PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

(Professional Elective-II)

COURSE FILE

III B. Tech II SEMESTER

Regulation-R-18

ACADEMIC YEAR 2023 – 2024

1
 INSTITUTE LEVEL:

Vision
To evolve into a center of excellence in Science & Technology through creative and
innovative practices in teaching-learning, promoting academic achievement & research
excellence to produce internationally accepted competitive and world class professionals
whoare psychologically strong and emotionally balanced imbued with social consciousness
and ethical values.
Mission
To provide high quality academic Programmes, training activities, research facilities and
opportunities supported by continuous industry - institute interaction aimed at
employability, entrepreneurship, leadership and research aptitude among students and
contribute to the economic and technological development of the region, state and nation.

DEPARTMENT LEVEL:
Vision

To impart knowledge and excellence in Civil Engineering with global perspective and to
make the students ethically, psychologically strong and emotionally balanced engineers to
build our nation.

Mission

To train the students with the best teaching-learning process in transforming them into
outstanding professionals with research aptitude and leadership skills which prepare the
innovative minds of budding engineers to face the future challenges through continuous
industry-institute interaction.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)S

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

PO1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.

PO2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate review research literature and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principle of
mathematics, natural science and engineering science.

PO3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems

and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.

PO4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and

research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions. 2
PO5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.

PO6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.

PO7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.

PO8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.

PO9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

PO10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.

PO11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one's own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

PO12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIONVES (PEOs):

PEO 1: Professional Excellence:

To impart proficiency in engineering knowledge and skills to analyze, design, build, maintain
or improve civil engineering-based systems.
PEO 2: Understanding Socio – Economic Aspects:

To offer broad education and practical skills so that the students can carry out technical
investigations within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, societal, safety
and sustainability.

PEO 3: Technical Collaboration:

To impart ability to collaborate with and function on multidisciplinary teams to offer

engineering solutions to the society.

PEO 4: continued Self – Learning:

To create interest in the students to engage in life – long learning in advanced areas of civil
engineering and related fields.

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PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs):

A graduate of the Civil Engineering Program will demonstrate:

PSO 1: Engineering Fundamentals: Graduates shall demonstrate sound knowledge in

analysis, design, laboratory investigations and construction aspects of Civil Engineering
infrastructure, along with good foundation in mathematics, basic sciences and technical
communication.

PSO 2: Broadness and Diversity. Graduates will have a broad understanding of economic,
environmental, societal, health and safety factors involved in infrastructural development,
and shall demonstrate ability to function within multidisciplinary teams with competence in
modern tool usage.

PSO 3: Self – Learning and Service: Graduates will be motivated for continuous self –
learning in engineering practice and/ or pursue research in advanced areas of Civil
Engineering in order to offer engineering services to the society, ethically and responsibly.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 Prestressing is the techniques often used in bridges and other structural elements for
longer span and hearer loads.
 This subject covers various aspects of prestressing and design techniques to give the
student an overall exposure in the analysis and design of Prestressed concrete
structures.
 Be able to perform analysis and design of prestressed concrete members and
connections.
 Be able to identify and interpret the appropriate relevant industry design codes.
Outcomes
 To become familiar with professional and contemporary issues in the design and
fabrication of prestressed concrete members.

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 Course Outcomes:

1. At the end of the course, the student will be able to: Able to design prestressed
concrete structures.
2. Understand the concepts of pre-stressing in concrete structures and identify the
Materials for pre-stressing.
3. Analysis of sections for flexure and shear
4. Understand the concepts of transfer of prestress in pretensioned members
5. Analysis of composite beams and importance of deflections

UNITWISE LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UNIT I:
 Understands the importance of pre-stressed concrete and types of pre-stressing.
 Summarize the types of prestressing methods.

UNIT II:

 Provides information regarding characteristics of materials adopted in pre-stressed

concrete structures.
 To understand how prestressing force is imparted to structural elements by different
methods and devices.
 To understand how prestressing force is imparted to structural elements by different
methods and devices
 Calculate the Loss of prestress in pre-tensioned and posttensioned members.
 Compute’s losses of prestess due to Relaxation of stress in steel.
 Compute slip in anchorage, frictional losses.
UNIT III:
 To recognize the tendon profiles in beams, analyze beams foe flexure.
 To know the Elastic design of PSC beams of rectangular and I section- Kern line.
 Classification of Cable profile and cable layout.
 Discuss the general consideration.
 Describe Analysis of rectangular and I beams for shear.
 Design of shear reinforcements as per Indian Standards provisions.
 Describe the effects of using inclined or parabolic cables and methods of improving
shear.

UNIT IV:

 Discuss transmission of prestressing force by bond.

 Discuss the importance of Transmission length and flexural bond stresses.
 Understand the importance of the post tensioned members, stress distribution in End
block.

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  To understand the importance of Guyon, Magnel, Zielinski and Rowe’s methods,
Anchorage zone reinforcement, BIS Provisions.
UNIT V:
 Analyze different Types, Propped and Unpropped, stress distribution.
 Discuss differential Shrinkage Analysis of Composite beams general design consideration.
 Analyze Importance of control of deflections, Factors influencing deflections.
 Discuss short term deflections of uncracked beams.
 To understand long time deflections, BIS code requirements.
 Discuss short term deflections of uncracked beams.
 Discuss short term deflections of uncracked beams.

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 SYLLABUS
CE611PE: PRESTRESSED CONCRETE (Professional Elective – II)
B.Tech. III Year II Sem. L T/P/D C 3 0/0/0 3

Pre-Requisites: Reinforced Concrete Design

Course Objectives: The objectives of the course are to
o Understand the principles & necessity of prestressed concrete structures.
o Know different techniques of prestressing.
o Get the knowledge on various losses of prestress.
o Understand Analysis and design of prestressed concrete members.
Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course student should be able to
o Acquire the knowledge of evolution of process of prestressing.
o Acquire the knowledge of various prestressing techniques.
o Develop skills in analysis design of prestressed structural elements as per the IS codal Provisions

UNIT I:
Introduction:
Historic development- General principles of prestressing pretensioning and post tensioning-
Advantages and limitations of Prestressed concrete- General principles of PSC Classification and
types of prestressing- Materials- high strength concrete and high tensile steel their characteristics.
UNIT II:
Methods and Systems of prestressing: Pretensioning and Post tensioning methods and systems
of prestressing like Hoyer system, Magnel Blaton system, Freyssinet system and Gifford- Udall
System-Lee McCall system.
Losses of Prestress: Loss of prestress in pretensioned and post tensioned
members due to various causes like elastic shortage of concrete, shrinkage of concrete, creep of
concrete,relaxation of stress in steel, slip in anchorage, frictional losses.
UNIT III:
Flexure: Analysis of sections for flexure- beams prestressed with straight, concentric, eccentric, bent
andparabolic tendons- stress diagrams- Elastic design of PSC slabs and beams of rectangular and I
section- Kern line – Cable profile and cable layout.
Shear: General Considerations- Principal tension and compression- Improving shear resistance of
concrete by horizontal and vertical prestressing and by using inclined or parabolic cables- Analysis
of rectangular and I beam for shear – Design of shear reinforcements- IS Code provisions.
UNIT IV:
Transfer of Prestress in Pretensioned Members: Transmission of prestressing force by bond –
Transmission length – Flexural bond stresses – IS code provisions – Anchorage zone stresses in
posttensioned members – stress distribution in End block – Analysis by Guyon, Magnel,
Zienlinski and Rowe’s methods – Anchorage zone reinforcement- IS Provisions
UNIT V:
Composite Beams: Different Types- Propped and Unpropped- stress distribution- Differential
shrinkage-Analysis of composite beams- General design considerations.
Deflections: Importance of control of deflections- Factors influencing deflections – Short
termdeflections of uncracked beams- prediction of long-time deflections- IS code
requirements.

REFERENCES:
1. Prestressed concrete by Krishna Raju, Tata Mc Graw Hill Book – Co. New Delhi.
2. Design of prestress concrete structures by T.Y. Lin and Burn, John Wiley, New York.
3. Prestressed concrete by S. Ramamrutham Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.
4. Prestressed Concrete by N. Rajagopalan Narosa Publishing House.

