Electricity and Magnetism

Electrical Power

Group 8
Members:
Dancel, Cheryl
Lopez, Via
Rabino, Jayrhon
Tubigan, Harold Charles

Submitted to:
Engr. Richmond Jett Marasigan, ECT, LPT
Introduction to Electrical Power
Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is consumed or produced. It is a critical
aspect of our modern world and is used to power homes, businesses, and industries. This handout
aims to provide a basic understanding of electrical power, how it is measured, and its
applications.

What is Electrical Power?

Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is consumed or produced. It is measured in
watts (W) and is denoted by the symbol 'P'. One watt is equivalent to one joule of energy per
second. Electrical power can be expressed as:
P = VI
Where P is the power in watts, V is the voltage in volts, and I is the current in amperes.
How is Electrical Power Measured?
Electrical power is measured using a device called a wattmeter. A wattmeter consists of two
coils, one for voltage and the other for current. The voltage coil is connected in parallel with the
load, and the current coil is connected in series with the load. The wattmeter measures the
product of the voltage and current and provides the power reading.

Types of Electrical Power

There are two types of electrical power, AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current). AC
power is used in most homes and businesses, while DC power is commonly used in electronics
and telecommunications.

The formula for electrical power is P = VI, where P represents power, V represents voltage, and I
represents current.
This formula is derived from the definition of power as the rate of energy transfer, and in
electrical systems, this is the rate at which electrical energy is consumed or produced. Voltage is
a measure of the electric potential difference, which drives the flow of electrical charge or
current through a circuit, and current is the flow of electrical charge.
The formula indicates that the power consumed or produced in a circuit depends on both the
voltage and the current. When the voltage increases or the current increases, the power consumed
or produced increases. This relationship is important to understand when designing electrical
circuits and selecting components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
In addition to the formula for electrical power, there are other formulas that can be used to
calculate power in specific situations. For example, the formula P = V^2 / R can be used to
calculate power in a circuit with a known resistance, and the formula P = I^2 x R can be used to
calculate power in a circuit with a known current and resistance.
Overall, understanding the formula for electrical power is crucial for designing and analyzing
electrical circuits and systems, and for ensuring the safe and efficient use of electrical power.

Applications of Electrical Power

Electrical power is used in a wide range of applications, including:
1. Home Appliances: Electrical power is used to power home appliances such as
refrigerators, air conditioners, and washing machines.
2. Industrial Applications: Electrical power is used in industries such as manufacturing,
mining, and transportation.
 3. Renewable Energy: Electrical power is used in renewable energy sources such as wind
turbines and solar panels.
4. Transportation: Electrical power is used in electric cars, trains, and airplanes.
5.
Conclusion
Electrical power is an essential aspect of our modern world and is used in a wide range of
applications. It is measured in watts and can be expressed as the product of voltage and current.
Understanding electrical power is crucial for maintaining and operating electrical systems.

Sample Problems
SET A
Problem 1: A device has a voltage of 10V and a current of 2A. What is the power consumed by
the device?
Solution 1: Using the formula P = VI, we get P = 10V x 2A = 20W. Therefore, the power
consumed by the device is 20 watts.
Problem 2: A motor has a power rating of 1000 watts and runs on a voltage of 120V. What is the
current drawn by the motor?
Solution 2: Using the formula P = VI, we can rearrange it to I = P/V. So, I = 1000W/120V =
8.33A. Therefore, the current drawn by the motor is 8.33 amperes.
Problem 3: A house has 10 light bulbs, each rated at 60 watts. If all the bulbs are switched on at
the same time, what is the total power consumption of the light bulbs?
Solution 3: The total power consumption of the light bulbs can be calculated by multiplying the
power rating of one bulb by the number of bulbs. Therefore, the total power consumption is 60W
x 10 = 600 watts.
Problem 4: An air conditioner draws a current of 5A when it is running on a voltage of 120V.
What is the power consumed by the air conditioner?

Solution 4: Using the formula P = VI, we get P = 120V x 5A = 600 watts. Therefore, the power
consumed by the air conditioner is 600 watts.
Problem 5: A circuit has a resistance of 10 ohms and a voltage of 50V. What is the power
consumed by the circuit?
Solution 5: The power consumed by the circuit can be calculated using the formula P = V^2/R.
So, P = 50V x 50V / 10 ohms = 250 watts. Therefore, the power consumed by the circuit is 250
watts.

