LM224A - LM324A

Low Power Quad Operational Amplifiers

■ Wide gain bandwidth: 1.3MHz

■ Large voltage gain: 100dB
■ Very low supply current/ampli: 375µA
■ Low input bias current: 20nA N
■ Low input offset voltage: 3mV max. DIP14
(Plastic Package)
■ Low input offset current: 2nA
■ Wide power supply range:
Single supply: +3V to +30V
Dual supplies: ±1.5V to ±15V
■ Input common-mode voltage range
includes ground
■ ESD internal protection: 2KV

Description D
SO-14
These circuits consist of four independent, high (Plastic Micropackage)
gain, internally frequency compensated
operational amplifiers. They operate from a single
power supply over a wide range of voltages.
Operation from split power supplies is also
possible and the low power supply current drain is
independent of the magnitude of the power supply
voltage.
P
All the pins are protected against electrostatic TSSOP-14
discharges up to 2KV (as a consequence, the (Thin Shrink Small Outline Package)
input voltages must not exceed the magnitude of
VCC+ or VCC-.)

Order Codes
Part Number Temperature Range Package Packaging
LM224AN DIP Tube
LM224AD/ADT SO Tube or Tape & Reel
-40°C, +105°C
TSSOP
LM224APT Tape & Reel
(Thin Shrink Outline Package)
LM324AN DIP Tube
LM324AD/ADT SO Tube or Tape & Reel
0°C, +70°C
TSSOP
LM324APT Tape & Reel
(Thin Shrink Outline Package)

February 2005 Revision 2 1/16

LM224A-LM324A Pin & Schematic Diagram

1 Pin & Schematic Diagram

Figure 1: Pin connections (top view)

Output 1 1 14 Output 4

Inverting Input 1 2 - - 13 Inverting Input 4

Non-inverting Input 1 3 + + 12 Non-inverting Input 4

VCC + 4 11 VCC -

Non-inverting Input 2 5 + + 10 Non-inverting Input 3

Inverting Input 2 6 - - 9 Inverting Input 3

Output 2 7 8 Output 3

Figure 2: Schematic diagram (1/4 LM124A)

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Absolute Maximum Ratings LM224A-LM324A

2 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Table 1: Key parameters and their absolute maximum ratings

Symbol Parameter LM124A LM224A LM324A Unit

VCC Supply voltage ±16 or 32 V
Vi Input Voltage -0.3 to Vcc + 0.3 V
Vid Differential Input Voltage 1 32 V
Power DissipationN Suffix 500 500 500 mW
Ptot
D Suffix 400 400 mW
Output Short-circuit Duration 2 Infinite
Iin 3 50 mA
Input Current
Toper Operating Free-air Temperature Range -55 to +125 -40 to +105 0 to +70 °C
Tstg Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 °C
Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient
103
Rthja SO14
100 °C/W
TSSOP14
66
DIP14
1) Either or both input voltages must not exceed the magnitude of VCC+ or VCC-.
2) Short-circuits from the output to VCC can cause excessive heating if VCC > 15V. The maximum output current is approximately 40mA
independent of the magnitude of VCC. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous short-circuit on all amplifiers.
3) This input current only exists when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector-base junction of the
input PNP transistor becoming forward biased and thereby acting as input diodes clamps. In addition to this diode action, there is also
NPN parasitic action on the IC chip. this transistor action can cause the output voltages of the op-amps to go to the VCC voltage level (or
to ground for a large overdrive) for the time duration than an input is driven negative.
This is not destructive and normal output will set up again for input voltage higher than -0.3V.

3/16
LM224A-LM324A Electrical Characteristics

3 Electrical Characteristics
Table 2: VCC+ = +5V, VCC-= Ground, Vo = 1.4V, Tamb = +25°C (unless otherwise specified

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit

1
Input Offset Voltage - note mV
Vio Tamb = +25°C 2 3
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax 5
Input Offset Current nA
Iio Tamb = +25°C 2 20
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax 40

Input Bias Current - note 2 nA

Iib Tamb = +25°C 20 100
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax 200
Large Signal Voltage Gain V/mV
VCC+ = +15V, RL = 2kΩ, Vo = 1.4V to 11.4V
Avd
Tamb = +25°C 50 100
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax 25

Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio (Rs ≤ 10kΩ)

dB
VCC+ = 5V to 30V
SVR
Tamb = +25°C 65 110
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax 65

Supply Current, all Amp, no load mA

Tamb = +25°C VCC = +5V 0.7 1.2
ICC VCC = +30V 1.5 3
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax VCC = +5V 0.8 1.2
VCC = +30V 1.5 3
Input Common Mode Voltage Range
V
VCC = +30V - note 3
Vicm Tamb = +25°C VCC -
0
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax 1.5
0
VCC -2
Common Mode Rejection Ratio (Rs ≤ 10kΩ) dB
CMR Tamb = +25°C 70 80
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax 60
Output Current Source (Vid = +1V) mA
Isource
VCC = +15V, Vo = +2V 20 40 70
Output Sink Current (Vid = -1V)
Isink VCC = +15V, Vo = +2V 10 20 mA
VCC = +15V, Vo = +0.2V 12 50 µA
High Level Output Voltage
VCC = +30V V
Tamb = +25°C RL = 2kΩ
26 27
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax 26
VOH Tamb = +25°C RL = 10kΩ 27 28
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax 27
VCC = +5V, RL = 2kΩ
Tamb = +25°C 3.5
3
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax

4/16
Electrical Characteristics LM224A-LM324A

Table 2: VCC+ = +5V, VCC-= Ground, Vo = 1.4V, Tamb = +25°C (unless otherwise specified

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit

Low Level Output Voltage (RL = 10kΩ) mV
VOL Tamb = +25°C 5 20
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax 20
Slew Rate V/µs
SR
VCC = 15V, Vi = 0.5 to 3V, RL = 2kΩ, CL = 100pF, unity Gain 0.4
Gain Bandwidth Product MHz
GBP VCC = 30V, f =100kHz,Vin = 10mV, RL = 2kΩ, CL = 100pF 1.3
Total Harmonic Distortion %
THD
f = 1kHz, Av = 20dB, RL = 2kΩ, Vo = 2Vpp, CL = 100pF, VCC = 30V 0.015
Equivalent Input Noise Voltage nV
en f = 1kHz, Rs = 100Ω, VCC = 30V ------------
40 Hz
DVio Input Offset Voltage Drift 7 30 µV/°C
DIIio Input Offset Current Drift 10 200 pA/°C
4 dB
Vo1/Vo2 Channel Separation - note
1kHz ≤ f ≤ 20kHZ 120

1) Vo = 1.4V, Rs = 0Ω, 5V < VCC+ < 30V, 0 < Vic < VCC + - 1.5V
2) The direction of the input current is out of the IC. This current is essentially constant, independent of the state of the output so no loading
change exists on the input lines.
3) The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3V. The upper end
of the common-mode voltage range is VCC+ - 1.5V, but either or both inputs can go to +32V without damage.
4) Due to the proximity of external components insure that coupling is not originating via stray capacitance between these external parts.
This typically can be detected as this type of capacitance increases at higher frequences.

5/16
LM224A-LM324A Electrical Characteristics
Figure 3: Input bias current vs. ambient Figure 6: Current limiting
temperature

INPUT BIAS CURRENT

versus AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
IB (nA) 24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
-55-35-15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)

Figure 4: Input voltage range Figure 7: Supply current

SUPPLY CURRENT
4
VCC
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
mA ID
3

2
+

Tamb = 0°C to +125°C

1

Tamb = -55°C

0 10 20 30

POSITIVE SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

Figure 5: Gain bandwidth product Figure 8: Common mode rejection ratio

6/16
Electrical Characteristics LM224A-LM324A

Figure 9: Electrical curves

7/16
LM224A-LM324A Electrical Characteristics

Figure 10: Input current Figure 12: Voltage gain

Figure 11: Power supply & common mode Figure 13: Large signal voltage gain
rejection ratio

8/16
Typical Single - Supply Applications LM224A-LM324A

4 Typical Single - Supply Applications Figure 17: High input Z adjustable gain DC
Figure 14: AC coupled interting amplifier instrumentation amplifier

if R1 = R5 and R3 = R4 = R6 = R7
2R
Figure 15: AC coupled non inverting amplifier 1
e0 = 1 + ----------- (e2 -e1)
R
2

As shown e0 = 101 (e2 - e1).

Figure 18: DC summing amplifier

Figure 16: Non-inverting DC gain

e0 = e1 +e2 -e3 -e4

Where (e1 +e2) ≥ (e3 +e4)
to keep e0 ≥ 0V

9/16
LM224A-LM324A Typical Single - Supply Applications

Figure 19: Low drift peak detector Figure 21: High input Z, DC differential
amplifier

R1 R4
For ------- = -------
R R
2 3
(CMRR depends on this resistor ratio match)

Figure 20: Activer bandpass filter

e0
⎛ 1 + R-------4⎞ (e2 - e1)
⎝ R3⎠
As shown e0 = (e2 - e1)

Figure 22: Using symetrical amplifiers to

reduce input current (general
concept)

Fo = 1kHz

Q = 50

Av = 100 (40dB)

10/16
Typical Single - Supply Applications LM224A-LM324A

Table 3: Vcc+ = +15V, Vcc- = 0V, Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified)

Symbol Conditions Value Unit

Vio 0 mV
Avd RL = 2kΩ 100 V/mV
Icc No load, per amplifier 350 µA
Vicm 0 to +13.5 V
VOH RL = 2kΩ (VCC +=15V) +13.5 V
VOL RL = 10kΩ 5 mV
Ios Vo = +2V, VCC = +15V +40 mA
GBP RL = 2kΩ, CL = 100pF 1.3 MHz
SR RL = 2kΩ, CL = 100pF 0.4 V/µs

11/16
LM224A-LM324A Macromodel

5 Macromodel

Warning: Please consider following remarks before using this macromodel:

All models are a trade-off between accuracy and complexity (i.e. simulation time).
Macromodels are not a substitute to breadboarding; rather, they confirm the validity of a design approach
and help to select surrounding component values.
A macromodel emulates the NOMINAL performance of a TYPICAL device within SPECIFIED OPERATING
CONDITIONS (i.e. temperature, supply voltage, etc.). Thus the macromodel is often not as exhaustive as
the datasheet, its goal is to illustrate the main parameters of the product.
Data issued from macromodels used outside of its specified conditions (Vcc, Temperature, etc) or even
worse: outside of the device operating conditions (Vcc, Vicm, etc) are not reliable in any way.