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 LECTURE PLAN

SUBJECT- PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRCUTURES (PE-II)

AY: 2023-2024 R18 B. TECH CIVIL ENGG.
B.Tech. III Year II Sem. L T/P/D C Course Code: CE611PE

Sl. No of Teaching Animation/

Name of the Topic Resources
No periods methodology PPT
UNIT- I
1 Introduction:Historic development 2 T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk PPT
2 General principles of prestressing T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk PPT
pretensioning and post tensioning-
2
Advantages and limitations of
Prestressed concrete-
3 General principles of PSC T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk PPT
Classification and types of 1
prestressing
4 Materials- high strength concrete T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk PPT
and high tensile steel their 1
characteristics.
Total No of Classes = 06
UNIT- II
Methods and Systems of prestressing
5 Pretensioning methods 1 T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk PPT
6 Post tensioning methods 1 T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk PPT
7 Magnel Blaton system, Freyssinet T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk PPT
1
system
8 Gifford- Udall System- Lee McCall T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk PPT
2
system
9 Losses of Prestress: Loss of T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk PPT
prestress in pretensioned and
1
post tensioned members
10 Elastic shortage of concrete, 1 T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
Shrinkage of concrete, creep T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
11 1
ofconcrete
Relaxation of stress in steel & slip T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
12 2
inanchorage
Frictional losses. T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
13 1
Total No of Classes = 11
UNIT-III
Flexure
14 Analysis of sections for flexure- T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
1 PPT
beams prestressed with straight
15 Analysis of beams prestressed with T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
1
concentric loading
16 Problem on concentric loading stress T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
1
diagrams
17 Elastic design of beams of rectangular T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
2
sections
18 Elastic design of beams of I sections 1 T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
19 Kern line – Cable profile and cable 1 T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
8
 layout.
20 Shear: General Considerations- Principal T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk PPT
2
tension and compression
21 Improving shear resistance of concrete T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
by horizontal prestressing-Inclined 1
Cables
22 Improving shear resistance of concrete T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
1
by vertical prestressing-Parabolic Cables
23 Analysis of rectangular shear 1 T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
24 Analysis of I beams for shear 2 T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
25 Design of shear reinforcements- IS Code T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
1
provisions.
Total No of Classes = 15
UNIT-IV
Transmission of prestressing force by T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk PPT
26 1
bond
Transmission length – Flexural bond T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
27 stresses 2
Anchorage zone stresses in post T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
28 1
tensioned members
29 stress distribution in End block 1 T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
Analysis by Guyon method T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
30 1
Analysis by Magnel method T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
31 1
Analysis by Zienlinski method T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
32 1
Analysis by Rowe’s methods T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
33 1
Anchorage zone reinforcement- IS T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
34 Provisions 2

Total No of Classes = 11
UNIT- V
Propped and Unpropped- stress T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
35 2 PPT
distribution
Differential shrinkage- - General design T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
36 2
considerations
Deflections: Importance of control of T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
37 deflections- Factors influencing 2
deflections
38 Short term deflections of uncracked 3 T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
beams
39 prediction of long-time deflections- IS 2 T1, T2 & T3 Chalk & Talk
code requirements.
40 Example Problems 2

Total No of Classes = 10
REFERENCES:
1. Prestressed concrete by Krishna Raju, Tata Mc Graw Hill Book – Co. New Delhi.
2. Design of prestress concrete structures by T.Y. Lin and Burn, John Wiley, New York.
3. Prestressed concrete by S. Ramamrutham Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.
4. Prestressed Concrete by N. Rajagopalan Narosa Publishing.
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VIGNAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
Department of Civil Engineering
B. Tech III Year II Semester-R-18 AY:2023-2024
Subject Name: PRESTRESSED CONCRETE (Professional Elective – II Subject Code: CE611PE

Unit-I
Introduction: Historic development- General principles of prestressing pretensioning and post tensioning-
Advantages and limitations of Prestressed concrete- General principles of PSC Classification and types of
prestressing- Materials- high strength concrete and high tensile steel their characteristics.
C P
Sl.No [2M,3M & 10M] Questions Marks BTL
O O
1.a What is the Basic principle of Prestressed concrete? 2 1 1 1
b State any two advantages of prestressed concrete over reinforced concrete? 3 1 1,7 2
c What are the characteristics of high tensile steel and concrete? Explain? 10 1 1,8 2
2.a) Where do you adopt circular prestressing? 2 1 1 1
b) Explain the principle of prestressed concrete. 3 1 1 1
c) Explain the following terms briefly:
a. Pre-tensioning & Post-tensioning
b. Tendon & Anchorage
10 1 1,7 2
c. Full Prestressing, Partial & Moderate Prestressing
d. Eccentric Prestressing & Concordant Prestressing
e. Uniaxial, Bi-axial & Tri axial Prestressing
3.a) Differentiate Prestressed Concrete Over Reinforced Concrete. 2 1 1,8 2
b) What is the necessity of using high strength concrete & high strength tensile
3 1 1 1
steel? Explain.
c) Explain in detail the types of prestressing. 10 1 1,7 2
4.a) What is a tendon & What are the sources of prestress? 2 1 1 1
b) Explain the various pretensioning and post tensioning methods? 3 1 3,4 1
c) Describe in detail about the advantages & limitations of Prestressed concrete. 10 1 1,3 2
5.a) Why did the early attempts in prestressing using ordinary mild steel fail? 2 1 2 1
b) Explain in detail about the Durability, Fire resistance and cover requirements for
3 1 1,7 4
PSC members?
c) Describe about the history & Development of Prestressed Concrete? 10 1 1,7 3
6 a) What are the grades of concrete to be used in pre tensioned and post tensioned
2 1 1 1
works?
b) Discuss briefly about General principles of PSC. 3 1 1,2 2
c) i) Explain about the materials of Prestressed concrete?
ii) State & describe different types of prestressing. 10 1 1,7 4
UNIT II
Methods and Systems of prestressing: Pretensioning and Post tensioning methods and systems of prestressing like
Hoyer system, Magnel Blaton system, Freyssinet system and Gifford- Udall System- Lee McCall system.
Losses of Prestress: Loss of prestress in pretensioned and Post tensioned
members due to various causes like elastic shortage of concrete, shrinkage of concrete, creep of concrete, relaxation
of stress in steel, slip in anchorage, frictional losses.
Sl.No C P
[2M,3M & 10M] Questions Marks
O O
BTL
1.a What is anchorage slip? How do you compute the loss of stress due to anchorage
2 2 5 1
slip?
b A concrete beam is post tensioned by a cable carrying an initial stress of 1000
N/mm2. The slip at the jacking end was observed to be 5 mm. The modulus of
elasticity of steel is 210 kN/mm2. Estimate the percentage loss of stress due to 3 2 2 3
anchorage slip if the length of the cable is
a). 30m & b). 3m.
 c Explain in detail about post-tensioning systems with neat diagrams. 10 2 1,7 4
2.a) Define the following?
1. creep of concrete
2. Axial prestressing.
2 2 1 1
3. loss due to Anchorage slip
4. shrinkage loss
5. Wobble effect
b) “Post tensioned members do not suffer loss of stress due to elastic deformation
3 2 2 1
of concrete”. Why?
c) A post-tensioned concrete beam, 100mm wide and 300mmdeep, is prestressed
by 3 cables, each with a cross sectional area of 50mm2 and with an initial stress
of 1200N/mm2.All the three cables are straight and located 100mm from the
soffit of the beam. if the modular ratio is 6, calculate the loss of stress in the 10 2 4 3
three cables due to elastic deformation of concrete for only the following cases:
a) Simultaneous tensioning and anchoring of all three cables;
b) Successive tensioning of the three cables.
3.a) How do you compute loss of stress due to elastic deformation of concrete? 2 2 2 1
b) Describe briefly Freyssinet system of post tensioning with neat sketch? 3 2 4 1
c) A Prestressed pretensioned beam of 200mm wide and 300mmdeep is used over a
span of 10m is prestressed with a wires of area 300 mm2 at an eccentricity of 60
mm carrying a prestress of 1200N/mm2. Find the percentage of loss of stress, 10 2 1 1
Ec=35kN/mm2, Shrinkage of concrete=30x10-6, creep coefficient=1.6.
4.a) How do you compute loss of stress due to elastic deformation of concrete in post
2 2 2 1
tensioned members with several cables which are successively tensioned?
b) Explain in detail about the pre-tensioning systems with neat diagrams. 3 2 1 4
c) A prestressed concrete pile, 250mm square, contains 60 pretensioned wires, each
of 2mm diameters, uniformly distributed over the section. The wires are initially
tensioned on the prestressing bed with a total force of 300 kN. Calculate the final
stress in concrete and the percentage loss of stress in steel after all losses. Given, 10 2 4 2
Es=210 kN/mm2, Ec=32 kN/mm2 Shortening due to creep=30x10-6 mm/mm per
N/mm of stress, Total shrinkage=200x10-6 per unit length, Relaxation of steel
stress= 5 percent of initial stress.
5.a) List the various types of losses of prestress in pretensioned and post tensioned
2 2 1 2
members.
b) A post tensioned concrete beam of rectangular section 100mm wide and 300mm
deep, is stressed by a parabolic cable with zero eccentricity at the supports and an
eccentricity of 50mm at the centre of span. The area of the cable is 200mm2 and
3 2 4 2
the initial stress in the cable is 1200N/mm2. If the ultimate creep strain is 30x10-
6
mm/mm per N/mm2 off stress and modulus of elasticity of steel is 210mm2,
compute the loss of stress in steel only due to creep of concrete.
c) a. Explain the loss of stress due to friction with the help of neat sketch.
b. A concrete beam AB of span 12m is post tensioned by a cable which is
concentric at supports A and B has an eccentricity of 200mm in the mid third span
5+5 2 1 4
with a linear variation towards the supports. If the cable is tensioned at the jacking
end A, what should be the coefficient of friction between the cable duct and
concrete as 0.55 and the friction coefficient for the wave effect as 0.0015/m.
6 a) What is relaxation of stress in steel? How do you account for it in prestressed
members? 2 2 4 1
b) How do you compute the loss of stress due to curvature and wobble effect? 3 2 2 1
c) i) A concrete beam is prestressed by a cable carrying an initial prestressing force
of 300kN. The cross-sectional area of the wires in the cable is 300mm2.
Calculate the percentage of loss of stress in the cable only due to shrinkage of
concrete using IS: 1343 recommendations assuming the beam to be i)
Pretensioned ii)Post tensioned. 2+8 2 4 3
Assume Es=210kN/mm2andageofconcreteattransfer is 8days.
ii) A Prestressed concrete2 beam 200mm wide and 300 mm deep is prestressed
with wires(area= 320mm ) located at a constant eccentricity of 50mm & carrying
an initial stress of 1000 N/mm2. The span of the beam is 10m: calculate the
percentage loss of stress in wires if,
 a) The beam is pretensioned
b) The beam is post tensioned.
Using the following data: Es= 210KN/mm2, Ec=35 KN/mm2
Relaxation of steel=5% of initial stress, creep coefficient=1.6,
Slip in anchorage=1mm
Frictional coefficient for wave effect=0.0015 per m
Shrinkage of concrete=300 x 10-6 for pretensioning and 200 x 10-6 for post
tensioning

