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AC Generator

The document is a physics investigatory project on A.C. Generators submitted by Prince Gupta from Air Force School Bamrauli. It covers the introduction, principle, construction, working, and applications of A.C. generators, along with a circuit diagram and relevant theories. The project is completed under the guidance of Mr. Manoj Kumar Srivastava and includes acknowledgments and a bibliography.

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47 views18 pages

AC Generator

The document is a physics investigatory project on A.C. Generators submitted by Prince Gupta from Air Force School Bamrauli. It covers the introduction, principle, construction, working, and applications of A.C. generators, along with a circuit diagram and relevant theories. The project is completed under the guidance of Mr. Manoj Kumar Srivastava and includes acknowledgments and a bibliography.

Uploaded by

pg0442147
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Air Force School Bamrauli

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

A.C.Generator

SUBMITTED BY:
Prince Gupta
Class- XII
CBSE Roll
No.-
CONTENTS

Certificate

Acknowledgment

Introduction

Principle of A.C Generator

Construction of A.C Generator


Theory

Circuit Diagram

Working of A.C Generator

Expression for Instaneouse m.f.


produced
Result
Applications of A.C Generator

Bibliography
This is to certify that Prince Gupta, a
student of Class XII of Air force schol has
successfully completed the project under
the guidance of Mr. Manoj Kumar
Srivastava (PGT PHY), During the academic
year 2024-25 in partial fulfillment of physics
practical examination conducted by CBSE.

Mr. Manoj Kumar Srivastava Principal Examiner


(PGT Physics)
ACKNOWLEDGME
NT

It would my utmost pleasure to express my


sincere thanks to my physics teacher Mr.
Manoj Kumar Srivastava in providing a
helping hand in this project. His valuable
guidance and support and supervision all
through this project are responsible for
attaining its present form.
Introduction
A.C. Generator means Alternating
current generator. It is a device which is
used to convert mechanical energy
into electrical energy.

A.C generator forces electric current to flow


through an external circuit. The source of
mechanical energy may be a reciprocating
or turbine steam engine, water falling
through a turbine or waterwheel, an
internal combustion engine, a wind
turbine, a hand crank, compressed air, or
any other source of mechanical energy.
Principle of A.C Generator
It is based on the principle of
electro-magnetic induction, i.e., whenever
amount of magnetic flux linked with a coil
changes, an e.m.f is induced in the coil.
The direction of current induced is given by
Fleming’s right-hand rule.
Construction of A.C Generator
The A.C Generator is consist of four main parts :

(1) THECOIL (ARMATURE) :

A rectangular coil ABCD consist of a large number

Of turns of copper bound over a soft iron core is called


armature. The soft iron core is used to increase the
magnetic flux.

(2) MAGNETIC FIELD:

It is usually a permanent sponge magnet having


concave poles. The armature is rotated of a magnet so
that axis of the armature is perpendicular to magnetic
field lines.

(3) SLIPRINGS:

Slip rings are the magnetic rings, which are connected


to the terminal of the armature. These rings are
rotated with the coil and these are used to draw the
current from the generator.

(4) BRUSHES:
The brushes B1 & B2 just touches the slip rings.They
are not rotating with the coil and these brushes lead
to the output of load resistance.
Theory
1. The strong magnetic field is produced by a current
flow through the field coil of the rotor.

2. The field coil in the rotor receives excitation through


the use of slip rings and brushes.

3. Two brushes are spring-held in contact with the slip


rings to provide the continuous connection between the
field coil and external circuit.

4. The armature is contained within the windings of


the stator and is connected to the output.

5. Each time the rotor makes one complete revolution,


one complete cycle of AC is developed.

6. A generator has many turns of wire wound in to the


slots of the rotor.

7. The magnitude of AC voltage generated by an AC


generator is dependent on the field strength and speed of
the rotor.

8. Most generators are operated at a constant speed;


therefore, the generated voltage depends on field excitation
or strength.
Circuit Diagram
Working of an A.C. Generator

The coil is rotated in the anti-clockwise


direction. In the first half rotation the arm AB is
moving outward and CD is moving inward. So
the e.m.f. is induced in the arm AB from A to B.
And in the arm CD from C to D. After half
rotation (in the second half). The arm CD is
moving outward and AB is moving inward. In
this time current is induced in arm CD from D to
C. And in arm AB from B to A. In the second-half
rotation, the current direction is changing so in
this generator AC is produced.
Expression for Instaneous

e.m.f produced

Let position of the coil at any time t.


It's making angle θ with vertical. If w is
uniform angular speed of the coil.

Then, θ=ωt

B be the strength of magnetic field n


be the number of turns in the coil and A
area of the coil then magnetic flux with
the coil in this position is given by :

Φ=nBACosθ=nBACosωt.
Differentiate w.r.t time:-

Maximum value of e.m.f. So𝜺,

Result:-

Hence, maximum value of instantaneous e.m.f. in an AC


Generator is given by
Applications of A.C. Generator

1. Aircraft auxiliary power generation, wind


generators, high-speed gas turbine generators.

2. Hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)drive


systems, automotive starter generators.

3. An ac generator, or 'alternator', is used to


produce ac voltages for transmission via the grid
system or, locally, as portable generators.

4. All of our house hold appliances run on


ac current.
Ex: Refrigerator ,washing machines, oven, lights,
fan, etc.

5. The main advantage of AC is ease of


power distribution.
It is more efficient to use high voltage to distribute
power, but it is not safe to have high voltage at
home. It is easy to step up (and step down) AC
voltage using a transformer.
Bibliography

• CBSE Lab manual

• Help of Physics Teacher

• NCERT Textbook
• Websites:-
www.google.comw
ww.wikipedia.com

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