BS EN 50522:2022

Earthing of power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c.

bsi.
BS EN 50522:2022 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 50522:2022. It
supersedes BS EN 50522:2010, which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee PEL/99, Erection and operation of power installations.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its committee manager.
The UK committee draws users' attention to National Annexes NA, NB
and NC, which provide further guidance to assist users in the application
of this standard.

Contractual and legal considerations

This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no
representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or
implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or wilt be
accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or
reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and
liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.
This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the
recipient's own risk.
The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with
respect to its use of this publication.
This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are
responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2023
Published by BS! Standards Limited 2023
ISBN 978 0 539 03985 6
ICS 29.120.50
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2023.

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected
 BS EN 50522:2022

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50522

NORME EUROPEENNE
EUROPAISCHE NORM March 2022

ICS 29.120.50 Supersedes EN 50522:2010 and all of its amendments

and corrigenda (if any)

English Version

Earthing of power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c.

Prises de terre des installations electriques de puissance en Erdung von Starkstromanlagen mil
courant altematif de tension sup8rieure a 1 kV Nennwechselspannungen Uber 1 kV

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2022-01-10. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the condrtions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French. German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees or Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Nethertands, Noiway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for ElectTotechnical Standardization

Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrntechnique
Europaisches K.omitee fur Elektrotechniscbe Normung

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2022 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved wortdwide for CENELEC Members.

Ref. No. EN 50522:2022 E

BS EN 50522:2022
EN 50522:2022 (E)

Contents Page

European foreword .................................................................................................................................... 5

1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 6
2 Normative references ................................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................. 8
4 Fundamental requirements ........................................................................................................ 15
4.1 General requlrements ................................................................................................................. 15
4.2 Electrical requirements .............................................................................................................. 15
4.2.1 Methods of neutral earthing ...................................................................................................... 15
4.2.2 Short-circuit current ................................................................................................................... 15
4.3 Safety criteria .............................................................................................................................. 15
4.4 Functional requirements ............................................................................................................ 16
5 Design of earthing systems ....................................................................................................... 16
5.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 16
5.2 Dimensioning with respect to corrosion and mechanical strength ...................................... 16
5.2.1 Earth electrodes .......................................................................................................................... 16
5.2.2 Earthing conductors ................................................................................................................... 16
5.2.3 Bonding conductors ................................................................................................................... 16
5.3 Dimensioning with respect to thermal strength ...................................................................... 17
5.3.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 17
5.3.2 Current rating calculation .......................................................................................................... 17
5.4 Dimensioning with regard to touch voltages ........................................................................... 19
5.4.1 Permissible values ..................................................................................................................... 19
5.4.2 Measures for the observance of permissible touch voltages ................................................ 20
5.4.3 Design procedure ....................................................................................................................... 21
6 Measures to avoid transferred potential .................................................................................. 23
6.1 Transferred potential from high voltage systems to low voltage systems .......................... 23
6.1.1 High and low voltage earthing systems ................................................................................... 23
6.1.2 LV supply only within HV substations ..................................................................................... 23
6.1.3 LV supply leaving or coming to HV substations ..................................................................... 23
6.1.4 LV in the proximity of HV substation ........................................................................................ 23
6.2 Transferred potentials to telecommunication and other systems ........................................ 24
7 Construction of earthing systems ............................................................................................ 25
7.1 Installation of earth electrodes and earthing conductors ...................................................... 25
7.2 Lightning and transients ............................................................................................................ 25
7.3 Measures for earthing on equipment and installations .......................................................... 25
8 Measurements ............................................................................................................................. 26
9 Maintainability ............................................................................................................................. 26
9.1 Inspections .................................................................................................................................. 26
9.2 Measurements ............................................................................................................................. 26
10 Inspection and documentation of earthing systems .............................................................. 26
Annex A (normative) Methods of calculating permissible touch voltages ....................................... 27
A.1 Method of calculating permissible touch voltages UTp ......................................................... 27