UNIT III
Flexure: Analysis of sections for flexure- beams prestressed with straight, concentric, eccentric, bent and parabolic
tendons- stress diagrams- Elastic design of PSC slabs and beams of rectangular and I sections- Kern line – Cable
profile and cable layout.
Shear: General Considerations- Principal tension and compression- Improving shear resistance of concrete by
horizontal and vertical prestressing and by using inclined or parabolic cables- Analysis of rectangular and I beams
for shear – Design of shear reinforcements- IS Code provisions.
Sl.No C P BT
[2M,3M & 10M] Questions Marks
O O L
1.a What are tendon splices? Sketch some common types of tendon splices. 2 3 1 2
b Compare the flexure failure of conventional RC beam with PSC beam. 3 3 1 4
c A rectangular concrete beam of 100mm wide by 250 mm deep spanning over 8m
is prestressed by a straight cable carrying an effective prestressing force of 250
KN located at an eccentricity of 40mm. The beam supports a live load of 1.2 10 3 4 3
KN/m. Calculate the resultant stress distribution for the central c/s of the beam.
The density of concrete is 24 KN/m3.
2.a) What are the types of flexural failure encountered in prestressed concrete
2 3 1 1
member?
b) Distinguish between web shear and flexural shear cracks in PSC concrete beams
3 3 1 4
with neat sketch.
c) A post tensioned girder with Unbonded tendons is of box section of overall
dimensions 1200mm wide by 1800mm deep, with wall thickness of 150mm. The
high tensile steel has an area of 4000mm2 and is located at an effective depth of
10 3 4 3
1600mm. The effective prestress in steel after the losses is 1000 N/mm2 and the
effective span of the girder is 24m. fck=40N/mm2and fp=1600N/mm2. Estimate
the ultimate flexural strength of the section.
3.a) What are the assumptions in prestressed concrete members under flexure? 2 3 1 1
b) How do you estimate the ultimate shear strength of PSC sections with flexure
3 3 2 2
shear cracks?
c) A PSC beam of effective span 16m is of rectangular section 400mm wide and
1200mm deep. A tendon consists of 3300mm2 of strands of characteristic
strength of 1700N/mm2 with an effective prestress of 910N/mm2. The strands
10 3 4 3
are located 870mm from the top face of the beam. If fck=60N/mm2. estimate the
flexural strength of the section as per IS1343 provisions for the following cases:
(i) Bonded Tendons (ii) Unbonded tendon
4.a) What is strain compatibility method? 2 3 1 1
b) Differentiate parabolic tendon and straight tendon with diagrams. 3 3 1 4
c) A pretensioned T section has a flange width of 300mm and200mm thick. The
width and depth of the rib are 150mm and350mm respectively. The effective
depth of cross section is 500mm .Given Ap=200mm2, fck=50N/mm2 and 10 3 4 3
fp=1600N/mm2. Estimate the ultimate moment capacity using the IS code
regulations.
5.a) Write the IS code provisions in the shear design of PSC members. 2 3 1 1
b) Enumerate the Permissible stresses in steel and concrete as per I.S.1343 Code. 3 3 1 4
c) A post tensioned concrete T beam with unbounded tendons is made up of a flange
300mm wide and 150mm thick and width of rib is 150mm. The effective depth of
section is 320mm.The beam is prestressed by 24 wires each of 5 mm diameter 5+5 3 4 3
having the characteristic strength of 1650 N/mm2. The effective stress after loss is
900N/mm2. If the cube strength of concrete is 56 N/mm2. Estimate the flexural
 strength of the section using IS code Take L/d=20.
6 a) What is a pressure line and effective reinforcement ratio? 2 3 1 1
b) Sketch the cross section of PSC beam showing reinforcement designed for shear. 3 3 1 3
c) The cross-section of a symmetrical I-section prestressed beam is 500 mm by 650
mm (overall), with flanges and web 150mm thick. The beam is post-tensioned

by cables containing 45 wires of 5 mm diameter high-tensile steel wires at an 10 3 4 3

eccentricity of 250 mm. The 28-days strength of concrete in compressing is 40
N/mm2and the ultimate tensile strength of wires is 16500 N/mm2. Assuming that
the grouting of the tendons is 100 percent effective, determine the ultimate
moment of the section as per IS 1343.
UNIT IV
Transfer of Prestress in Pretensioned Members: Transmission of prestressing force by bond –Transmission
length – Flexural bond stresses – IS code provisions – Anchorage zone stresses in post tensioned members – stress
distribution in End block – Analysis by Guyon, Magnel, Zienlinski and Rowe’s methods – Anchorage zone
reinforcement- IS Provisions
Sl.No C P
[2M,3M & 10M] Questions Marks
O O
BTL

