[MAA 5.

4] CHAIN RULE
SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

O. Practice questions

1. Solutions are shown in the question.

2.
dy
y  f ( x)  f ( x )
dx
dy 2
y  e2 x  ln(2 x  3)  2e 2 x 
dx 2x  3

dy
y  e 2π  ln(2π  3) 0 (since y is a constant)
dx

dy 5x4  2
y  x 5  2x  1 
dx 2 x 5  2 x  1

2x  1 dy 2(3 x  5)  3(2 x  1) 13

y  
3x  5 dx (3 x  5) 2
(3 x  5) 2

2x  1 dy
y  (2 x  1)(3 x  5) 2  2(3 x  5) 2  6(2 x  1)(3x  5) 3
(3 x  5) 2 dx
2x  1 dy 2 6
y  ln  ln(2 x  1)  2 ln(3 x  5)  
(3 x  5) 2 dx 2 x  1 3 x  5

(2 x  1)3 dy 6 6
y  ln  3ln(2 x  1)  2 ln(3 x  5)  
(3 x  5) 2 dx 2 x  1 3 x  5

x3 1 dy 1 1 3
y  ln  ln( x  3)  3ln( x  1)  
( x  1)3 2 dx 2 x  3 x  1

3.
ds
s  10 cos t  10sin t
dt
ds
s  cos(10 t )  10sin10t
dt
ds
s  cos(t 10 )  10t 9 sin(t10 )
dt
ds
s  cos10 t  10(cos9 t )(sin t )
dt

1
4.
dy dy
Function: y Derivative: Function: y Derivative:
dx dx
dy dy
y  f ( x )3  3 f ( x) 2 f ( x) y  f ( x3 )  3 x 2 f ( x3 )
dx dx
dy dy
y  e f ( x)  e f ( x ) f ( x) y  f (e x )  f (e x )  e x
dx dx
dy dy
y  sin f ( x )  cos f ( x )  f ( x) y  f (sin x )  f (sin x)  cos x
dx dx
dy f ( x) dy f (ln x)
y  ln f ( x)  y  f (ln x) 
dx f ( x) dx x
dy f ( x) dy f ( x)
y f ( x)  y  f ( x) 
dx 2 f ( x ) dx 2 x

5.
Function Derivative Derivative at x  1

f (x) 3 3 f ( x) 2 f ( x) 3 f (1) 2 f (1)  3  (2) 2  3  36

f ( 2 x  2) 2 f (2 x  2) 2 f (0)  2
3
e f (x) e f ( x ) f ( x) e f (1) f (1)  3e 2 
e2
f ( x) f (1) 3
ln f ( x) 
f ( x) f (1) 2
f (ln x) f (ln1)
f (ln x)  f (0)  1
x 1
f  g (x )   f    g ( x)  g ( x)  f    g (1)  g (1)   f  1 g (1)  6

g  f ( x)  2  g   f ( x )  2  f ( x ) g   f (1)  2  f (1)  g   0  f (1)  15

sin x
6. (a) y  tan x 
cos x
dy sin x sin x  cos x(  cos x) sin 2 x  cos 2 x 1
 2
 2

dx cos x cos x cos 2 x
dy x
(b) (i)   tan x
dx cos 2 x
dy 3
(ii) 
dx cos 2 3 x
dy 2 tan x  2sin x 
(iii)   
dx cos 2 x 3
 cos x 
dy 3 tan 2 x  3sin 2 x 
(iv)   
dx cos 2 x  cos 4 x 

2
A. Exam style questions (SHORT)
2
1
7. (a) 12 x( x 2  5) 2 (b) 4 xe x
x
8. (a)  7e  x  4e 2 (b) 9 sin 3 x  1
2x π  x 1 2 / 3
9. (a)  π sin  x  (b) + x
x 1
2
2  x 5 2 3

10. (a) 6(2 x  5) 2  8 x  22

(b) f ( x )  1 , so 0 f ( x )  0
OR f ( x )  2 sin x cos x  2 cos x sin x  0

dy
11. (i) = sin 3 x  3 x cos 3 x
dx
1
x   ln x
dy x 1  ln x
(i)  2

dx x x2

d 2
12. (a) (x + 1)2 = 2(x2 + 1) × (2x) = 4x(x2 + 1)
dx
d 1 3
(b) (ln(3x – 1)) = × (3) =
dx 3x  1 3x  1

dy 4 2
13. (a) = 
dx 2 3  4x 3  4x
1 1
dy 1 
OR y = 3  4 x  (3  4 x ) 2  (3  4 x) 2 (–4)
dx 2
dy
(b) y = esin x = (cos x)(esin x)
dx

1 3x
14. f (x) = e – 10 cos x sin x
3
15. (a) f (x) = 3(2x + 7)2  2= 6 (2x + 7)2 ( = 24x2 + 168x + 294)
(b) g (x) = 2 cos (4x)( sin (4x))(4) = 8 cos (4x) sin (4x) (= 4 sin (8x))

dy 2 dy
16. y = ln(2x – 1)     2(2 x – 1) –1
dx 2 x – 1 dx
d2 y
  – 2(2 x – 1) – 2 (2)
dx 2
d2 y –4
 
dx 2
2 x – 12
2
17. (a) If f (x) = ln(2x – 1), Then f (x) =
2x  1
2
(b) Put = x x = 1.28 (using a GDC or the quadratic formula)
2x  1

3
 dy
18. y = sin (2x – 1) = 2 cos (2x – 1)
dx
1 
At  , 0  , the gradient of the tangent = 2 cos 0 = 2
2 
19. y = sin(kx) – kx cos(kx)
dy
= k cos(kx) – k{cos(kx) + x[–k sin(kx)]}
dx
= k cos(kx) – k cos(kx) + k2x sin(kx) = k2 x sin(kx)

20.