** Standard Linear Ics Macromodels, 1993.

** CONNECTIONS :
* 1 INVERTING INPUT
* 2 NON-INVERTING INPUT
* 3 OUTPUT
* 4 POSITIVE POWER SUPPLY
* 5 NEGATIVE POWER SUPPLY
.SUBCKT LM324 1 2 3 4 5
***************************
.MODEL MDTH D IS=1E-8 KF=3.104131E-15 CJO=10F
* INPUT STAGE
CIP 2 5 1.000000E-12
CIN 1 5 1.000000E-12
EIP 10 5 2 5 1
EIN 16 5 1 5 1
RIP 10 11 2.600000E+01
RIN 15 16 2.600000E+01
RIS 11 15 2.003862E+02
DIP 11 12 MDTH 400E-12
DIN 15 14 MDTH 400E-12
VOFP 12 13 DC 0
VOFN 13 14 DC 0
IPOL 13 5 1.000000E-05
CPS 11 15 3.783376E-09
DINN 17 13 MDTH 400E-12
VIN 17 5 0.000000e+00
DINR 15 18 MDTH 400E-12
VIP 4 18 2.000000E+00
FCP 4 5 VOFP 3.400000E+01
FCN 5 4 VOFN 3.400000E+01
FIBP 2 5 VOFN 2.000000E-03
FIBN 5 1 VOFP 2.000000E-03
* AMPLIFYING STAGE
FIP 5 19 VOFP 3.600000E+02
FIN 5 19 VOFN 3.600000E+02
RG1 19 5 3.652997E+06
RG2 19 4 3.652997E+06
CC 19 5 6.000000E-09
DOPM 19 22 MDTH 400E-12
DONM 21 19 MDTH 400E-12
HOPM 22 28 VOUT 7.500000E+03
VIPM 28 4 1.500000E+02
HONM 21 27 VOUT 7.500000E+03
VINM 5 27 1.500000E+02
EOUT 26 23 19 5 1
VOUT 23 5 0
ROUT 26 3 20
COUT 3 5 1.000000E-12
DOP 19 25 MDTH 400E-12
VOP 4 25 2.242230E+00
DON 24 19 MDTH 400E-12
VON 24 5 7.922301E-01
ENDS
12/16
Package Mechanical Data LM224A-LM324A

6 Package Mechanical Data

6.1 DIP14 Package

Plastic DIP-14 MECHANICAL DATA

mm. inch
DIM.
MIN. TYP MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.

a1 0.51 0.020

B 1.39 1.65 0.055 0.065

b 0.5 0.020

b1 0.25 0.010

D 20 0.787

E 8.5 0.335

e 2.54 0.100

e3 15.24 0.600

F 7.1 0.280

I 5.1 0.201

L 3.3 0.130

Z 1.27 2.54 0.050 0.100

P001A

13/16
LM224A-LM324A Package Mechanical Data

6.2 SO-14 Package

SO-14 MECHANICAL DATA

mm. inch
DIM.
MIN. TYP MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.
A 1.75 0.068
a1 0.1 0.2 0.003 0.007
a2 1.65 0.064
b 0.35 0.46 0.013 0.018
b1 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010
C 0.5 0.019
c1 45˚ (typ.)
D 8.55 8.75 0.336 0.344
E 5.8 6.2 0.228 0.244
e 1.27 0.050
e3 7.62 0.300
F 3.8 4.0 0.149 0.157
G 4.6 5.3 0.181 0.208
L 0.5 1.27 0.019 0.050
M 0.68 0.026
S 8 ˚ (max.)

PO13G

14/16
Package Mechanical Data LM224A-LM324A

6.3 TSSOP14 Package

TSSOP14 MECHANICAL DATA

mm. inch
DIM.
MIN. TYP MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.

A 1.2 0.047

A1 0.05 0.15 0.002 0.004 0.006

A2 0.8 1 1.05 0.031 0.039 0.041

b 0.19 0.30 0.007 0.012

c 0.09 0.20 0.004 0.0089

D 4.9 5 5.1 0.193 0.197 0.201

E 6.2 6.4 6.6 0.244 0.252 0.260

E1 4.3 4.4 4.48 0.169 0.173 0.176

e 0.65 BSC 0.0256 BSC

K 0˚ 8˚ 0˚ 8˚

L 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.018 0.024 0.030

A A2
K L
A1 b e c E

E1

PIN 1 IDENTIFICATION
1
0080337D

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15/16
LM224A-LM324A Summary of Changes

7 Summary of Changes
Date Revision Description of Changes

01 March 2001 1 First Release

- Table 1 on page 3: explanation of Vid and Vi limits
01 Feb. 2005 2
- Macromodel updated

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