1.a Define Transmission length. What are the factors affecting Transmission length? 2 4 1 1
b Explain with sketches the effect of varying ratio of depth anchorage to the depth
3 4 1,7 3
of end block on the distribution of bursting tension.
c The end block of a post tensioned concrete beam 300 mm X 300 mm is
subjected to a concentric anchorage force of 800kN by a Freyssinet anchorage
10 4 4 2
system of area 1100 mm2. Discuss and detail the anchorage reinforcement for
the end block.
2.a) Define the terms (i) end block
(ii) Anchorage zone 2 4 1 1
(iii) Bursting tension
b) What is flexural bond stress? How to calculate flexural stress in cracked and
3 4 1 2
uncracked members?
c) The end block of a PSC beam with rectangular cross section is100 mm wide
and 200mm deep. The prestressing force of100 kN is transmitted to the
concrete by a distribution plate of100mm x 50mm, concentrically loaded at the
10 4 4 3
ends. Calculate the position and the magnitude of tensile stress on the
horizontal section through the centre and edge of the anchor plate. Compute the
bursting tension on the horizontal planes.
3.a) Define Bursting tension 2 4 1 1
b) Write about the Magnel’s method and Guyon’s method for end block. 3 4 1 2
c) Using Guyon's Method, compute the position and magnitude of maximum tensile
stress and bursting tension for the end block with concentric anchor force of
10 4 4 3
100kNfor beam of cross section 100mm wide and 200mm deep. The anchor plate
is of 100mm wide and 50mm deep.
4.a) Explain bond stresses with neat diagrams. 2 4 1 2
b) Outline the methods by which the bond between concrete and steel tendons can be
3 4 1 2
improved.
c) A post tensioned prestresses concrete rectangular beam240mm wide by 500mm
deep is grouted before the application of Live load. The steel consists of 3-
tendons, each made up of 12 no’s of 7 mm diameter wires encased in within
metallic hose of 30mm diameter with an effective cover of 50mm.The modulus
10 4 4 3
of elasticity of steel and concrete are 210 & 35 KN/mm2 respectively. The beam
spans 10m and supports two concentrated loads of 250 KN each at third points.
Compute the unit bond stress between 1. Each wire and grout 2. The house and
the concrete.
5.a) Discuss briefly the IS: 1343 provisions for bond and transmission length. 2 4 1 2
b) Sketch the pattern of reinforcement in anchorage zone.
3 4 1 1
 c) Design the bearing plate & end zone reinforcement for the following bonded
post tensioned beam. The strength of concrete at transfer is 50N/mm2. A
prestressing force of 1055 KN is applied by a single tendon. There is no
5+5 4 3 6
eccentricity of the tendon at the ends.
The top flange & bottom flanges of beam is 400mm wide, 100mm thick, the rib
of 100mm thick and 400mm deep.
6 a) Define the stress distribution in the end block. 2 4 1 1
b) What is the zone of transmission in the end block of prestressed concrete
3 4 1 1
structures?
c) The end block of a post tensioned concrete beam 300 mm X 300 mm is
subjected to a concentric anchorage force of 2800 kN by a Freyssinet
10 4 4 2
anchorage system of area 117200 mm2. Discuss and detail the anchorage
reinforcement for the end block.
UNIT V
Composite Beams: Different Types- Propped and Unpropped- stress distribution- Differential shrinkage- Analysis
of composite beams- General design considerations.
Deflections: Importance of control of deflections- Factors influencing deflections – Short term deflections of
uncracked beams- prediction of long-time deflections- IS code requirements.

Sl.No Mark C P
[2M,3M & 10M] Questions BTL
s O O
1.a List out the effects of prestressing the indeterminate structures? 2 5 1 1
b Describe how to achieve compositeness between precast and cast in-situ part? 3 5 1 3
c Explain Mohr’s theorem to determine the short-term deflections of uncracked
10 5 1,7 2
members.
2.a) Define a composite beam? 2 5 1 1
b) List the advantages and disadvantages of composite prestressed concrete beams 3 5 1 2
c) Design a composite slab for the bridge deck using a standard inverted T-
section. The top flange is 300 mm wide and 110 mm thick. The bottom flange
is 550 mm wide and 250 mm thick. The web thickness is 100mm and the
overall depth of the inverted T. Section is 655mm. The bridge deck has to
support a characteristic imposed load of 50kN/m2, over an effective span of 10 5 3 6
12m. Grade 40 concrete is specified for the precast pretensioned T-with a
compressive strength at transfer of 36 N/mm2. Concrete of grade-30 is used for
the in-situ part. Calculate the minimum prestress necessary and check for safety
under serviceability limit state.
3.a) How do you compute the shrinkage and resultant stresses in composite members? 2 5 1 2
b) Write step by step design procedure for composite construction. 3 5 1 1
c) Explain how long-term deflections are predicted in prestressed members. 10 5 1 2
4.a) What are cap cables and where they are used? 2 5 1 1
b) Explain the method of computing the ultimate shear strength in composite PSC
3 5 1 3
members.
c) A precast pre tensioned beam of rectangular section has a breadth of 100mm
and depth of 200mm. The beam with an effective span of 5m is pre stressed by
the tendons with their centroids coinciding with the bottom kern. The initial
force in the tendons is 150kN. The loss of prestress is 15%. The top flange
10 5 4 3
width is 400mmwith the thickness of 40mm.If the composite beam supports a
live load of 7kN/m2 calculate the resultant stresses developed if the section is
Unpropped. M40 and M20 concrete are used for pretensioned and in-situ
concrete.
5.a) What are the factors Influencing deflections? 2 5 1 1
b) Describe about shear connectors in composite construction? 3 5 1 2
c) Explain the term primary moment, secondary moment and resultant moment. 5+5 5 1 2
6 a) Define propped construction in composite PSC construction? 2 5 1 1
b) Explain the tendon reaction with neat sketches. 3 5 1 2
c) A prestressed concrete beam of rectangular section 120 mm wide and 300 mm
deep, spans over 6m.the beam is prestressed by a straight cable carrying an
effective force of 200kNat an eccentricity of 50mm. the modulus of elasticity of
concrete is3 8kN/m2. Compute the deflections at centre span for the following 10 5 4 3
case:
(i) Deflection under prestress and self-weight;
(ii) Find the magnitude of udl live load which will nullify the deflection due to
prestress and self-weight.

UNIT-I
OBJECTIVEQUESTIONS

1. The phenomena of development of internal tensile stresses in a concrete member by means

of tensioning devices are called as: ( )
a) Pre-tensioning
b) Post-tensioning
c) Prestressing of concrete
d) Thermo electric prestressing

2. The use of prestressed concrete in Europe and United states spread rapidly from ( )
a) 1945
b) 1935
c) 1933
d) 1944
3. The developments in the field of concrete mix design, gave compressive strength ranging
between: ( )
a) 30-70
b) 70-100
c) 35-45
d) 30-80
4. High strength concrete resists: ( )
a) Levelling
b) Bursting
c) Tangent moments
d) Trapezoidal moments

5. In high strength concrete, high modulus of elasticity in the beam is due to: ( )
a) Elastic and creep strains
b) Principle tensile stresses
c) Reinforced beams
d) Vibration
6. The structures of prestressed concrete are less liable to: ( )
a) Bending
b) Loading
c) Placing
d) Cracks

7. Which of the following concrete offers pleasant appearance and durability? ( )

a) Reinforced concrete
b) Prestressed concrete
c) Shrinkage concrete
d) Hardened concrete

8. The prestressing members have better ability of absorbing energy when the structures are
subjected to: ( )

a) Tensile loads
b) Axial loads
c) Bending loads
d) Impact loads

9. The loads of same intensities when subjected to structures, it increases: ( )

a) Life of material
b) Durability of material
c) Stiffness of material
d) Bending of material

10. The prestressed concrete flexural member under working load conditions offers superior
amount of: ( )
a) Flexibility
b) Rigidity
c) Transfer
d) Stability

Fill in the Blanks

11. The importance of using high strength concrete and high tensile steel was introduced by………
12. The use of prestressed concrete in Europe and United states spread rapidly from ……
13. The developments in the field of concrete mix design, gave compressive strength ranging
between ………
14. High strength concrete resists ……
15. In high strength concrete, high modulus of elasticity in the beam is due to ………
16. The structures of prestressed concrete are less liable to ………
17. Which of the following concrete offers pleasant appearance and durability ……?
18. The prestressing members have better ability of absorbing energy when the structures are
subjected to………
19. The loads of same intensities when subjected to structures, it increases………
20. The prestressed concrete flexural member under working load conditions offers superior
amount of………