21. (a) f′(x) = –sin 2x × 2 (= –2 sin 2x)

1  3 
(b) g′(x) = 3 ×  
3x  5  3x  5 
 3 
(c) product rule: h′(x) = (cos 2x)   + ln(3x – 5)(–2 sin 2x)
 3x  5 
22. (a) f (x) = 5e5x
(b) g (x) = 2 cos 2x
(c) h = fg + gf ′= e5x (2 cos 2x) + sin 2x (5e5x)
 π
23. (a) (i) –3e–3x (ii) cos x  
 3
(b) product rule
 π  π
h′(x) = –3e–3x sin  x    e 3 x cos x  
 3  3
π π
π 3  π π  3 π π
h′   =  3e 3 sin    e 3 cos   = e–π
3 3 3 3 3
24. (a) p  100e0  100
dp
(b) Rate of increase is  0.05  100e0.05t  5e 0.05t
dt
When t  10
dp
dt
 5e0.05(10)  5e0.5   8.24  5 e 

4
25. (a) n = 800e0 = 800
(b) derivative: n′(15) = 731
(c) METHOD 1
setting up inequality. n′(t) > 10 000
k = 35.1226...
least value of k is 36
METHOD 2
n′(35) = 9842, and n′(36) = 11208
least value of k is 36

ln 2
26. (a) 1300  650e 20 k  k 
20
dn
(b)  650 ke kt
dt
dn
when t  90,  509.734  510 to 3 s.f.
dt

dy dy
27. (i) y  f ( x)2   2 f ( x) f ( x) . At x  1 ,  2  2  4  16
dx dx
dy dy
(ii) y  f ( x2 )   f ( x 2 )  2 x . At x  1 ,  2  2 1  4
dx dx
dy dy
28. (i) y  f ( x )3   3 f ( x)2 f ( x) . At x  1 ,  3  22  4  48
dx dx
dy dy
(ii) y  f ( x3 )   f ( x3 )  3 x 2 . At x  1 ,  2  3  12  6
dx dx
dy f ( x) dy 4
29. (i) y  ln f ( x)   . At x  1 ,  2
dx f ( x ) dx 2
dy 1 dy 1 2
(ii) y f ( x)   f ( x) . At x  1 ,  4   2
dx 2 f ( x ) dx 2 2 2

30.

1
31. (a) f (x) = sin2x + cosx
2
f (x) = cos 2x – sin x
= 1 – 2 sin2 x – sin x = (1 + sin x)(1 – 2 sinx)
1
= 0 when sin x = – 1 or
2
π 3π π 5π
(b) x , , , .
2 2 6 6

5
32. y = e3x sin(πx)
dy
(a) = 3e3x sin(πx) + πe3x cos(πx)
dx
π
(b) 0 = e3x(3 sin(πx) + πcos(πx))  tan (πx) = –
3
πx = –0.80845 +  x = 0.7426… (0.743 to 3 s.f.)

33.

( x  2)(2 x  5)  ( x 2  5 x  5) x 2  4 x  5
34. (a) f  ( x)  
( x  2) 2 ( x  2)2

x2  4x  5
(b) 2
( x  2) 2

 x2  4x  5  2x2  8x  8
 x 2  4 x  3  0  3  x  1 (and x  –2)
(NOTICE: by a graph in GDC, we can find the same solution)

35. (a) (1.54, 0) (4.13, 0) (accept x = 1.54 x = 4.13)

(b)
y
3
2
1

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
–10

Note: Curve passing through (0,  4), a range of approximately 9 to 2.3.

(c) gradient is 2

6
B. Exam style questions (LONG)

36. (a) (i) f ( x )   6sin 2 x

(ii) EITHER f ( x)  12sin x cos x  0  sin x  0 or cos x  0
OR sin 2 x  0 , for 0  2 x  2 
π
THEN x  0, , π
2
(b) (i) translation in the y-direction of –1
(ii) 1.11 (1.10 from TRACE is subject to AP)
8
37. (a) recognizing the amplitude is the radius: a   a=4
2
2 
(b) period = 30: b  
30 15
(c) recognizing h′(t) = –0.5
4π π 
–0.5 = cos t   t = 10.6, t = 19.4
15  15 
(d) h(t) < 0 so underwater; h(t) > 0 so not underwater
19.4π
h(19.4) = 4 sin  2 = –1.19
15
OR
solving h(t) = 0, graph showing region below x-axis, roots 17.5, 27.5
Hence, the bucket is underwater, yes
38. (a)

Note: approximately sinusoidal shape,

end points approximately correct, (–2π, 4), (2π, 4)
approximately correct position of graph,
(y-intercept (0, 4) maximum to right of y-axis).
(b) (i) 5 (ii) 2π (6.28) (iii) –0.927
(c) f(x) = 5 sin (x + 0.927) (accept p = 5, q = 1, r = 0.927)
(d) (man or min)
one 3 s.f. value which rounds to one of –5.6, –2.5, 0.64, 3.8
(e) k = –5, k = 5
1
(f) g′(x) =
x 1
f′(x) = 3 cos x – 4 sin x (5 cos(x + 0.927))
g′(x) = f′(x)
x = 0.511