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Thank You Badi

The document discusses three types of voltage regulators: Zener diode regulation, linear regulators, and switching regulators. It provides schematics and discusses the operation of each type, including areas of application.

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Mark Aromin
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11 views6 pages

Thank You Badi

The document discusses three types of voltage regulators: Zener diode regulation, linear regulators, and switching regulators. It provides schematics and discusses the operation of each type, including areas of application.

Uploaded by

Mark Aromin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. What is Zener Diode Voltage Regulation?

• Provide the schematic diagram of a Zener voltage regulation


• Discuss the operation of Zener voltage regulation
• Areas of Application

A Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator to provide a constant


voltage from a variable source. The Zener diode of Zener voltage Vz is connected
in reverse across the load RL that requires constant output. The resistance R
absorbs the output voltage fluctuations in order to maintain a constant voltage
across the load.
The major application of a Zener diode in the electronic circuit is as a
Voltage Regulator. It provides a constant voltage to the load from a source whose
voltage may vary over a sufficient range. Zener diodes are generally employed in
multimeters to protect the meter movement against the damage from the
accidental overloads.
The Zener diode is connected in parallel with the meter from the safety
point of view. When the voltage across the diodes is less than the Zener value
during the positive and negative halves of the cycle, they provide a high resistance
path.
2. Linear (dissipative) regulator
•
• Provide the schematic diagram of each type
• Discuss the operation
• Areas of Application

Linear regulators exist in two basic forms: shunt regulators and series
regulators. The shunt regulator works by providing a path from the supply voltage
to ground through a variable resistance (the main transistor is in the "bottom
half" of the voltage divider). Series regulators are the more common form; they
are more efficient than shunt designs. The series regulator works by providing a
path from the supply voltage to the load through a variable resistance, usually a
transistor (in this role it is usually termed the series pass transistor); it is in the
"top half" of the voltage divider - the bottom half being the load.

Shunt regulator
Series regulators

A linear regulator is a type of voltage regulator that is used to maintain a


constant voltage. Its resistance changes depending on the load and the input
voltage, producing a constant voltage output. A linear regulator is the simplest
way to generate a regulated voltage. The input is always connected to the output
via the pass element, which acts as a variable resistor. The linear regulator
requires a minimum dropout voltage, VDROPOUT, between VIN and VOUT in
order to operate but today most devices are low-dropout (LDO) designs that can
operate with VDROPOUT of a few hundred millivolts. VDROPOUT depends on load
current since it equals ILOAD X RON, where RON is the resistance of the pass
device.
3. Switching (non-dissipative) regulator
• Different types
• Provide the schematic diagram of each type
• Discuss the operation
• Areas of Application

Switching regulators are classified as DC-DC or AC-DC converters based on


whether the input power is DC (direct current) or AC (alternating current)
(alternating current). Each type is further subdivided into isolated and non-
isolated subcategories. Construction of an isolated or non-isolated converter
involves the use of a suitable circuit type. The circuit types include rectifying and
flyback type, each comprising different components, circuit size, and operating
principles.

DC-DC Converter
AC-DC Converter

The AC-DC converter, after performing rectification and smoothing of the


AC input in the initial stage, basically operates as a DC-DC converter, we may
assume that both the AC-DC and DC-DC converters behave alike. DC-DC
conversion, a switching regulator can step up or step down the input voltage. As
an application of this capability, conversions involving stepping up/down and
inversion are also possible.
There are Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Pulse Frequency Modulation
(PFM) modes to control the output voltage. PWM is a mode that delivers
regulation by adjusting the on/off time ratio at a constant switching cycle
(frequency).

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