KEY:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C A A A A B A A A B

11. Freyssinet 12. 1935 13. 70-100 14. Bursting 15. Elastic and creep strains 16. Cracks
17. Prestressed concrete 18. Impact loads 19. Life o f material 20 Rigidity

Unit-2
OBJECTIVEQUESTIONS
1. The tendons in the pretensioning system are tensioned between: ( )
a) Rigid anchorages
b) Hydraulic jacks
c) Concrete beds
d) Variable beams
2. When the concrete attains sufficient strength, which elements are released? ( )
a) Jacks

b) Casting bed
c) Tendons
d) Beams

3. Which is one of the systems used for pretensioning? ( )

a) Magnel-Blaton system
b) Freyssinet system
c) Gifford-Udall system
d) Hoyer’s long line method

4. Hoyer’s system of pretensioning is generally adopted for: ( )

a) Small scale members
b) Large scale members
c) Middle span members
d) End members

5. The transfer of prestress of concrete Is achieved by: ( )

a) Plates
b) Rings
c) Steel bars
d) Jacks

6. In post tensioning, the concrete units are cast by: ( )

a) Ducts
b) Jacks
c) Anchorages
d) Wedges

7. After the tensioning operation, the space between the tendons and the ducts are: ( )
a) Layered
b) Grouted
c) Cemented
d) Drilled

8. The Freyssinet system of post tensioning anchorages was developed in ( )

a)1934
b) 1935
c) 1939
d) 1936

9. The Freyssinet system of prestressing involves the arrangement of wires of number ( )

a) 10
b) 14
c) 12
d) 8

10. In Freyssinet system which element behaves as a guide ( )

a) Spiral spring
b) Hallow spring
c) Trapezoidal spring
d) Cable spring

Fill in the Blanks

11. The initial prestress in concrete with ongoing time under goes …………….
12. The loss in prestress is necessary to make an estimate of…………
13. Which of the following results in the reduction of stress in steel used for prestress ………….
14. The loss of stress due to creep of concrete can be estimated by………….
15. The loss of prestress due to elastic deformation of concrete depends on ………….
16. The term Ec in losses developed by elastic deformation is expressed as ………….
17. The shrinkage of concrete in prestressed members results in………….
18. The shrinkage of concrete is influenced by………….
19. Which of the following results in the reduction of stress in steel used for prestress ………….
20. The loss of stress due to creep of concrete can be estimated by ………….

KEY: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1
A A D B D A B C C A
11. Reduction 12. Design 13. Creep 14. Ultimate creep strain 15. Modular ratio and average stress
16. P/AcEc 17. Shortening 18. Type of cement 19. Creep 20. Ultimate creep strain

UNIT-III
OBJECTIVEQUESTIONS

1. The failure due to fracture of steel in tension in the beam is because of: ( )
a) Excess amount of steel reinforcement
b) Excess amount of prestressed concrete
c) Least amount of reinforcement
d) Least amount of prestressed concrete

2. If the concrete in tension zone get cracks will lead to development of: ( )
a) Principal stresses
b) Compression
c) Tensile stresses
d) Strain

3. The failure due to fracture steel in tension can be prevented by providing a steel reinforcement ( )
a) 0.15–0.2%
b) 0.20%–0.35%
c) 0.2%–0.6%
d) 0.6%–0.10%

4. In under reinforced section failure in the beam observes ( )

a) Excess elongation
b) Less elongation
c) Edge elongation
d) Mid span elongation

5. Due to excess elongation of steel, the neutral axis near the compression face gets: ( )
a) Increased
b) Decreased
c) Elongates
d) Crushes

6. Which type of deflections is observed in compression face during under reinforced section
failure ( )
a) Small deflections
b) Large deflections
c) Bondage deflections
d) Shrinkage deflections

7. The over reinforced section fails due to sudden crushing of ( )

a) Beam
b) Column
c) Concrete
d) Steel

8. The amount of steel provided in this section should not be greater than: ( )
a) Steel required
b) Concrete required
c) Water required
d) Tension required

9. Which one of the following is other mode of failure? ( )

a) Failure due to tension
b) Torsion failure
c) Reinforcement failure
d) Transverse shear failure

10. The failure due to other modes like transverse shear failure is mainly caused due to ( )
a) Principal stresses
b) Tensile stresses
c) Compressive stresses
d) Strain
Fill in the Blanks

11. The shear stress is a function of …………

12. The strength of concrete subjected to pure shear being nearly twice that in…………
13. The effect of maximum shear stress (τv) produces…………
14. In a prestressed concrete member, the shear stress is generally accompanied by…………
15. The major principal stress produced on diagonal plane is expressed as…………
16. The ultimate shear resistance for any given section, vc should be least of values…………
17. What should be provided if the shear force due to ultimate load is less than the shear force of the
concrete …………
18. The spacing provided for shear reinforcement is given as: …………
19. When the shear force due to ultimate loads is less than 0.5 times shear force of concrete then shear
reinforcement is…………
20. When v > vc condition exits, then the shear reinforcement provided includes which extra terms than
actual spacing equation…………

KEY: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C C A A A B C A D A

11. Shear force and Cross section 12.Tension 13. Principal tensile stresses
14. Direct stresses 15. fx +fy/2–1/2((fx–fy)2+4τv2)1/2 16. Vcw and vcf 17. Shear reinforcement,
18. Sv = (Asv0.87fy/0.4b) 19. Not provided 20. fy, dt, v, vc

UNIT-IV
OBJECTIVEQUESTIONS

1. The magnitude of bond stresses is developed between ( )

a) Concrete and steel
b) Aggregate sand steel
c) Water and steel
d) Bricks and steel

2. The bond stress is zero at the distance equal to the ( )

a) Tensile length
b) Span length
c) Transmission length
d) Anchorage length

3. The relations proposed by Marshall for bond stress are given as ( )

a) (τbp) x=(τbp)maxe-4ψx/ϕ
b) (τ bp) x=(τ bp)maxe-4ψx
c) (τbp) x=(τbp)maxe-4ψ
d) (τbp) x=(τbp)maxe-4

4. According to Marshall the wires of 2 and 5mm diameter are stressed to ( )

a) 1500 and 1700n/mm2
b) 1575 and 1100n/mm2
c) 1400 and 1800n/mm2
d) 1250 and 1600n/mm2

5. The magnitude of the average bond stress compared to the maximum local bond stress
is considerably ( )
a) Less
b) More
c) Zero
d) Constant

6. The transmission length required to attain uniform stress distribution in prestress member is
acquired through ( )
a) Zero bond stress
b) Middle bond stress
c) Safe bond stress
d) Edge bond stress
 7. The transmission length mainly depends upon how many factors ( )
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 12

8. The expression for transmission length based on wedge action is given as ( )

a) Lt=ϕ/2μ(1+μc)(αc/μs-fpi/Ec)(fpe/2fpi-fpe)
b) Lt=ϕ/2μ(1+μc)(αc/μs-fpi/Ec)

c) Lt=ϕ/2μ(1+μc)
d) Lt=ϕ/2μ

9. The transmission length is predicted considering the equation parameters varying

from ( )
a) 90to150ϕ
b) 100to200ϕ
c) 80to160ϕ
d) 20to60ϕ

10. Which one of the empirical formulae is used for predicting transmission length ( )
a) Lt = ((fcu)1/2 x 103/β)1/2
b) Lt = ((fcu)1/2 x 103/β)
c) Lt = (fcu)1/2 x 103)
d) Lt = (fcu)1/2
Fill in the Blanks

1. What are necessary to prevent failure at the end zones, in the transfer zone of pretensioned
beams…………
2. The designed anchorage zone in the main reinforcement using transverse stress distribution should
with stand the …………
3. The arrangement of reinforcement in end blocks like links, loops, helices, mats are placed
in…………
4. During zone of transmission prestressing force is applied through the anchor plate at …………
5. Which are formed due to the horizontal, vertical and shear stresses induced at zone of transmission:
…………
6. The Zielinski and Rowe conducted experiments on concrete prismatic specimens using the technique
…………
7. The parameters considered for concrete prisms are …………
8. The distribution of transverse stress and ultimate load of the end block is not affected by……
9. The Zielinski and Rowe developed empirical relations for computation of…………
10. The equation for maximum tensile stress, fmax is given as……………

