1

SHAURYA 2.0
Matrices and Determinants : DPP:15.2
Algebra of Matrices

 1 2  x   −2 x − y 5 
1. If  2x3     = 0 , find the value(s) of x If the matrix  1 4  is symmetric, find
 −3 0   3  6. 0
3 3  x + y z 7 
(a) 2, − (b) 0, −
2 2 the values of x, y and z.
3 3 (a) 4, 5, 6
(c) 1, − (d) 0, − (b) 3, 2, 4
2 5
(c) 1, 2, 3
2. Let  be a root of the equation of x2 + x + 1 = 0 and (d) 4, 7, 8
1 1 1
1  2
1 2 a 0
the matrix A = 1    , then the matrix 7. Let A =   and B =   ,a, b  N . Then
3 4
3 4 0 b
1   
2
(a) There cannot exist any B such that AB = BA
A31 is equal to: (b) There exist more than one but finite number of
(a) A (b) I3 B 's such that AB = BA
2
(c) A (d) A3 (c) There exist exactly one B such that AB = BA
(d) There exist infinitely many B 's such that
3. Find the matrix X for which AB = BA
5 4  1 −2 
1 1  X = 1 3  8. Find If a matrix is both symmetric matrix and skew
    symmetric matrix then
3 5 5 4  (a) A is a diagonal matrix
(a)   (b)  
0 0  1 1  (b) A is zero matrix
(c) A is scalar matrix
 −3 −14  1 −2  (d) None of these
(c)   (d)  
 4 17  1 3 
9. If p, q, r are 3 real numbers satisfying the matrix
cos  − sin  0  3 4 1
4. If F (  ) =  sin  cos  0  then F() . F() is equation,  p q r   3 2 3  = 3 0 1 , then
 0 0 1   2 0 2 
equal to 2p + q – r equals
 (a) –1 (b) –3
(a) F () (b) F   (c) 4 (d) 2

(c) F ( + ) (d) F ( – ) 10. If A is a symmetric matrix and B is a skew -
2 3 
y symmetric matrix such that A + B =   , then
1 2 x  5 −1
5. If A =   and B =  x  be such that
3 −1 2 
AB is equal to
 1   −4 −1  −4 −2
(a)   (b)  
6   −1 4   −1 −4
AB =   then:
8   4 −2   −4 2 
(b) y = –2x (c)   (d)  
 −1 −4 
(a) y = 2x
 1 4
(c) y = x (d) y = –x
 2

 cos 2  cos  sin    4 2

11. If two matrix such that A =   16. If (A – 2I)(A – 3I) = 0, where A =   and
cos  sin  sin 2    −1 x 
 cos 2  cos  sin   1 0 
= I=  then find the matrix X
& B   and AB = 0 then 0 1 
cos  sin  sin 2  
 (a) 4 (b) 1
(a) ( – ) is an odd multiple of (c) –1 (d) ±1
2

(b) ( – ) is a multiple of 1 0 2   x 
Find x, if  x −5 −1 0 2 1   4  = 0
3
17.

(c) ( – ) is an even multiple of
2  2 0 3  1 
 (a) 4 3 (b) 4 3
(d) ( – ) is a multiple of
2 (c) −4 3 (d) None of these
12. If Write the following matrix as a single matrix
 2 −1 5 2   2 5
 2 −1 5  18. If A =   , B=  and C =   Find
1 −2 3  0 2 4 −  2 −5 7 3 4  7 4  3 8 
the matrix D such that CD – AB = 0
 −7 5 0 
 −191 −110  44 77 
(a) [–21 15 –10] (a)   (b)  
(b) [–11 15 –20]  77 44   −110 −191
(c) [–21 5 –10]  −110 −119
(c) 
77 
(d) [21 15 10] (d) None of these
 44
13. If   1 is the complex cube root of unity and matrix
1 2 3   −7 −8 −9 
 0  19. If X  =  then find the
H= 70
 , then H is equal to  4 5 6  2 4 6 
 0  
matrix x
(a) 0 (b) –H
(c) H2 (d) H  1 −2 
 0 −2   
(b) 
2 0
(a)  
1 2  2 1
14. The value of k if M =   and M – kM – I2 = 0
2