SET B
Problem 1: A circuit has a resistance of 50 ohms and is connected to a voltage source of 100V.
What is the power consumed by the circuit?
Solution 1: Using the formula P = V^2 / R, we get P = 100V^2 / 50 ohms = 200 watts. Therefore,
the power consumed by the circuit is 200 watts.
Problem 2: A resistor has a value of 10 ohms and is connected to a voltage source of 20V. What
is the power dissipated by the resistor?
Solution 2: Using the formula P = V^2 / R, we get P = 20V^2 / 10 ohms = 40 watts. Therefore,
the power dissipated by the resistor is 40 watts.
Problem 3: A light bulb has a resistance of 60 ohms and is connected to a voltage source of
120V. What is the power consumed by the light bulb?
Solution 3: Using the formula P = V^2 / R, we get P = 120V^2 / 60 ohms = 240 watts. Therefore,
the power consumed by the light bulb is 240 watts.
Problem 4: A heater has a resistance of 20 ohms and is connected to a voltage source of 240V.
What is the power consumed by the heater?
Solution 4: Using the formula P = V^2 / R, we get P = 240V^2 / 20 ohms = 2,880 watts.
Therefore, the power consumed by the heater is 2,880 watts.
Problem 5: A speaker has an impedance of 8 ohms and is connected to an amplifier with an
output voltage of 10V. What is the power delivered to the speaker?
Solution 5: The formula P = V^2 / R can be modified for impedance as P = V^2 / Z, where Z is
the impedance of the speaker. Using this formula, we get P = 10V^2 / 8 ohms = 12.5 watts.
Therefore, the power delivered to the speaker is 12.5 watts.

SET C
Problem 1: A circuit has a resistance of 100 ohms and a current of 2A. What is the power
dissipated by the circuit?
Solution 1: Using the formula P = I^2 x R, we get P = 2A^2 x 100 ohms = 400 watts. Therefore,
the power dissipated by the circuit is 400 watts.
Problem 2: A resistor has a value of 20 ohms and a current of 5A. What is the power dissipated
by the resistor?
Solution 2: Using the formula P = I^2 x R, we get P = 5A^2 x 20 ohms = 500 watts. Therefore,
the power dissipated by the resistor is 500 watts.
Problem 3: A motor has a resistance of 2 ohms and a current of 10A. What is the power
consumed by the motor?
Solution 3: Using the formula P = I^2 x R, we get P = 10A^2 x 2 ohms = 200 watts. Therefore,
the power consumed by the motor is 200 watts.
Problem 4: A light bulb has a resistance of 50 ohms and a current of 0.5A. What is the power
consumed by the light bulb?
Solution 4: Using the formula P = I^2 x R, we get P = 0.5A^2 x 50 ohms = 12.5 watts.
Therefore, the power consumed by the light bulb is 12.5 watts.
Problem 1: A circuit has a resistance of 100 ohms and a current of 2A. What is the power
dissipated by the circuit?
Solution 1: Using the formula P = I^2 x R, we get P = 2A^2 x 100 ohms = 400 watts. Therefore,
the power dissipated by the circuit is 400 watts.
Problem 2: A resistor has a value of 20 ohms and a current of 5A. What is the power dissipated
by the resistor?
Solution 2: Using the formula P = I^2 x R, we get P = 5A^2 x 20 ohms = 500 watts. Therefore,
the power dissipated by the resistor is 500 watts.
Problem 3: A motor has a resistance of 2 ohms and a current of 10A. What is the power
consumed by the motor?
Solution 3: Using the formula P = I^2 x R, we get P = 10A^2 x 2 ohms = 200 watts. Therefore,
the power consumed by the motor is 200 watts.
Problem 4: A light bulb has a resistance of 50 ohms and a current of 0.5A. What is the power
consumed by the light bulb?
Solution 4: Using the formula P = I^2 x R, we get P = 0.5A^2 x 50 ohms = 12.5 watts.
Therefore, the power consumed by the light bulb is 12.5 watts.