices.
 Fetching: Retrieves instructions from memory.
 Decoding: Interprets instructions to determine the necessary operations.
 Execution: Carries out the instructions by issuing commands to other parts of the CPU
and coordinating with memory and input/output devices.

2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):

 The ALU is responsible for performing arithmetic (addition, subtraction,

multiplication, division) and logical (AND, OR, NOT) operations on data.
 Arithmetic Operations: Perform mathematical calculations such as addition and
subtraction.
 Logical Operations: Perform logical comparisons and operations such as AND, OR,
and NOT.
 ALU functions based on control signals received from the control unit.

3. Registers:

 Registers are small, high-speed storage units located within the CPU.
 They store data temporarily during processing and hold instructions, addresses, and
intermediate results.
 Common types of registers include:
 Instruction Register (IR): Holds the current instruction being executed.
 Program Counter (PC): Stores the address of the next instruction to be fetched from
memory.
 Accumulator: Stores intermediate arithmetic and logical results.
 Memory Address Register (MAR): Holds the address of the memory location being
accessed.
 Memory Data Register (MDR): Stores data being transferred between the CPU and
memory.
 4. Cache Memory:

 Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory unit located within or very close to the
CPU.
 It stores frequently accessed data and instructions to reduce the time required to
access them from main memory (RAM).
 Cache memory is organized into levels (L1, L2, L3) based on proximity to the CPU
and size, with L1 cache being the smallest and fastest, and L3 cache being larger and
slower.

5. Clock:

 The clock generates regular electronic pulses or clock cycles that synchronize the
operations of the CPU.
 Each clock cycle represents a fixed unit of time during which the CPU performs one
or more operations.
 The clock speed, measured in hertz (Hz) or gigahertz (GHz), determines the number
of clock cycles per second and influences the overall processing speed of the CPU.

Block Diagram of a Computer System:

Computer Block Diagram

Question 3: Discuss how can you have animation in MS-Power Point slides?

Answer: Animating slides in Microsoft PowerPoint can enhance presentations by adding

visual interest and emphasizing key points. Here's how you can incorporate animation into
PowerPoint slides:

1. Select an Object: Start by selecting the object (text, image, shape, etc.) on the slide
that you want to animate.
2. Access Animation Pane:
 In PowerPoint, go to the "Animations" tab on the ribbon at the top of the window.
 Click on "Animation Pane" in the "Advanced Animation" group. This will open the
Animation Pane on the right side of the screen.
3. Choose an Animation:
 With the object selected, click on the "Add Animation" dropdown menu in the
"Animations" tab.
 Choose an animation effect from the list. PowerPoint offers various entrance,
emphasis, exit, and motion path animations.
4. Customize Animation:
 After selecting an animation effect, you can customize its settings by clicking on
the "Effect Options" dropdown menu in the "Animations" tab.
 Adjust parameters such as direction, speed, and start options to fine-tune the
animation.
5. Preview Animation:
 To preview the animation, click on the "Preview" button in the "Animations" tab.
This allows you to see how the animation will look during the presentation.
6. Add Multiple Animations:
 You can add multiple animations to the same object or apply different animations
to different objects on the slide.
 Use the Animation Pane to reorder animations, adjust timing, or modify animation
settings.
7. Set Animation Trigger:
 If you want an animation to occur based on user interaction (e.g., clicking the
mouse or pressing a key), you can set an animation trigger.
 To set a trigger, select the object with the animation, go to the "Animations" tab,
click on "Trigger" in the "Advanced Animation" group, and choose the trigger
option (e.g., "On Click").
8. Use Animation Painter:
 If you want to apply the same animation settings to multiple objects, you can use
the Animation Painter.
 Select an object with the desired animation settings, click on the "Animation
Painter" button in the "Animations" tab, and then click on the objects you want to
apply the animation to.
Question 4: Define a function in Spreadsheet Software. Describe any five functions.

Answer: In spreadsheet software, a function is a built-in formula that performs a specific task
or calculation. Functions take one or more inputs (arguments) and return a result based on
those inputs. They are used to automate calculations and manipulate data within cells. Here
are descriptions of five commonly used functions in spreadsheet software:

1. SUM Function:
 Syntax: =SUM(number1, number2, ...)
 Description: Adds together a range of numbers or cells.
 Example: =SUM(A1:A10) adds the values in cells A1 through A10.

2. AVERAGE Function:
 Syntax: =AVERAGE(number1, number2, ...)
 Description: Calculates the average (mean) of a range of numbers or cells.
 Example: =AVERAGE(B1:B10) calculates the average of the values in cells B1
through B10.

3. IF Function:
 Syntax: =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
 Description: Performs a logical test and returns one value if the test evaluates to
TRUE, and another value if the test evaluates to FALSE.
 Example: =IF(C1>10, "Yes", "No") returns "Yes" if the value in cell C1 is greater
than 10, otherwise returns "No".

4. VLOOKUP Function:
 Syntax: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num,
[range_lookup])
 Description: Searches for a value in the first column of a table array and returns a
value in the same row from a specified column.
 Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, $B$1:$D$100, 3, FALSE) searches for the value in
cell A1 in column B of the range B1:D100 and returns the corresponding value
from column D.

5. COUNT Function:
 Syntax: =COUNT(value1, value2, ...)
 Description: Counts the number of cells in a range that contain numbers.
 Example: =COUNT(A1:A10) counts the number of cells in the range A1:A10 that
contain numbers.
Question 5: What is the difference between relative, absolute and mixed references?
Explain with an example.
Answer: Relative, absolute, and mixed references are ways to reference cells or ranges in
spreadsheet formulas. Each type of reference behaves differently when copied or filled to
other cells. Here's an explanation of each type with an example:

1. Relative Reference:
 Definition: A relative reference adjusts its cell address based on its position
relative to the cell containing the formula.
 Example: Suppose you have a formula in cell B2 that adds the values in cells A1
and A2. The formula is "=A1 + A2". If you copy this formula to cell B3, the
formula will automatically adjust to "=A2 + A3". This is because the references to
cells A1 and A2 are relative, and they are adjusted based on their relative
positions to the new location of the formula.

2. Absolute Reference:
 Definition: An absolute reference remains fixed and does not change when
copied or filled to other cells.
 Example: Continuing with the previous example, suppose you want to multiply
the values in cells A1 and A2 by a constant value in cell C1. You use the formula
"=A1 * $C$1". If you copy this formula to cell B3, the reference to cell C1
remains unchanged. So, the formula in cell B3 will still be "=A2 * $C$1". The
dollar signs ($) before the column letter and row number indicate that the
reference is absolute.

3. Mixed Reference:
 Definition: A mixed reference has one part that is relative and another part that is
absolute.
 Example: Continuing with the previous example, suppose you want to multiply
the value in cell A1 by the constant value in cell C1, but you want the column
reference to remain fixed while allowing the row reference to change. You can
use the formula "=A1 * $C1". If you copy this formula to cell B3, the reference to
cell C1 will remain unchanged, but the reference to cell A1 will change to A2. So,
the formula in cell B3 will be "=A2 * $C1".