 2 3   1 2
(c)   (d) None of these
(a) 4 (b) 2  −2 0 
(c) 8 (d) 10
 0  1 0 
 1 2 3 20. If A =   and B =   then find the values
15. The matrix  1 2 3 is 1 1  5 1 
of a for which A2 = B
 −1 −2 −3 (a) 4 (b) ±1
(c) ±1, 4 (d) No value
(a) Idempotent (b) Nilpotent
(c) Involutary (d) Orthogonal
 3

Answer Key
1. (b) 11. (a)
2. (d) 12. (a)
3. (c) 13. (d)
4. (c) 14. (a)
5. (a) 15. (b)
6. (b) 16. (b)
7. (d) 17. (a)
8. (b) 18. (a)
9. (b) 19. (b)
10. (c) 20. (d)
 4

Hints and Solutions

1. (b)  −3 −14
Hence, X = 
17 
Calculation:
Given: 4
4. (c)
x 
[2x − 9 4x + 0]   = 0 Calculation:
3 F(α).F(β)
 [x(2x – 9) + 3(4x + 0)] = [0] cos  − sin  0 cos  − sin  0
 2x2 – 9x + 12x = 0  2x2 + 3x = 0 =  sin  cos  0   sin  cos  0 
3
 x = 0, −  0 0 1   0 0 1 
2
 cos  cos  − sin  sin  − cos  sin  − sin  cos  0 
= sin  cos  + cos  sin  − sin  sin  + cos  cos  0 
2. (d)  
Calculation:  0 0 1 
Solution of x2 + x + 1 = 0 is , 2 cos (  +  ) − sin (  +  ) 0 
So,  =  and 4 = 3.  = 1  
=  sin (  +  ) cos (  +  ) 0  = F (  +  )
1 1 1  1 1 1  1 0 0 
     0 0 1 
A 2 = 1  2  1  2  = 0 0 1 
1
3
1 
2
  1 2   0 1 0 5. (a)
1 0 0  1 0 0  Calculation:
A = 0
4
0 1  0 0 1  1 2 x 
y
0 1 0 0 1 0  Let A =   and B =  x 
3 −1 2   1 
1 0 0
= 0 1 0   y
1 2 x   
0 0 1  AB =   x 
3 −1 2   1 
A4 = I  A31 = A28 . A3 = A3 [ A × I = A]  
6   y + 2x + x 
3. (c)  8  =  3y − x + 2 
   
Calculation:
Since both the matrices here are square matrices of 6   y + 3x 
 8  = 3y − x + 2 
order 2, therefore,    
X must be a square matrix of order 2  y + 3x = 6 and 3y – x = 6
a b  On solving, we get
X= 
c d  6 12
x = and y =
5a + 4c 5b + 4d  1 −2 5 5
 a+c =  y = 2x
 b + d  1 3 
By definition of equality of matrices we get,
6. (b)
 5a + 4c = 1 … (1) Calculation:
5b + 4d = –2 … (2)
 −2 x − y 5 
 a+c=1 … (3)
b+d=3 … (4) Given  1 0 4  is symmetric
Solving (1) and (3) simultaneously, we get  x + y z 7 
a = –3, c = 4 We know that a square matrix A is symmetric iff
Solving (2) and (4) simultaneously, we get A' = A
b = –14, d = 17
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 −2 1 x + y   −2 x − y 5   2 4  0 −1  4 −2 
Now, AB =  =
  x − y 0 z  =  1 0 4   
 4 −1 1 0   −1 −4 
 5 4 7   x + y z 7 
 x – y = 1, x + y = 5, z = 4 11. (a)
 x = 3, y = 2, z = 4 Calculation:

7. (d)  cos 2  sin  cos    cos 2  sin  cos  

AB =   
sin  cos  sin   sin  cos  sin 2  
2
Calculation:
1 2 a 0
Given that A =   and B =   ,a, b  N cos 2  cos 2  + sin  sin  cos  cos  cos 2  sin  cos  + sin 2  sin  cos  
3 4 0 b = 2 2 
 cos  sin  cos  + sin  sin  cos  sin  sin  cos  cos  + sin  sin  
2 2

 a 2b 
AB =   cos  cos  cos (  −  ) cos  sin  cos (  −  ) 
 3a 4b  = =0
 cos  sin  cos (  −  ) sin  sin  cos (  −  ) 
 a 0  1 2   a 2a 
BA =   =   cos (  −  ) = 0
 0 b  3 4   3b 4b 

Hence, AB = BA only when a = b  (  −  ) = ( 2n + 1)
 There can be infinitely many 2
B's for which AB = BA
12. (a)
8. (b) Calculation:
Calculation:  2 −1 5 
If AT = A and AT = A 1 −2 3  0 2 4
2AT = A + (–A)  −7 5 0 
2AT = 0
AT = 0 [1.2 – 2.0 + 3(–7) 1(–1) + (–2) 2 + 3.5 1.5 + (–2)
A=0 4 + 3.0] = [–19 10 –3]
  2 −1 5  
 
9. (b) ∴ 1 −2 3  0 2 4   −  2 −5 7 
Calculation:   −7 5 0  

3 4 1
= [–19 10 –3] – [2 –5 – 10]
 p q r  3 2 3 = 3 0 1
7] = [–21 15
= [–21 15 –10]
 2 0 2 
[3p + 3q + 2r 4p + 2q p + 3q + 2r] = [3 0 1] 13. (d)
 3p + 3q + 2r = 3 … (1) Calculation:
 4p + 2q = 0 … (2)  0   0 
H2 =   
 p + 3q + 2r = 1 … (3)  0   0 
On solving (1), (2) and (3), we get
k 0
p = 1, q = –2, r = 3 Similarly, we observe, that H k =  
 2p + q – r = 2(1) + (–2) – (3) = –3  0 k 
 70
0 
10. (c)  H70 =  
 0  
70
Calculation:
a c   0 d 69 0   0 
Let A = 
c b
 and B = 
 −d 0 
 = =
   0 
=H ( 3n = 1 )
 0
69

 a c + d  2 3 
Then, A + B =  =
c − d b  5 −1 14. (a)
On comparing each term, Calculation:
a = 2, b = –1, c – d = 5, c + d = 3 1 2  1 2 
M2 = MM=   
 a = 2, b = –1, c = 4, d = –1 2 3  2 3 
 6