A.2 Method of calculating prospective permissible touch voltages UvTp················ .. ················28

A.3 Method of calculating permissible step voltages .................................................................... 29

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EN 50522:2022 (E)

Annex B (normative) Calculation of Permissible touch voltage Urp, Prospective permissible touch
voltage Uvrp ............................................................................................................................... 30
B.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 30
B.2 Calculation of permissible touch voltage ................................................................................ 30
B.3 Calculation of the permissible touch voltage Urp curve values of Figure 8 ....................... 30
B.4 Calculation of prospective permissible touch voltage ........................................................... 33
Annex C (normative) Type and minimum dimensions of earth electrode materials ensuring
mechanical strength and corrosion resistance ...................................................................... 35
Annex D (normative) Current rating calculation of earthing conductors and earth electrodes .... 37
Annex E (normative) Description of the recognized specified measures M.................................... 42
Annex F (normative) Measures on earthing systems to reduce the effects of high frequency
interference ................................................................................................................................. 45
Annex G (normative) Detailed measures for earthing of equipment and installations ................... 46
G.1 Fences around substation installations ................................................................................... 46
G.2 Pipes ............................................................................................................................................ 47
G.3 Traction rails ............................................................................................................................... 47
G.4 Pole mounted transforming and/or switching installations ................................................... 47
G.5 Secondary circuits of instrument transformers ...................................................................... 48
Annex H (normative) Measuring touch voltages ................................................................................. 49
Annex I (informative) Reduction factors related to earth wires of overhead lines and metal sheaths
of underground cables ............................................................................................................... 50
1.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 50
1.2 Typical values of reduction factors of overhead lines and cables (50 Hz) ........................... 51
1.3 Influence of the resistances to earth on current in cable sheath .......................................... 52
Annex J (informative) Basis for the design of earthing systems ...................................................... 53
J.1 Soil resistivity ............................................................................................................................. 53
J.2 Resistance to earth .................................................................................................................... 53
Annex K (informative) Installing the earth electrodes and earthing conductors ............................ 59
K.1 Installation of earth electrodes ................................................................................................. 59
K.1.1 Horizontal earth electrodes ....................................................................................................... 59
K.1.2 Vertical or inclined driven rods ................................................................................................. 59
K.1.3 Jointing the earth electrodes .................................................................................................... 59
K.2 Installation of earthing conductors .......................................................................................... 59
K.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 59
K.2.2 Installing the earthing conductors ........................................................................................... 59
K.2.3 Jointing the earthing conductors ............................................................................................. 60
Annex L (informative) Measurements for and on earthing systems ................................................. 61
L.1 Soil resistivity measurement and analysis .............................................................................. 61
L.1.1 lntroduction ................................................................................................................................. 61
L. 1.2 Soil resistivity measurement.. ................................................................................................... 61

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EN 50522:2022 (E)

L.1.2.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 61

L.1.2.2 Wenner Method ........................................................................................................................... 61
L.1.2.3 Guidance on appropriate Wenner spacings ............................................................................ 62
L.1.2.4 Sources of error .......................................................................................................................... 62
L.1.2.5 Seasonal variations .................................................................................................................... 62
L.1.3 Soil resistivity analysis .............................................................................................................. 62
L.1.3.1 General ......................................................................................................................................... 62
L.1.3.2 Uniform soil model ..................................................................................................................... 62
L.1.3.3 Two-layer soil model .................................................................................................................. 63
L.1.3.4 Multi-layer soil model ................................................................................................................. 63
L.2 Measurement of resistances to earth and impedances to earth ........................................... 63
L.3 Determination of the earth potential rise ................................................................................. 65
L.4 Measurements of touch voltage and prospective touch voltage .......................................... 66
L.5 Elimination of interference and disturbance voltages for earthing measurements ............ 70
Annex M (informative) The use of reinforcing bars in concrete for earthing purpose .................... 71
Annex N (informative) Global Earthing System ................................................................................... 72
Annex O (normative) Special national conditions ............................................................................... 73
Annex P (informative) A-deviations ...................................................................................................... 74
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................. 77

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 BS EN 50522:2022
EN 50522:2022 (E)

European foreword
This document (EN 50522:2022) has been prepared by CLC/TC 99X "Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC
(1,5 kV DC)".