KEY: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A C A B A A B A C A
11. Reinforcements 12. Bursting tension 13. Perpendicular directions 14. Centre 15. Trajectories
16. Surface strain 17. Cross-sectional area 18. Anchorage material 19. Maximum transverse tensile
stress 20. Fc (0.98-0.825 (ypo/yo)

UNIT-V
OBJECTIVEQUESTIONS
1. The most common type of composite construction consists of ( )
a) I beams
b) T beams
c) L beams
d) U beams

2. The dead weight of the deck can be considerably reduced by using ( )

a) Stirrups
b) Foundation
c) Reinforcement
d) Voids

3. The spans exceeding 30m for large span composite bridge decks the precast concrete unit
consists of ( )
a) J sections
b) K sections
c) T sections
d) Rectangular sections

4. The precast prestressed I and T beams have been standardized by ( )

a) Cement and concrete association
b) American standard association
c) British standard association
d) Indian standard association

5. The use of prestressed concrete tie beams in a reinforced concrete truss reduces ( )
a) Spacing
b) Cross section
c) Curing properties
d) Cost

6. Reinforced and prestressed concrete truss generally used for spans ranging from ( )
a) 18 to 36m
b) 14 to 30m
c) 20 to 30m
d) 11 to 19m

7. The dead load stress developed in the precast prestressed units can be minimized by ( )
a) Wedging
b) Anchoring
c) Propping
d) Tensioning

8. The main advantage of composite member is ( )

a) Ease of work
b) Decreased workability
c) Increased depth of foundation
d) Decreased depth of foundation

9. The precast double tees are used in ( )

a) Balcony
b) Parking structure
 c) Balcony & Parking structure
d) None of the mentioned

10. The depth variation for L shaped composite beams is ( )

a) 2 to 3feet
b) 6 to 8feet
c) 14 to 16 feet
d) 2 to 6 feet

Fill in the Blanks

11. The short-term deflections are also known as………….

12. Which of the following is the equation given Mohr’s first theorem ………….
13. Which of the following is the equation given by Mohr’s second theorem ………….
14. Which of the following deflections are directly obtained by Mohr’s second area theorem ………….
15. The problems involving unsymmetrical loading can be solved by ………….
16. The deformation of prestressed members changes with time as a result of…………..
17. The deflection of prestressed members can be computed relative to given……..
18. The prestressed concrete member develops deformation under the influence of………….
19. The net curvature ϕt at a section at any given stage is given as ………….
20. The section of sustained transverse loads under compressive stress distribution in the concrete
changes with………….

KEY: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B D C A B C A B A A
11. Instantaneous, 12. Area of bending moment deflection / flexural rigidity, 13. Moment of area of bending
moment diagram / flexural rigidity, 14. Simply supported beam, 15. Mohr’s theorem, 16. Creep and
shrinkage, 17. Datum, 18. Prestress and transverse loads, 19. ϕt=ϕmt+ϕpt 20.Time
Code No: 118DV R13
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year II Semester Examinations, April - 2018
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.

Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B
consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question carries 10
marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.
Use IS 1343 Code Books.

PART - A
25 Marks
1.a) What is pre-tensioning and post-tensioning? [2]
b) What are the materials used for PSC and why? [3]
c) Explain the terms loss of pre-stress. [2]
d) Briefly explain about Slip in Anchorage. [3]
e) Define axial prestressing. [2]
f) Explain the concept of load balancing. [3]
g) What is anchorage zone? [2]
h) Briefly write about the problems in end block design? [3]
i) What are the major disadvantages of using composite beam? [2]
j) Explain the importance of controlling deflections in PSC beams? [3]

PART-B
50Marks
2.a) What are the main factors influencing the design of high strength concrete mixes?-
b) Discuss the advantages and limitations of prestressed concrete. [5+5]
OR
3. With neat sketches explain Hoyer System and Magnel System of prestressing. [10]

4. Explain various Losses of prestress in pre-tensioned and post-tensioned members and how
they are taken care in design? [10]
OR
5.a) A prestressed concrete girder is post-tensioned using a cable concentric at supports and
having an eccentricity of 400mm at centre of span. The effective span of the girder is 25m.
The initial force in the cable is 400kN at the jacking end A. Determine the loss of force in
the cable due to fricition and wave effect and the effective force in the cable at the farther
end B. Assume coefficient of fricition μ=0.30 and coefficient for wave effect k=0.0043/m.
b) A pre-tensioned prestressed concrete sleeper 300mm wide by 250mm deep is prestressed
using 9 wires of 7 mm diameter. Four wires are located at top and 5 wires near the soffit.
The effective cover being 40mm.The initial stress in the wire sis 1256N/mm2.Assuming the
modular ratio as 6,estimate the percentage loss of stress in the top and bottom wires due to
elastic deformation of concrete. [5+5]
6.a) Explain the relation between tendon profiles and equivalent loads in prestressed concrete
beam sections with sketches?
b) A rectangular concrete beam 100mm wide by 250mm deep spanning over 8m is prestressed
by a straight cable carrying an effective prestressing force of 250 kN located at an
eccentricity of 40mm. The beam supports a live load of 1.2kN/m (i) calculate the resultant
stress distribution for the central cross section of the beam. The density of concrete is
24kN/m3 (ii) find the magnitude of the prestressing force with an eccentricity of 40mm
which can balance the stresses due to dead and live loads at the bottom fibre of the central
section of the beam. [5+5]
OR
7. a) What are the different ways of improving the shear resistance of structural concrete
members by prestressing techniques?
b) The support section of a prestressed concrete beam 100mm wide by 250mm deep is
required to support an ultimate shear force of 60 kN. The compressive prestress at centroid
is 5 N/mm2, fck = 40 N/mm2, effective cover to reinforcement =50mm. If fy =415 N/mm2,
design suitable shear reinforcement in the section using IS: 1343 Code recommendations.
[5+5]

8. a) What is bursting tension? Explain with neat sketches the effect of varying the ratio of depth
of anchorage to the depth of end block on the distribution of bursting tension.
b) Explain in detail about the anchorage zone reinforcement with neat sketches. [5+5]
OR
9. The end block of a prestressed concrete beam in section is 150 mm wide and 400 mm deep.
An effective prestressing force of 400 kN is transmitted using a 150 × 120 mm distribution
plate, concentrically located at the ends. Compute the bursting force and maximum tensile
stress? Design the end block. Use Fe415 steel. [10]

10. A composite bridge deck is made up of an in situ cast slab 120mm thick and symmetrical I-
sections of precast pre-tensioned beams having flange width and thickness of 200 mm
and 110mm respectively.
Thickness of web=75mm. Overall depth of I section =500mm.Spacings of
I- beams = 750 mm centres. The modulus of elasticity of in situ slab concrete is
30kN/mm2.Estimate the stresses developed in the composite member due to a differential
shrinkage of 100 × 10-6 between the precast and cast in situ elements. [10]
OR
11. a) List the various factors influencing the deflections of prestressed concrete members.
b) Distinguish clearly between short term and long term deflections of prestressed concrete
beams. [5+5]

--ooOoo--
Code No: 118DV
R13
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year II Semester Examinations, December - 2020
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 2 Hours Max.Marks:75
Answer any Five Questions
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
---

1. Explain the following:

a) Pre tensioning systems and devises
b) Applications of pre tensioning. [8+7]

2. Discuss in detail any two Post tensioning systems along with their relative merits and
demerits. [15]

3. A cylindrical concrete tank, 40m external diameter is to be pre-stressed circumferentially

by means of a high strength steel wire jacked at four points, 90 degrees apart. If the
minimum stress in the wires immediately after tensioning is 600 Mpa and co-efficient is
0.5, take Es = 200Gpa. Calculate
a) The maximum stress to be applied to the wires at the jack and
b) The expected extension at the jack. [8+7]

4. Discuss in detail the various losses occurred in Post-tensioned members. [15]

5. The horizontal pre-stress at the centroid of a concrete beam of size 120mm×250mm is

8Mpa and the maximum shear force on the beam is 80kN. Calculate the maximum
principal tensile stress. What is the minimum vertical pre-stress required to eliminate this
principal tensile stress. [15]