1 1 + 2  2 1 2 + 2  3  5 8  0 0 
=   =   =  
 2  1 + 3  2 2  2 + 3  3 8 13 0 0 
Given, M2 – kM – I2 = 0  0 2x − 2  0 0 
5 8  1 2 1 0 0 0  ⇒  =  
 − x + 1 x − 5x + 4  0 0 
2
⇒  −k −  =  
8 13  2 3  0 1   0 0  ⇒ 2x – 2 = 0, –x + 1 = 0 and x2 – 5x + 4 = 0
5 8   k 2k  1 0 0 0  ⇒ x = 1, x = 1 and (x – 1)(x – 4) = 0
⇒  − −  =   ⇒ x = 1, x = 1 and x = 1 or x = 4
8 13  2k 3k  0 1  0 0 
 5 − k − 1 8 − 2k − 0  0 0  We take common value of x. Therefore x = 1
⇒   =  
8 − 2k − 0 13 − 3k − 1 0 0  17. (a)
 4 − k 8 − 2k  0 0  Calculation:
⇒   =  
8 − 2k 12 − 3k  0 0  1 0 2   x 
Then by definition of equality of matrices we get, Given,  x −5 −1 0 2 1   4  = 0
4 – k = 0, 8 – 2k = 0, 8 – 2k = 0 and 12 – 3k = 0  2 0 3  1 
k = 4, k = 4, k = 4, k = 4
x 
15. (b) ⇒  x + 0 − 2 0 − 10 + 0 2x − 5 − 3 4  = 0
Calculation: 1 
 1 2 3
x 
Let A =  1 2 3
⇒  x − 2 −10 2x − 8  4  = 0
 −1 −2 −3
1 
0 0 0
⇒ [(x – 2) x + (–10) × 4 + (2x – 8) × 1] = [0]
Then, A = 0 0 0 
2
⇒ x2 – 2x – 40 + 2x – 8 = 0 ⇒ x2 = 48
0 0 0 
⇒ x = ±4 3
Hence, A is nilpotent matrix of index 2 .
18. (a)
16. (b)
Calculation:
Calculation:
Since A, B, C are all square matrices of order 2,
 4 2 1 0 
A=  = I= 
therefore, D must be a square matrix of order 2 for
 −1 x  0 1  CD – AB to be defined.
 4 2 1 0   4 − 2 2 − 0  a b 
A – 2I =   − 2  =   Let D =  
 −1 x  0 1   −1 − 0 x − 2  c d 
2 2   4 2  1 0 Given, CD – AB = 0 ⇒ CD = AB
=   and A – 3I =   − 3   2 5 a b   2 −1 5 2 
 −1 x − 2   −1 x  0 1  ⇒  =   
 4 − 3 2 − 0 3 8   c d   3 4   7 4 
=  
 −1 − 0 x − 3  2a + 5c 2b + 5d 
⇒ 
1 2   3a + 8c 3b + 8d 
=  
 −1 x − 3  10 − 7 4 − 4   3 0 
=  =  
Given (A – 2I) (A – 3I) = 0 15 + 28 6 + 16  43 22 
2 2  1 2  0 0  By definition of equality of matrices, we get
⇒     =   … (1)
 −1 x − 2  −1 x − 3 0 0 
2a + 5c = 3
2b + 5d = 0 … (2)
⇒
3a + 8c = 43 … (3)
 2  1 + 2  (−1) 2.2 + 2  (x − 3)  3b + 8d = 22 … (4)
(−1)  1 + (x − 2)  (−1) (−1)  2 + (x − 2)(x − 3) 
  Solving (1) and (3), we get a = –191, c = 77
Solving (2) and (4), we get b = –110, d = 44
 7

19 (b) 20 (d)
Calculation: Calculation:
Since the product matrix is of order 2 × 3 and the We have, A2 = B
post – factor 2× 3 matrix, therefore, the pre-factor  0  0 1 0
i.e. the matrix X must be of order 2 × 2. ⇒   = 
1 1  1 1  5 1 
 a b 1 2 3   −7 −8 −9 
   =     + 0  1   0 + 0  1 1 0
 c d  4 5 6   2 4 6  ⇒ = 
1  + 1 1 1 0 + 1 1  5 1 
 a + 4b 2a + 5b 3a + 6b   −7 −8 −9 
⇒ =     2 0  1 0 
 c + 4d 2c + 5d 3c + 6d   2 4 6  ⇒ = 
  + 1 1  5 1 
 a + 4b = −7,2a + 5b = −8,3a + 6b = −9
⇒ ⇒ 2 = 1 and ±1 = 5
c + 4d = 2, 2c + 5d = 4,3c + 6d = 6 ⇒  = ±1 and  = 4, which is not possible
Solving a + 4b = –7 and 2a + 5b = –8 Therefore, there is no value of  for which A2 = B
simultaneously, we get a = 1 and b = –2
Solving c + 4d = 2 and 2c + 5d = 4 simultaneously,
we get c = 2 and d = 0
Note that a = 1 and b = –2 satisfies 3a + 6b = –9 c =
2 and d = 0 satisfies 3c + 6d = 6

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