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Physics Investigatory Fair Project

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EDWIN JEESON
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38 views13 pages

Physics Investigatory Fair Project

Uploaded by

EDWIN JEESON
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

PHYSICS PROJECT

Topic: AC Generator
Name : Edwin Jeeson George
Class : 12 B
Roll No. : 26
CONTENTS

Serial Index Page


No. No.

1. Certificate 3

2. Acknowledgement 4

3. Introduction 5

4. Principle of A.C Generator 6

5. Construction of A.C 7
Generator

6. Theory 8

7. Circuit Diagram 9

8. Working Of A.C Generator 10

9. Expression for instantaneous 11


E.M.F produced

10. Applications of A.C 12


Generators

11. Bibliography 13
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
UNITED INDIAN SCHOOL, KUWAIT

This is to certify that this project AC GENERATOR is done


by Edwin Jeeson George of class XII-B during the academic
year 2023-2024.

Dated: ______________ __________________


Teacher
United Indian School, Kuwait
Submitted for SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
CERTIFICATE PRACTICAL Examination held at United
Indian School, Kuwait

Dated: ______________ __________________


External Examiner

Page no 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere


thanks to my physics teacher Mrs. Leena Suresh in
providing a helping hand in this project. Her valuable
guidance and support and supervision all through this
project are responsible for attaining its present form.

Page no 4
INTRODUCTION

A.C Generator means Alternating current generator. It is a


device which is used to convert mechanical energy into electric
energy.

A.C Generator forces electric current to flow through an


external circuit. The source of mechanical energy maybe a
reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water falling through a
turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a wind
turbine, a hand crank, compressed air or any other source of
mechanical energy.

Page no 5
PRINCIPLE OF AC GENERATOR

It is based on the principle of electro magnetic


induction, i.e whenever amount of magnetic flux
linked with a coil changes, an e.m.f is induced in the
coil. The current induced is given by Flemming’s
right hand rule.

Page no 6
CONSTRUCTION OF AC
GENERATOR

The AC Generator consists of four main components, they are:-

The coil (Armature):


A rectangular coil ABCD consist of a large number of turns of
copper bound over a soft iron core is called armature. The soft
iron core is used to increase the magnetic flux.
Magnetic Field:
It is usually a permanent sponge magnet having concave poles.
The armature is rotated of a magnet so that axis of the armature
is perpendicular to magnetic field lines.
Slip Rings:
Slip rings are the magnetic rings which are connected in the
terminal of the armature. These rings are rotated with the coil
and these are use to draw the current from the AC Generator.
Brushes:
The brushes B1 and B2 just touch the slip rings. They are not
rotating with the coil and these brushes leads to the output of
load resistance.

Page no 7
THEORY

1. The strong magnetic field is produced by a current flow


through the field coil of the rotor.

2. The field col in the rotor receives excitation through the use
of slip rings and brushes.

3. Two brushes are spring-held in contact with the slip rings


to provide the continuous connection between the field coil
and external circuit.

4. The armature is contained within the windings of the stator


and is connected to the output

5. Each time the rotor makes one complete revolution, one


complete cycle of AC is developed.

6. A generator has many turns of wire wound into the slots of


the rotor.

7. Most generators are operated at a constant speed


therefore, the generated voltage depends on field
excitation, or strength.

Page no 8
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Page no 9
WORKING OF AN AC GENERATOR

The coil is rotated in anti – clockwise direction. In


the first half rotation the arm AB is moving outward
and cd is moving inward. So the emf is induced in
the arm AB from A to B. In the arm CD from C to
D. After half rotation (in the second half). The arm
CD is moving outward and AB is moving inward. In
this time current is induced in arm CD from D to C.
In arm AB to B to A. In the second half rotation the
current direction is changing so in this generator
AC is produced

Page no 10
EXPRESSION FOR
INSTANTANEOUS EMF PRODUCED

Let position of the coil at any time t. It makes an angle


theta with vertical. If W is uniform angular speed of the
coil.

Then θ = ωt

B be the strength of the magnetic field, n be the number


of turns in the coil and A area of the coil then magnetic
flux with the coil in this position is given by:

θ = nBA cos θ = nBA cosωt

By Faraday’s flux rule, the induced emf is given by:

ε= −dϕdt
ε = −ddt(NBAcosωt)
ε=NBAωsinωt
ε =ε sinωt

RESULT - ε = ε sinωt

Page no 11
APPLICATIONS OF AC GENERATOR

1. Aircraft auxiliary power generation, wind


generators, high speed gas turbine generators

2. Hybrid electric vehicle [HEV] drive systems,


automotive starter generators.

3. An AC generator, or ‘alternator’, is used to produce


AC voltages for transmission via the grid system or
locally as portable generators.

4. All of our household appliances run on ac current.

5. Ex: Refrigerator, washing machines, oven, lights, fan


etc.

6. The main advantage of AC generator is ease of


power distribution. It is more efficient to use high
voltage at home. It is easy to step up (and down) the
AC voltage using a transformer.

Page no 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Physics NCERT reader


https://www.vedantu.com/question-answer/draw-a-diagram-of-an-ac-generator-
and-describe-class-12-physics-cbse-5f502b16bb9e930be1943097

https://byjus.com/physics/ac-generator/

Page no 13

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