6. A PSC beam of 200mm wide and 400mm deep is used over an span of 5m is pre-stressed
by a cable carrying a force of 800kN and located at an eccentricity of 50mm. The beam
supports three concentrated loads of 30kN at each quarter span points. Determine the
location of the pressure line in the beam at centre, quarter and support sections. Neglect
the moment due to self weight of the beam. [15]

7. A pre-tensioned beam of rectangular section, 230mm wide by 400mm deep, is pre-

stressed by 8 wires of 7mm diameter located at an eccentricity 100mm. The maximum
shear force at a section is 100kN. If the modular ratio is 6, calculate the flexural bond
stress developed. Assuming the section is uncracked. [15]

8. A concrete beam with cross section 120mm × 300mm is used to support a UDL of 3kn/m
over a span of 6m. The beam is pre-stressed by a straight cable carrying an effective pre-
stressing force of 180kn at an eccentricity of 50mm. Take Ec=38kN/mm2, The modulus
of rupture = 5Mpa, area of cable = 200mm2 and modular ratio = 6, Estimate the
deflections of the beam at following stages.
(a) working load (b) Cracking load. [7+8]

---ooOoo---
Code No: 118DV
R13
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year II Semester Examinations, July - 2019
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.
Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B
consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question carries 10
marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.
Code of IS 1343-2012 is permitted
PART - A
(25 Marks)

1.a) Mention different types of prestressing systems. [2]

b) Explain Magnel Blaton system of prestressing. [3]
c) How do you estimate the loss of prestress due to creep of concrete? [2]
d) What are the time dependent losses in prestressed concrete? [3]
e) What are the codal recommendations for shear reinforcement in PSC beams? [2]
f) Explain the different failure modes of PSC beams. [3]
g) Describe transmission length. [2]
h) Briefly explain the stress distribution in end block of post tensioned PSC members.
[3]
i) Explain the various factors influencing the deflection of PSC members? [2]
j) What are short term and long term deflection? [3]

PART - B
(50 Marks)

2. Explain with neat diagram hoyers long line method of prestressing system. [10]
OR
3. Explain briefly the difference between reinforced cement concrete and prestressed
concrete. [10]

4. A pre tensioned concrete beam 200mm wide and 300mm deep and span of 6m is initially
prestressed by a force of 400kN applied at a constant eccentricity of 70mm by tendons of
area 400 mm2. If Es = 2 × 10 5 N/mm 2 . Ec = 0.333 × 10 5 N/mm 2 , Creep co-efficient in
concrete = 2, shrinkage strain in concrete = 0.0002, stress relaxation in steel = 3%. Find the
percentage loss of stress in tendons. [10]
OR
5. A post tensioned rectangular beam 300mm × 600mm in section is prestressed with an
initial prestress of 950 N/mm 2 . There are four straight cables of each area 250 mm 2 . The
cable are situated at 100mm from the soffit. Determine the percentage loss of prestress due
to concrete. Assume the following :
a) Shrinkage strain in concrete = 2 × 10 4
b) Modular ratio = 6
c) Ultimate creep strain of the concrete = 4 ×10 6
The cables are pulled one by one. [10]
6. Using Fe 415 reinforcement, Design the shear reinforcement using IS recommendations for
the following data. B = 200mm: D= 300mm, Vu = 180kN: fck = 40N/mm 2 . Effective
cover = 50mm, compressive stress = 5 N/mm 2 . [10]
OR
7. A concrete beam of rectangular section 300mm × 800mm deep is prestressed by a
parabolic cable at an eccentricity of 120mm at mid span and zero at support. If the beam
has a span of 12m and carries a live load of 8 kN/m. Find the effective force necessary in
cable for zero shear stress at support section. For this condition, calculate the permissible
stresses. [10]

8. The end block of a post tensioned beam is 150 × 300mm in section. A cable comprising of
3 members of 12-7mm dia and stressed to 1200N/mm2 is anchored against the end block at
100 mm from the soffit of the beam. The anchorage plate is 75mm × 75mm. The cable
bears on the plate through a female cone of 30mm in dia. calculate the thickness of
anchorage plate and design the anchorage reinforcement. Given permissible shear stress in
steel plate is 100N/mm2. Use Fe415 steel and M30 grade concrete. Sketch the detailing of
reinforcement. [10]
OR
9. A PSC beam 300mm wide and 500mm deep has two anchorages of 150mm diameter with
the center at 125mm from top and bottom of the beam. The force transmitted by each cable
is 800kN. Estimate the maximum tension and bursting tension. [10]

10. A rectangular beam of span 10m is 200mm wide and 350mm deep. The beam is prestressed
by a parabolic cable having an eccentricity of 100mm below the central axis at mid span
and 25mm above the centroidal line at support section. The beam carries an UDL of
8kN/m. Ec = 38kN/mm2
a) Estimate the short term deflection neglecting the loss of prestress
b) Estimate the long term deflection assuming the loss of prestress as 15%. Assume the
creep co-efficient as 1.8. [10]
OR
11. A prestressed concrete beam has a symmetrical I – section with overall depth 320mm. Top
and bottom flange width = 160mm. The flange thickness = 70mm. The web is 50mm in
thickness and the span = 6m. It is prestressed with 182kN at a constant eccentricity of
105mm. Assume a loss of 15% in prestress. Compute the deflection due to
a) Prestress + self weight
b) Prestress + self weight + Live load of 15kN/m.
Ec = 38kN/mm2 [10]

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Code No: 118DV
R13
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year II Semester Examinations, June - 2018
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.

Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B
consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question carries
10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.

PART - A
(25 Marks)

1.a) Mention the composition of high strength steel. [2]

b) Difference between bonded and un bonded tendon. [3]
c) What are the time dependent losses in prestressed concrete? [2]
d) What is the percentage of anchorage loss in pre tensioned concrete? [3]
e) Explain the lower and upper kern points of PSC members. [2]
f) Define pressure line. [3]
g) Explain flexural bond stress. [2]
h) Define end zone reinforcement. [3]
i) Draw the stress diagram for a type II PSC beam at service stage. [2]
j) Explain the need for control of deflections. [3]

PART - B
(50 Marks)
2.a) Explain the systems of prestressing.
b) Explain the freyssinet anchorage system with the help of a neat sketch. [5+5]
OR
3.a) Explain the Gifford udall anchorage system with the help of a neat sketch.
b) Explain the historical development of prestressed concrete. [5+5]

4. Explain the different cases in elastic shortening loss in post tensioned concrete and
explain the friction loss and anchorage loss with its codal provisions. [10]
OR
5. A prestressed concrete beam 300mm wide and 600mm deep is prestressed with steel
wires of area 300mm2 provided at a uniform eccentricity of 60 mm and subjected to an
initial stress of 1100 N/mm2. The span of the beam is 14m. Find the percentage loss of
stress, if the beam is post tensioned. Assume that the wires are tensioned
simultaneously.
The following data may be used where applicable:
Es(steel) =2 × 105 N/mm2 , Ec(concrete) = 3 ×104 N/mm2
Shrinkage of concrete = 200 ×10-6
Ultimate creep strain of concrete = 25 × 10-6 per N/mm2
Relaxation of stress in steel = 5% of initial stress
Anchorage slip = 0.90mm
Friction coefficient for wave effect = 0.0015 per meter. [10]
6. A pre tensioned beam of rectangular section of 250mm × 550mm has an effective pre
stressing force of 900 kN with eccentricity varying from zero at end span to maximum
of 200 mm at mid span. It carries a service load of 25 kN/m over an effective span of
11m. Design shear reinforcement of the beam. Grade of concrete is M40. Assume
suitable data required. [10]
OR
7. A prestressed concrete beam 200mm × 300mm in section having a span of 10m and is
subjected to an UDL of 25 KN/m, including the self weight of the beam. The
prestressing tendons which are located along the longitudinal centroidal axis provide an
effective prestressing force of 1200KN. Determine the extreme stress in concrete at the
mid span. [10]

8. Explain the concept of Guyon’s method and Rowe’s method. [10]

OR
9. The end block of a rectangular PSC beam is 100 mm wide and 200 mm deep. A pre-
stressing force of 100 kN is transmitted to the concrete by a distribution plate 100mm
wide and 50 mm deep, concentrically placed at the ends. Design the end block using
Guyon’s method assuming the suitable data. [10]

10.a) Explain the factors influencing the deflections.

b) Differentiate between short term and long term deflections. [5+5]
OR
11. The cross section of a 6 m span composite beam consists of a 120 mm × 240 mm pre
cast stem and a cast in situ flange 480 mm × 50 mm. The stem is a post tensioned unit
which is subjected to an initial prestressing force of 230 kN. The loss of prestress is
15%. The tendons are provided such that their centre of gravity is 80mm above the
soffit. The composite beam has to support a live load of 4 kN/m. Determine the
resultant stresses in the stem and flange if the beam is a) Unpropped and b) Propped.
[10]

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Code No: 118DV R13
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year II Semester Examinations, May - 2017
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.
Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B
consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question carries 10
marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.
Assume any Data suitably if found necessary. Use of relevant IS Codes is permitted.

