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Lesson 6 Sanitary Drainage Systems

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49 views30 pages

Lesson 6 Sanitary Drainage Systems

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You are on page 1/ 30

SANITARY

DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS
JAYNE MARIN | MIKAELA ESPINA
BSCE 2-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS

6.1 ................................................................................. Pipe Design

6.2 ................................................................................ Floor Design

6.3 ............................................................................... Fixture Units

6.4 ................................................................ Sanitary Connections

6.5 .......................................................................... Cast Iron Piping

6.6 .................................................................................. Clean Outs

6.7 ........................................................... Waste and Vent Systems


OBJECTIVES

Recognize the importance of proper wastewater removal


in preventing the accumulation of contaminated water,
reducing the risk of waterborne diseases, and maintaining
a clean and sanitary environment.

Become familiar with various components of sanitary


drainage systems, including pipes, fittings, fixtures, vents,
and others.

Develop the ability to analyze drainage system problems,


such as clogs, leaks, and slow drains
SANITARY
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
Is a crucial network of pipes
and components designed to
remove wastewater from
buildings and safely dispose
of it.
PIPE DESIGN
Refers to the planning and creation of piping systems that safely
and efficiently transport fluids and gases within a building or
facility. These fluids can include potable water, wastewater,
compressed air, natural gas, chilled water for air conditioning, or
steam for heating.
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED TO ENSURE PROPER FUNCTION
OF THE PIPING SYSTEM
Type of Fluid or Gas: The properties of the substance being transported will influence the pipe
material selection, diameter, and pressure requirements.

Flow Rate and Pressure: The volume and pressure of the fluid or gas determine the pipe size and
pumping power required to maintain circulation.

Pipe Materials: Different materials like steel, copper, PVC, or concrete suit various fluids and
pressure conditions.

System Layout: The piping network is planned to optimize efficiency and minimize material usage.

Valves and Controls: Valves are essential for regulating flow, isolating sections for maintenance, and
ensuring system safety in case of emergencies.

Building Codes and Safety Standards: Pipe design adheres to relevant building and safety codes to
guarantee structural integrity and protect occupants from hazards like leaks or explosions.
PIPES THAT ARE COMMONLY USED IN THE
PHILIPPINES

PVC or Polyvinyl Chloride


This is a popular and cost-effective choice for drainage pipes due to its:
Durability: Resists corrosion from most wastewater chemicals.
Lightweight: Easier to handle and install compared to metal options.
Smooth surface: Promotes good flow and reduces buildup.

ABS or Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene


It shares many similarities with PVC but with some key differences:
Slightly less chemical resistant than PVC.
Easier to cut and assemble due to its solvent weld joints.
These are often used in:
Drain lines similar to PVC applications.
Venting applications due to their ease of assembly.
OTHER TYPES OF PIPES

CPVC or Chlorinated Concrete or Clay


Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes

Used for hot water drainage Used for large diameter building
due to its higher temperature sewers or external drainage
tolerance than standard PVC. applications.
FLOOR DESIGN
Floor design in sanitary drainage systems refers to the strategic
planning and construction of a building's floor to effectively
remove wastewater and maintain good hygiene.
PURPOSE OF FLOOR DESIGN
Direct Wastewater Flow: The floor design should slope strategically to channel wastewater from
fixtures (sinks, toilets, etc.) towards the drainpipes efficiently. This prevents stagnant water and
minimizes the risk of clogs.

Material Selection: The flooring material should be waterproof, easy to clean, and resistant to mold
and mildew growth in a damp environment.
COMMON FLOOR DESIGNS

Sloped Concrete Floors


This is the most common and practical approach in the Philippines for sanitary areas like
bathrooms and kitchens.
The concrete floor is sloped slightly towards the drain, typically at a rate of 1/4 inch per
foot (2% slope). This ensures proper drainage and minimizes the risk of water pooling.
A waterproofing membrane is often applied beneath the concrete layer to prevent
moisture from seeping into the substructure.
COMMON FLOOR DESIGNS

Raised Access Floors


Less common in the Philippines due to cost, but used in
some high-end applications.
These floors consist of raised panels supported by a
pedestal system. The space beneath the panels allows
easy access to pipes, wires, and other utilities for
maintenance or repair.
Can be made from materials like steel, composite panels,
or even wood with proper waterproofing. While they
offer good drainage, adequate sealing is crucial to
prevent moisture from damaging the under-floor
components.
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

1. Floor Finishes - Should be waterproof


and easy to maintain

2. Drain Placement - Placed in low points

3. Channel Drains - Might be used along


walls or in open shower areas
FIXTURE UNITS
Fixture units (FU) are a crucial concept in sanitary drainage design
used in the Philippines and around the world. They act as a unit of
measurement to estimate the drainage load placed on a sanitary
drainage system by various plumbing fixtures.
BENEFITS
OF USING
FIXTURE
UNITS

Standardized Design Optimum System Sizing Code Compliance

FUs provide a consistent method for By understanding the total drainage Following the FU values specified in
engineers to design drainage systems, load (sum of FU values), pipes with the NPCP helps ensure compliance
ensuring they can handle the expected the appropriate diameter and with building regulations and
wastewater flow from various fixtures. capacity can be selected to prevent promotes proper drainage system
clogs and ensure efficient wastewater function.
removal.
Fixture Fixture Unit (FU)

