Constant

Chapter 2
POLYNOMIALS
SUMMARY
> Constant: A symbol having a fixed
iscalled aconstant. numerical value < Types of polynomials
Variable: A symbol which has different numerical Polynomials are classified in two ways:
values is known as a variable. " On the basis of number of terms

Example: () Monomial: A polynomial containing one

(i) The perimeter of a rectangle is P = 2(1 + b), non-zero term is called monomial.
where
land bare length and breadth,
respectively of the Example: 5, 4x, 3,2 ,8xyare all monomials.
rectangle.
Here P, Iand b are variables and2is a (ii) Binomial: A polynomial containing two
constant. non-zeroterms is called binomial.
() For the expression, 3 + 8x, 5x - y; 3, 8, 5, - 1
are
Constants, x and y are said to be variables. 5
Algebraic Expressions: A colJection of Example: 2+ 5x,3-(4r
2
+3y), 2ry +zare
and variables connected by some or all the constants all binomials.
operations
t,-, xand is called an algebraic expression. (iin) Trinomial: A polynomial containing three
8 non-zero terms is called trinomial.
Example: 5 + 2r - r + 4ry - 6rñ is an algebraic Example: 2+ 5x+,4- 5x + x,xy + yz + zx
-8 are all trinomials.
expression containing five terms 5, 2x, IÁry and " On the basis of degree
8
-6xy inwhich 5,2,4and -6 are constarnts and x () Constant polynomial: A
3 polynomial of
degree zero is called constant polynomial.
and y are variables. 3
Polynomial: A polynomial p(r) in one variable x is Example:3,- 4, 2 etc. are constant polynomials.
an algebraic expression in xof the form
(i) Linear polynomial: A polynomial of
where do, lË, dz... a,, are constants and a, z 0. one is called a linear polynomial. degree
dy. 41, dz...a, are respectively the coefficients of , x, r, Example:2r +5,3y-8, etc.are
., ",and nis called the degree of the polynomial. (ii) Quadratic polynomial: Alinearpolynomials.
Each of a,r", a,-.., ao, with a, 0 is called a term degree two is called a quadraticpolynomial
polynomial.
of
of the polynomial pr). 1
* Degree of a polynomial Example: x + 6x + 9, y' + 3y,xy + yz + z
" Degree of polynomial in one variable: The etc. are quadratic polynomials.
highest power of the variable in a polynomial in (iv) Cubic polynomial: A polynomial of
one variable is called degree of the polynomíal. three is called a cubicpolynomial. degree
Example: 5r-3r+7r-2 +5 is a polynomial
in one variable of degree 4, because the highest Example: r+9+27x+27,4y-3ry +8ry + 31
power of variable x is 4.
Degree of a polynomial in two variables: The are cubic polynomials.
highest sum of the powers of the Variables in a (o) Biquadratic polynomial: A
polynomial is called degree of the polynomial in polynomial of
degree four iscalleda biquadratic
two variables. polynomial.
Example: x+2r + 5:+21+ 4ry + 5x7 is a Example: t-3a° +3-5x+x+-6xy
polynomial in two variables x andy of degree 5,
because the highest sum of powers of variables of are biquadratic polynomials.
term 5 : is 5. (vi) Zero polynomial: A polynomial 0 is
a zero polynomial. The degree of called
zero
 not defined becau_e
polynomial is
0= 0. = 0.x = 0.=0.r