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Logarithm Previous Year Questions With Solutions

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55 views8 pages

Logarithm Previous Year Questions With Solutions

Uploaded by

Rina prasad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Question 1: Let (x0, y0) be the solution of the following equations.

(2x)ln 2 = (3y)ln 3

3ln x = 2ln y. Then x0 is

(a) 1/6

(b) 1/3

(c) 1/2

(d) 6

Solution:

Given that (2x)ln 2 = (3y)ln 3 ..(i)

Taking log on both sides

log 2 log (2x) = log 3 log (3y)

log 2 (log 2 + log x) = log 3 (log 3 + log y) ..(ii)

Also 3ln x = 2ln y ..(iii)

Taking log on both sides

log x log 3 = log y log 2

log y = log x log 3/log 2 …(iv)

Substitute (iv) in (ii)

log 2 (log 2 + log x) = log 3 (log 3 + log x log 3/log 2 )

(log 2)2 + log 2 log x = (log 3)2 + log x (log 3)2/log 2

[log 2 -(log 3)2/log 2] log x = (log 3)2 - (log 2)2

log x = [(log 3)2 - (log 2)2]/[ ((log 2)2 - (log 3)2 )/log 2]

log x = - log 2

log x = log 2-1

=> x = 2-1

= 1/2
Hence option c is the answer.

Question 2: If 3x = 4x-1, then x =

Solution:

Given that 3x = 4x-1

Take log on both sides

log 3x = log 4x-1

x log 3 = (x-1) log 4

= x log 4 - log 4

log 4 = x(log 4 - log 3)

So x = log 4/(log 4 - log 3)

= 1/(1 - log 3/log 4)

= 1/(1 - log4 3)

Hence the value of x is 1/(1 - log4 3).

Question 3: The number of positive integers satisfying the equation x + log 10(2x + 1) = x log105 + log10 6 is

(a) 0

(b) 1

(c) 2

(d) infinite

Solution:

x + log10(2x + 1) = x log105 + log10 6

x [1 - log105] + log10(2x + 1) = log10 6

x [ log10 10 - log10 5] + log10(2x + 1) = log10 6

x log102 + log10(2x + 1) = log10 6

log10 2x (2x + 1) = log10 6

(2x)2 + 2x - 6 = 0

2x = 2 or 2x = -3 (rejected)
=> x = 1

So number of positive integers = 1

Hence option b is the answer.

Question 4: If log7 2 = k, then log49 28 is equal to

(a) (1+2k)/4

(b) (1+2k)/2

(c) (1+2k)/3

(d) none of the above

Solution:

Given log7 2 = k

log49 28 =

= ½ log7 28

= ½ log7 (4×7)

= ½ log7 4 + ½ log7 7

= ½ log7 22 + ½

= log7 2 + ½

=k+½

= (2k+1)/2

Hence option b is the answer.

Question 5: If loga x = b for permissible values of a and x then which is/are correct.

(a) If a and b are two irrational numbers, then x can be rational

(b) If a is rational and b is irrational, then x can be rational

(c) If a is irrational and b is rational, then x can be rational

(d) If a and b are rational, then x can be rational

Solution:
Given that loga x = b

=> x = eb/a

Case 1: Let, b be any irrational number and a be equal to a = eb that means a is irrational because e is irrational. So
x = eb/a becomes rational.

Hence option a is correct.

Case 2: Let a be rational and b is irrational.

If we take any rational number as a and b = ln a, then x = eb/a = eln a/a = a/a = 1.

So x is rational.

Hence option b is correct.

Case 3: Let a be irrational and b is rational,

If we consider any rational number as b and a = eb

Then x = eb/eb = 1 is rational.

Hence option c is correct.

Case 4: let a and b be rational.

If we take a = any rational number and b = 0, x can be rational.

Hence option d is correct.

So option a, b, c and d are correct.

Question 6: If x = 9 is a solution of ln(x2 + 15a2) - ln (a-2) = ln (8ax/(a-2)) then

(a) a = 3/5

(b) a = 3

(c) x = 15

(d) x = 2

Solution:

Given ln(x2 + 15a2) - ln (a-2) = ln (8ax/(a-2))

ln [(x2 + 15a2)/(a-2)] = ln (8ax/(a-2))

=> (x2 + 15a2)/(a-2) = (8ax/(a-2))


=> x2 + 15a2 = 8ax

=> x2 + 15a2 - 8ax = 0 ..(i)

Given x = 9 is a root.

=> 81 + 15a2 - 72a = 0

=> 5a2 - 24a + 27 = 0

=> (5a-9) (a-3) = 0

=> a = 9/5 or a = 3

Put value of a in (i)

When a = 9/5, we get x = 9 or x = 27/5

When a = 3, we get x = 9 or x = 15

Hence option b and c are correct.

Question 7: If log10 5 = a and log10 3 = b then

(a) log30 8 = 3(1-a)/(b+1)

(b) log40 15 = (a+b)/(3-2a)

(c) log243 32 = (1-a)/b

(d) none of these

Solution:

Given log10 5 = a and log10 3 = b

We check all the given options.

log30 8 = log 23/log (3×10)

= 3 log 2/( log 3 + log 10)

= 3 log (10/5)/(1 + log 3)

= 3 (1 - log 5)/(1 + log 3)

= 3(1 - a)/(1+b)

Hence option a is correct.

log40 15 = log 15/log 40


= log(3×5)/log(10×4)

= (log 3 + log 5)/(1 + log 22)

= (log 3 + log 5)/(1 +2 log 2)

= (log 3 + log 5)/(1 +2 log (10/5))

= (log 3 + log 5)/(1 +2 (1 - log 5))

= (log 3 + log 5)/(1 +2 - 2 log 5)

= (b+a)/(3 - 2a)

Hence option b is correct.

log243 32 = log 32/log 243

= log 25/log 35

= 5 log 2/5 log 3

= log 2/log 3

= (1 - log 5)/log 3 (since log 2 = log (10/5) = log 10 - log 5 = 1 - log 5)

= (1-a)/b

So option c is correct.

Hence option a, b and c are correct.

Question 8: The value of

is

(a) 8

(b) 1

(c) 2

(d) none of these

Solution:
Hence option a is the answer.

Question 9: If log10 2 = a and log10 3 = b then log 60 can be expressed in terms of a and b as

(a) a+b+1

(b) a-b+1

(c) a-b-1

(d) a+b-1

Solution:

Given log10 2 = a and log10 3 = b

log 60 = log (10×2×3)

= log 10 + log 2 + log 3

=1+a+b

Hence option a is the answer.

Question 10: If A = log 2 log2 log4 256 + log√2 2, then A is equal to

(a) 2

(b) 3

(c) 5

(d) 7

Solution:

We use the property loga (m)n = n loga m

log2 log2 log4 256 + log√2 2 = log2 log2 log4 (4)4 + log√2 √22
= log2 log2 4 + 2(2)

= log2 log2 22 + 4

= log2 2 + 4

= 1+4 (loga a = 1)

=5

Hence option c is the answer.

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