The following dates are fixed:

latest date by which this document has to be (dop) 2023-01-10

implemented at national level by publication of
an identical national standard or by
endorsement
latest date by which the national standards {dow) 2025-01-10
conflicting with this document have to be
withdrawn

This document will supersede EN 50522:2010 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).

EN 50522:2022 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 50522:2010:

Text sections in italic which were indicating that the section is a copy of an IEC 61936-1 text replaced by
reference note to IEC 61936-1 due to copyright reasons.

Clause 3 is updated regarding touch voltages.

Improved figures in Clause 3 for distribution of earth fault currents.

The process of designing earthing system is clarified in 5.4 and Figure 9.

Rearranged Annex A and B including prospective permissible touch voltage and permissible step voltage.

Introduction of stainless steel in Annex C and Annex D.

More details and figures regarding fences in Annex G.

Enlarged table of reduction factors and application on cables in Annex I.

New figures in Annex J (J.4 and J.5).

Details on soil resistivity measurements and touch voltage measurements including flow chart in Annex L.

Clause 10 was Annex Min previous version.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users' national committee. A complete
listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.

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BS EN 50522:2022
EN 50522:2022 (E)

1 Scope

This document is applicable to specify the requirements for the design and erection of earthing systems of
electrical installations, in systems with nominal voltage above 1 kV AC and nominal frequency up to and
including 60 Hz, so as to provide safety and proper functioning for the use intended.
NOTE 1 The technical and procedural principles of this document can be applied when third parties' installations and
facilities are planned and/or erected in the vicinity of HV electrical power installations.

For the purpose of interpreting this document, an electrical power installation is considered to be one of the
following:
a) substation, including substation for railway power supply;

b) electrical power installations on mast, pole and tower;

switchgear and/or transformers located outside a closed electrical operating area;

c) one (or more) power station(s) located on a single site;

the electrical power installation includes generators and transformers with all associated switchgear and all
electrical auxiliary systems. Connections between generating stations located on different sites are
excluded;

d) the electrical system of a factory, industrial plant or other industrial, agricultural, commercial or public
premises;

e) electrical power installations on offshore facilities for the purpose of generation, transmission, distribution
and/or storage of electricity;

f) transition towers/poles between overhead lines and underground lines.

The electrical power installation includes, among others, the following equipment:
rotating electrical machines;

switchgear;

transformers and reactors;

converters;

cables;

wiring systems;

batteries;

capacitors;

earthing systems;

buildings and fences which are part of a closed electrical operating area;

associated protection, control and auxiliary systems;

large air core reactor.

NOTE 2 In general, a standard for an item of equipment takes precedence over this document.

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 BS EN 50522:2022
EN 50522:2022 (E)

This document does not apply to the design and erection of earthing systems of any of the following:
overhead and underground lines between separate installations;

electrified railway tracks and rolling stock;

mining equipment and installations;

fluorescent lamp installations;

installations on ships according to IEC 60092 (all parts) and offshore units according to
IEC 61892 (all parts), which are used in the offshore petroleum industry for drilling, processing and storage
purposes;

electrostatic equipment (e.g. electrostatic precipitators, spray-painting units);

test sites;

medical equipment, e.g. medical X-ray equipment.

NOTE 3 The standard EN 50341 series, Overhead lines exceeding AC 1 kV, specifies requirements for the design and
erection of earthing systems in overhead lines.

NOTE 4 The scope of this document does not include the requirements for carrying out live working on electrical power
installations.