PART - A
(25 Marks)
1.a) Distinguish between Pre-tensioning and Post-tensioning. [2]
b) Explain the principle of prestressing. [3]
c) What is curvature effect? [2]
d) Explain the total amount of losses allowed in the design of pre-tensioning members. [3]
e) State the assumptions made in the analysis of prestressed concrete flexural members.[2]
f) Explain the concept of load balancing. [3]
g) What are the characteristics of an end block? [2]
h) Explain the salient features of Rowe’s method of analysis of an end block. [3]
i) What is the influence of differential shrinkage on composite prestressed concrete
members? [2]
j) Explain the importance of control of deflections of flexural members. [3]

PART - B
(50 Marks)
2.a) Explain the advantages of prestressed concrete.
b) Explain the Gifford- Udall system of prestressing. [5+5]
OR
3.a) Explain the limitations of prestressed concrete.
b) Explain the Lee McCall system of prestressing. [5+5]

4.a) Explain the different types of losses of prestress in pre-tensioned members.

b) A simply supported post-tensioned concrete beam of span 10 m has section
200 mm × 450 mm is subjected to an initial prestressing force of 300 kN applied at a
constant eccentricity of 75 mm by tendons of 250 mm2. Find the total loss of prestress in
the tendons using the following data: ES = 2×105 N/mm2, EC = 35 kN/mm2, anchorage
slip = 3 mm, creep coefficient of concrete = 1.5, shrinkage of concrete = 0.0002 and
relaxation of steel = 2%. [4+6]
OR
5.a) Explain the various losses of prestress in post-tensioned members.
b) Determine the total loss of prestress in a simply supported pre-tensioned concrete beam of
span 12 m and cross-section 250 mm × 500 mm. The beam is pre-stressed with 900 kN at
transfer. The steel cable has a cross-sectional area of 750 mm2 and has a straight profile
with an eccentricity of 150 mm. Use M40 grade of concrete and ES = 2×105 N/mm2.
[4+6]
6. Design an I-section for a simply supported post-tensioned concrete beam of span 12 m
subjected to an imposed load of 15 kN/m. Adopt the compressive stresses in concrete at
transfer as 18 N/mm2 and 15 N/mm2 at working load. Assume 20 % losses in prestress and
tensile stresses are not allowed in concrete. [10]
OR
7. Design an I-section for a simply supported post-tensioned concrete beam of span 18 m
subjected to an imposed load of 25 kN/m over its entire span. The permissible tensile
stress in steel is 1250 N/mm2 and the permissible stresses in concrete are:
At transfer : 20 N/mm2 (Compression) and 2.5 N/mm2 (Tensile)
At working load : 15 N/mm2 (Compression) and 1.5 N/mm2 (Tensile) [10]

8. A prestressing force of 400 kN is to be transmitted through a distribution plate

200 mm × 150 mm, the centre of which is located at 150 mm from the bottom of an end
block of section 200 mm × 400 mm. Determine the position and magnitude of maximum
tensile stress on a horizontal section passing through the centre of the distribution plate.
[10]
OR
9. Design an end block of a prestressed concrete beam of section 200 mm × 400 mm to
transmit the prestressing force of 400 kN by a distribution plate 200 mm× 200 mm
concentrically located at the ends. Also determine the maximum bursting force and the
maximum tensile stresses. [10]

10. A simply supported pre-tensioned concrete beam of cross-section 200 mm× 350 mm has
an effective span of 8 m, is prestressed by tendons with their centroid is 150 mm from the
bottom of the beam. The initial prestressing force in tendons is 400 kN. The beam is
incorporated in a composite T-beam by casting a top flange of width 450 mm and
thickness 60 mm. If the composite beam is subjected to a live load of 15 kN/m2, determine
the resultant stresses developed in the precast and cast-in-situ concrete assuming the pre-
tensioned beam is propped. Adopt the loss of prestress as 20% and the modulus of
elasticity of concrete in precast and cast-in-situ is the same. [10]
OR
11. Determine the maximum short-term and the long term deflections of a pre-tensioned
concrete beam of section 250 mm×500 mm has an effective span of 15 m. The beam is
prestressed by a parabolic cable carrying initial force of 600 kN at transfer. The cable is
concentric at the supports and has an eccentricity of 150 mm at its mid-span. The beam is
subjected to uniformly distributed live load of 15 kN/m in addition to two concentrated
loads of 50 kN each at quarter span points respectively. Adopt M40 grade of concrete, loss
of prestress as 20%, creep coefficient is 2 and the permanent load of the transverse load is
25%. [10]

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Code No: 118DV R13
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year II Semester Examinations, September - 2020
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any Five Questions

All Questions Carry Equal Marks
---
Use of Relevant IS codes is permitted.

1. Explain the various methods of prestressing the PSC members. [15]

2. Explain the Magnel Blaton system of prestressing. [15]

3. A post-tensioned cable of a PSC beam of span 15 m and section of 230 mm × 450 mm is

initially tensioned to a stress of 1250 N/mm2 at one end. The tendons with an area of
750 mm2 are curved and the slope is 1 in 25 at each end. Determine the total loss of
prestress using the following data: Coefficient of friction between the duct and the cable is
0.5 and the friction coefficient for wave effect is 0.0012/m. If 5 mm slip is noticed at the
jacking end during anchorage, obtain the final force in the cable and the percentage loss of
prestress due to friction and slip. [15]

4.a) Explain the different types of losses of prestress in post-tensioned members.

b) A simply supported pre-tensioned concrete beam of span 10 m has a cross-section
200 mm × 400 mm. The beam is pre-stressed with 500 kN at transfer. The steel cable has a
cross-sectional area of 1000 mm2 and has a straight profile with an eccentricity of 50 mm.
Determine the total loss of prestress if ES = 2×105 N/mm2 and EC = 35 kN/mm2. [15]

5. Design a rectangular post-tensioned concrete beam of span 15 m, subjected to an imposed

load of 20 kN/m. The stresses in concrete are not to exceed 25 N/mm2 in compression or
2.5 N/mm2 in tension. Assume the loss of prestress is to be 15%. [15]

6. Design the shear reinforcement for a simply supported post-tensioned beam of span 16 m.
The beam has a symmetrical I-section with the following details: Flanges 450 mm wide
and 100 mm thick, the thickness of the web is 100 mm and the total depth of the section is
600 mm. The beam is subjected to a dead load of 15 kN/m and a live load of 25 kN/m at
working load condition. It is subjected to an effective prestressing force of 1200 kN using
parabolic tendons with eccentricity is zero at the ends and 150 mm at the mid-span. Adopt
M40 grade of concrete, the stress in prestressing steel is 1250 N/mm2 and the yield stress of
stirrup steel is 500 N/mm2. [15]
7. Design an end block of a prestressed concrete beam of rectangular section
150 mm × 300 mm to transmit the prestressing force of 350 kN by a distribution plate
150 mm× 150 mm concentrically located at the ends. Also determine the maximum
bursting force and the maximum tensile stresses. [15]

8. A concrete beam of span 12 m has rectangular section, 200 mm × 400 mm, is prestressed
by a parabolic cable carrying an initial force of 300 kN. The cable has an eccentricity of
100 mm at the center of the span and is concentric at the supports. The beam is subjected to
uniformly distributed live load of 20 kN/m. Determine the maximum short term deflection.
Estimate the long term deflection at the mid-span if Ec is 35 kN/mm2, the creep coefficient
is 2.0 and the loss of prestress is 15% of the initial stress. [15]

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