Water closet 3

Lavatory 1
EXAMPLE OF FIXTURE
UNITS IN THE Bath tub 2
PHILIPPINES
ACCORDING TO Shower 2

NPCP Kitchen sink (single


1.5
bowl)

Kitchen sink (double


2
bowl)
SANITARY CONNECTIONS
These are specialized connectors used in plumbing systems to
facilitate the flow of water, sewage, or other fluids while
maintaining sanitation and preventing contamination
IMPORTANCE OF SANITARY CONNECTIONS

Preventing Easy to
Contamination Clean

Corrosion Optimized
Resistance Flow
Clamps and Tri-Clamp Butt Weld Threaded
Ferrules Fittings Fittings Fittings
These fittings are used They are popular for These fittings are Threaded sanitary
to connect pipes and their ease of assembly welded directly onto fittings feature
secure them together. and disassembly, the pipe, creating a external or internal
They are widely used making them suitable smooth and seamless threads that allow
in industries where for applications that connection. easy connection
frequent disassembly require frequent without welding.
and cleaning are cleaning.
required.
CAST IRON PIPING
This is durable and is conveniently
installed in most of the plumbing
needs in buildings that are less
than 25 storeys high because
water usually leaks at joints due
to vibration.
CAST IRON
It is affected to a certain extent by
corrosion caused by the action of
carbon dioxide, sulfur oxide, and
methane gases forming a solution of
carbonic acid and sulphuric acid which
attack the metallic materials, causing a
slow chemical reaction or oxidation to
take place forming ferrous oxide,
called rusts.
TYPES OF CAST IRON

Service (SV) Extra Heavy


(XV)
Used for building Used for underground
installation installation
TWO MAJOR TYPES OF CAST IRON

Hub Cast Iron Spigot Cast Iron


CLEANOUTS
Screw type fittings with a cap that can unscrew
to allow access to the inside of the sanitary
drain pipes.

An opening in the drainage system used for the


removal of possible obstruction and located to
allow for access.
TWO TYPES OF CLEANOUTS

Floor Cleanouts
Found in horizontally positioned building drain or
sewer lines that are installed in the floor or in the
ground.

Wall Cleanouts
Placed in vertically positioned stacks. Should be
located no higher than 48 inches (1.2m) above the
floor.
CLEANOUTS ARE GENERALLY REQUIRED:

At the base of soil and waste stacks.

At the upper end of building drains.

At each change of direction of the horizontal building drainage system greater than
60 degrees; the total of the fittings between cleanouts shall not exceed 120 degrees.
SIZE OF CLEANOUTS
DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT SYSTEMS

The drain-waste-vent (DWV) system is one of


the most crucial. The job of the drain-waste
part of the system is to carry waste water and
sewage from sinks, bathtubs, showers, toilets,
and water-using appliances such as
dishwashers and washing machines and
deliver those wastes to the septic tank or
public sewer.
VENT SYSTEMS
part of the plumbing that is usually less well
known to most homeowners—is connected to
the drain-waste piping, and its job is to ventilate
sewage gases so they don’t build up in the
house. The vent system also helps drainpipes
maintain the right pressure for proper drainage.
SOURCES

Vinidex. (2023, January 26). Chemical Resistance of PVC Pipes. Retrieved from https://www.vinidex.com.au/technical-
resources/chemical-resistance/chemical-resistance-of-pvc-pipes/
Bausano. (2022, April 28). Why Should We Choose PVC Pipes Over Iron? Retrieved from [invalid URL removed].
Vinidex. (2023, January 26). PVC Temperature Considerations. Retrieved from https://www.vinidex.com.au/technical-
resources/pvc-pressure-pipe/pvc-temperature-considerations/
Deluxe Plumbing Supply. (2023, January 10). How Long Does Cast Iron Pipe Last? Retrieved from
https://www.deluxeplumbing.com/knowledge/how-long-does-cast-iron-pipe-last
This Old House. (2023, October 26). Types of Plumbing Pipes. Retrieved from
https://www.thisoldhouse.com/plumbing/reviews/types-of-plumbing-pipes
Raised Floor. (2023, January 19). What is Raised Access Flooring? Retrieved from https://www.raisedfloor.co.uk/what-is-
raised-access-flooring/
Computer Floor Pros. (2022, June 23). The Ultimate Guide to Raised Flooring Systems: Maintenance and Care. Retrieved
from https://www.computerfloorpros.com/blog/the-ultimate-guide-to-raised-flooring-systems-maintenance-and-care/
MarkWide Research. (2023). Philippines Ceramic Tiles Market. Retrieved from https://markwideresearch.com/philippines-
ceramic-tiles-market/
QMDrain. (2023, January 25). Linear Drain: Why Choose It? Retrieved from https://qmdrain.com/blog/linear-drain-why-
choose-it/
Pressbooks. (2021, January 18). Size Pipe for Sewers. Retrieved from
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/plumbing3a/chapter/size-pipe-for-sewers/
Department of Public Works and Highways. (2015). Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines. Retrieved from
https://www.scribd.com/document/389772667/Revised-National-Plumbing-Code-of-the-Philippines-1
Pressbooks. (2021, January 18). Size Pipe for Sewers. Retrieved from
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/plumbing3a/chapter/size-pipe-for-sewers/

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