NOTE 5 The scope of this document considers safety requirements for HV installations and its influences on LV
installations. For electrical installation up to 1 kV, the standard HD 60364 series applies.

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 60909 (series), Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems (IEC 60909 series)

EN IEC 62561-2, Lightning protection system components (LPSC) - Part 2: Requirements for conductors and
earth electrodes (/EC 62561-2)

HD 60364-1, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general

characteristics, definitions (/EC 60364-1)

IEC 60479-1 :2018, Effects o f current on human beings and livestock- Part 1: General aspects

IEC 61936-1 :2010, Power installations exceeding 1 kVa.c. - Part 1: Common rules

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BS EN 50522:2022
EN 50522:2022 (E)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 61936-1 :2010 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/

3.1
earth ring electrode
earth electrode embedded in the soil around a building or pole as a closed ring

3.2
effective touch voltage
touch voltage
Ur
voltage between conductive parts when touched simultaneously

Note 1 to entry: The value of the effective touch voltage could be appreciably influenced by the impedance of the person
in electric contact with these conductive parts.

Note 2 to entry: The person is touching the conductive parts with bare skin.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-05-11, modified]

[SOURCE: IEC 61936-1:2010, 3.7.14, modified- Note 2 added]

3.3
permissible touch voltage
Urp
limit value of touch voltage Ur

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 8.

3.4
prospective touch voltage
Uvr
voltage between simultaneously accessible conductive parts when those conductive parts are not being touched

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-05-09, modified]

[SOURCE: IEC 61936-1 :2010, 3.7.15, modified - note added]

3.5
prospective permissible touch voltage
Uvrp
limit value of prospective touch voltage Uvr

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EN 50522:2022 (E)

3.6
transferred potential
potential rise of an earthing system caused by a current to earth transferred by means of a connected conductor
(for example a metallic cable sheath, PEN conductor, pipeline, rail) into areas with low or no potential rise
relative to reference earth, resulting in a potential difference occurring between the conductor and its
surroundings

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.

[SOURCE: IEC 61936-1:2010, 3.7.17, modified- reference Figure 1 added]

3.7
global earthing system
equivalent earthing system created by the interconnection of local earthing systems that ensures, by the
proximity of the earthing systems, that there are no touch voltages exceeding permissible limit values

Note 1 to entry: Such systems permit the division of the earth fault current in a way that results in a reduction of the earth
potential rise at the local earthing system. Such a system could be said to form a quasi equipotential surface.

Note 2 to entry: The existence of a global earthing system may be determined by sample measurements or calculation for
typical systems. Typical examples of global earthing systems are in city centres: urban or industrial areas with distributed
low- and high-voltage earthing (see Annex N).

[SOURCE: IEC 61936-1:2010, 3.7.19, modified "that there are no touch voltages exceeding permissible limit
values" and Note 2 reference to Annex added]

3.8
system with isolated neutral
system in which the neutrals of transformers and generators are not intentionally connected to earth, except for
high impedance connections for signalling, measuring or protection purposes

[SOURCE: IEV 601-02-24, modified]

3.9
system with resonant earthing
system in which at least one neutral of a transformer or earthing transformer is earthed via an arc suppression
coil and the combined inductance of all arc suppression coils is essentially tuned to the earth capacitance of the
system for the operating frequency

Note 1 to entry: In case of no self-extinguishing arc fault there are two different operation methods used:

automatic disconnection;

continuous operation during fault localization process.

In order to facilitate the fault localization and operation there are different supporting procedures:

short term earthing for detection:

short term earthing for tripping;

operation measures, such as disconnection of coupled busbars;

phase earthing.

Note 2 to entry: Arc suppression coil may have high ohmic resistor in parallel to facilitate fault detection.

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BS EN 50522:2022
EN 50522:2022 (E)

3.10
system with low-impedance neutral earthing
system in which at least one neutral of a transformer, earthing transformer or generator is earthed directly or
via an impedance designed such that due to an earth fault at any location the magnitude of the fault current
leads to a reliable automatic tripping due to the magnitude of the fault current

[SOURCE: IEV 601-02-25, modified, 601-02-26, modified)

3.11
earth fault current
IF
current which flows from the main circuit to earth or earthed parts at the fault location (earth fault location)

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 to 7.

Note 2 to entry: For single earth faults, this is:

in systems with isolated neutral, the capacitive earth fault current,

in systems with high resistive earthing, the RC composed earth fault current,

in systems with resonant earthing, the earth fault residual current,

in systems with solid or low impedance neutral earthing, the line-to-earth short-circuit current.

Note 3 to entry: Further earth fault current could result from double earth fault and line to line to earth fault according to
EN 60909 (all parts).

[SOURCE: IEC 61936-1:2010, 3.7.25, modified- reference to Figures added]

3.12
current to earth
IE
current flowing to earth via the impedance to earth

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.

Note 2 to entry: The current to earth is the part of the earth fault current IF, which causes the potential rise of the earthing
system. For the determination of le see also Annex L.

3.13
reduction factor
r
factor r of a three-phase line is the ratio of the current to earth over the sum of the zero sequence currents in
the phase conductors of the main circuit (r = IE I 3 10) at a point remote from the short-circuit location and the
earthing system of an installation

3.14
horizontal earth electrode
electrode which is generally buried at a depth of up to approximately 1 m. It can consist of strip, round bar or
stranded conductor and can be laid out to form a radial, ring or mesh earth electrode or a combination of these

3.15
cable with earth electrode effect
cable whose sheaths, screens or armourings have the same effect as a horizontal electrode consisting of bare
round earth-wire

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 BS EN 50522:2022
EN 50522:2022 (E)

3.16
foundation earth electrode
conductive structural embedded in concrete which is in conductive contact with the earth via a large surface

[SOURCE: IEV 826-13-08, modified)

3.17
potential grading earth electrode
conductor which due to shape and arrangement is principally used for potential grading rather than for
establishing a certain resistance to earth

Wilhoul Wrlh·
polenlial grading polenhal grading

Reference earth
(1n sufficient B
d1s1ance)
I
I
'M
S1·:--.
.
si'·• E
1m S3
1m 1m Cable having a conllnous metalhc
sheath ,nsulaled throughout but wilh
bolh ends exposed Sheath IS
connected lo earth al the substation.

Key
E Earth electrode
S1, S2, S3 Potential grading earth electrodes (e.g. ring earth electrodes), connected to the earth electrode E
UE Earth potential rise
Uvs Prospective step voltage
Uvr Prospective touch voltage
A Prospective touch voltage resulting from transferred potential in case of single side cable sheath earthing
B Prospective touch voltage resulting from transferred potential in case of cable sheath earthed on both sides
<p Earth surface potential

Figure 1 - Example for the surface potential profile and for the voltages in case of current carrying
earth electrodes

11
BS EN 50522:2022
EN 50522:2022 (E)

(1- re) 3 lo

Rea

Reference earth

Equivalent circuit

a: 1,
31,,
- Phase cond uctor

!,, (1· , , ) 3 lo Earth wire

Earthing system
'le Je !Rs
;_

Z,,, R,. Z,,,

• Js.s • Reference earth

!J=3lo+lN ? . e = - - - - -1 For equal earth wire tower

!e = re · (!F - &) - 1+ n - 1 footing impedances of the
overhead lines
J:!e =le· �E Res Z,,.
Key
3 fc Three times zero sequence current of the line
[N Current via neutral earthing of the transformer
[F Earth fault current
lE Current to earth (cannot be measured directly)
lRs Current via the resistance to earth of the mesh earth electrode
rE Reduction factor of the overhead line
Res, Resx Resistance to earth of the mesh earth electrode
ReT Resistance to earth of the tower
z,,. Chain impedance (several number of towers with resistance to earth, ReT) represents a value of the
overhead line assumed to be infinite
Impedance to earth
Earth potential rise
Number of overhead lines leaving the substation (here: n = 2)

Figure 2 - Example for currents, voltages and resistances for an earth fault in a transformer
substation with low impedance neutral earthing

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 BS EN 50522:2022
EN 50522:2022 (E)

L3
L2
L1
t Lc-1..2 t Lc-L3

Key
lF Earth fault current
le Capacitive earth fault current (complex value, including ohmic component)

NOTE le may include ohmic component.

Figure 3 - Earth fault current in a system with isolated neutral

L3
L2
► - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

_. _____ ---- -------- ----. ------- ----- ---- . -------, L1

:·'' ----. -. --------- ------- -. ----··:''
''

-f Lif
'
''
'
''
''
Vh

Key
lF Earth fault current
le Capacitive earth fault current (complex value, including ohmic component)
h Sum of the currents of the parallel arc-suppression coils (complex value, including ohmic component)
lH Harmonic current (different frequencies)
lRES Earth fault residual current

NOTE lR is the ohmic part of the complex value of <1e+ Jt).

Figure 4 - Earth fault current in a system with resonant earthing

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BS EN 50522:2022
EN 50522:2022 (E)

L3
L2
L1
/"
I . .\

r1,I 1!
I I :
'r j -/ " k1 + i

I i i
.. ........................,.,•¼; _ , , , ' .,,'11\v'.r.. _,,,. _;r,

L F = f" k1
Key
IF Earth fault current

f \1 Initial symmetrical short-circuit current for a line-to-earth short circuit

NOTE If le is in the same order as tk ,this current shall be considered additionally.

Figure 5 - Earth fault current in a system with low impedance neutral earthing

- L3
L2

_._ +l RES
L1

==
(+f"
=:=
c. c.
I
L ii. k1)
I'r _ k1
I + I"

l F = l RES after a short time L" k1

Key
IF Earth fault current

[RES Earth fault residual current

l"k, Initial symmetrical short-<:ircuit current for a line-to-earth short circuit

Figure 6 - Earth fault current in a system with resonant earthing and temporary low impedance
neutral earthing

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 BS EN 50522:2022
EN 50522:2022 (E)

--
.--.------------------ L3
L2
L1
I
I

l
T -I" kEE
I
I
I
I

Faultlocati on 1
'-- --
l F = f' kEE
---
----------

Key
!F Earth fault current
!"kEE Double earth fault current

Figure 7 - Double earth fault current in a system with isolated neutral or resonant earthing

4 Fundamental requirements

4.1 General requirements

This document provides the criteria for design, installation, testing and maintenance of an earthing system such
that it operates under all conditions and ensures the safety of human life in any place to which persons have
legitimate access. It also provides the criteria to ensure that the integrity of equipment connected and in
proximity to the earthing system is maintained.
The requirements of IEC 61936-1 :2010, 4.1.1 first and second paragraph apply.
4.2 Electrical requirements

4.2.1 Methods of neutral earthing

The requirements of IEC 61936-1 :2010, 4.2.1 apply.

4.2.2 Short-circuit current

The requirements of IEC 61936-1:2010, 4.2.4 paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and NOTE 1 apply.

The rated duration should be determined taking into consideration the fault clearance time described in
IEV 448-13-15.
4.3 Safety criteria

The requirements of IEC 61936-1:2010, 10.2.1 paragraph 1 and 2 apply.

For installation design, the curve shown in Figure 8 is calculated according to the method defined in Annex A
and Annex B.
The requirements of IEC 61936-1:2010, 10.2.1 NOTE apply.
The curve in Figure 8, which gives the permissible touch voltage, shall be used.
The requirements of IEC 61936-1:2010, 10.2.1 paragraph 5 apply.
See A.3.

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