:::1.2~4_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _....:..

:::_____
MATHEMATICAL _ _ _ _FOR
FOUNDATIONS __ _ _~
COMPUTER sc

5. (i) _!__ (2x 3 - sin 2x 3 ) + c (ii) - 1 +C (iii) - l ---

12 x + cos x 2(x + log sec x)2 ,. c

6. (i) !2 log I e2x - 21 + c (ii) log I eX - e -x I + c (iii) log I 1 - e - x I + c

7. (i) - log I cos x - sin x I + c (ii) - log I sin x + cos x I +c
. x I+ c
(iii) -1 x + -1 log I cos x + sm
2 2
X
8. (i) log I cosec 2x - cot 2x I + c (ii) log tan x + log tan - +c
2
(iii) ½log mn (f +x) + c (iv) ✓
1
2 log I cosec x - cot x I + c

9• ,,r ) -(cos x - !3 cos 3 x+ !_5 cos5 x) + c 1 · 7 x+c

3 · 5 x--sm
(ii) sinx-sin 3 x+-sm
5 7
l . s 1 . 7 1 . 6 1 . 8
(iii) - sm x - - sm x + c (iv) sm x - sm x + c
5 7 6 8
1.8. IN17EGRATION BY PARTS
Int.egration by parts, is a very important rule for integration of product of two functions.
is based on the diffe~entiation of product of two functions.
Rule: lfu and v be two given functions ofx, then

f UV dx ~ U f V dx - f{: (J dx)} tfx.

V

In words the above rule is stated as:

Integral of the product of two functions= (First function) x (integral of second)
- integral of [differential coefficient of the first
x integral of the second]
1.8.1. Tips for choosing first and second function :
In the rule of integration by parts :
(i) If two functions are such that we do not know the integral of one of them, then that
function whose integral we do not know, should be taken as the first function.
(iiJ If both functions are integrable, then second function should be so chosen, that
its integral is more easily integrable than that of the other function.
( iii) If one of the function is a power of x, take it as the first function, provided the other
function is integrable. If, however, the other function is not integrable, it should be
taken as the second function.
(w) If the integrand contains logarithmic or inverse trigonometric function, take it as the
first function. In all such cases, if the second function is not given, take it as unity.
(v) If the integrand contains two functions of different types, then take that function as
first which appears first in the word ILA.TE, where I stands for inverse circular
function, L stands for logarithmic function, A stands for algebraic function, T stands
for trigonometric function and E stands for exponential function.
INDliFINl I'll IN'l'ECIV\J. 1.25

SOLVED EXAMPLES

Example 1. Evaluate the following integrals :

(") f cos d.x

I X X
(ii) f x ex dx2

(iii) f log x dx (iu) f x log (1-t x) dx

Solution. (i) Let I = f x cos x dx

=x f cos x dx - f (! (x) f cos x dx) dx [Integrating by parts]
= x sin x - f 1 . sin x dx = x sin x - f sin x dx = x sin x + cos x + c.

(ii) Let I = fx 2
ex dx = x
2
f ex dx - f ( :x (x 2 ) f ex dx) dx [Integrating by parts]

= x ex -
2
f 2x ex dx
~x 2
e' - 2 [ x J e' dx - J (! (x) J e' dx) dx] [Integrating by parts again]

= x 2 ex - 2 X ex + 2 Jex dx
2
= x ex - 2x ex + 2ex + c = ex (x 2 - 2x + 2) + c.

(iii) Let I = Jlog x dx = f log x . 1 dx

= log x f dx - f !.x dx [Integrating by parts]

= x log x - f dx = x log x - x + c = x (log x - 1) + c.

(iv) Let I= J x log (l+x) dx =flog (l+x). x dx

= log (1 + x) . ~ -
2 f 1
-- .-
x2
dx [Integrating by parts]
2 l+x 2

f --dx 1 f-
2 2 2 2
1
=~ log (l+x)-- x x
=-log(l+x)-- 1+
x -- d1x -
2 2 l+x 2 2 l+x
2
1
= x log (1 + x) - .!
2 2
J(<x -1) + -l+x-) dx

=~
2
2 log (1 + x) - -1 -
2 2
[x 2
- x + log (1 + x) + c l
-_:,:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _M_A_T_H_H_M_A_T_JC_A_L_r_o_u_N_D_A_'I_JO_N_S_r_:o_R_C.:..O:..:M..:.l::..:)u:.:·,~
·E:.:.:R...::S~Cl~flr
- ,NC:!:.11
~
2 2
x x x 1
=- log (1 + x) - - + -- - -- log (1 + x) + c
2 4 2 2
= !2 (x 2 ~ 1) log (1 + x) - !.4 x 2 + .!.2 x + c.
Example 2. Evaluate :

(i) Jexcos x dx (ii) Jx 2 sin x dx (...) f

LU X 2 COS 2 X dX

Solution. (i) Let I = Jex cos x dx = Jcos x . ex dx

= cos x ex - J(- sin x) ex dx [Integrating by parts]

= cos x ex + J sin x ex dx

= cos x ex+ [sin x ex -J cos x ex dx] [Integrating again by parts]

= ex cos x + ex sin x - I
2 I = ex (cos x + sin x)
ex
⇒ I = - (sin x + cos x).
2
(ii) Let I= Jx 2 sin x dx
=x
2
Jsinxdx- J(! (x 2
)~ sinxdx))dx [Integrating by parts]

= x 2 (- cos x ) - J2x (- cos x) dx =- x 2 cos x + 2 f x cos x dx

Integrating by parts again, we have

I = - x2 cos x + 2 [ x Jcos x dx - J ! (x) Ucos x dx) dx]

= - x cos
2
x + 2x sin x - 2 Jsin x dx
= - x 2 cos X + 2x sin X + 2 cos X + C.

(iii) Let I = Jx2 cos 2 x dx =Jx2 ( 1 + c;s 2x) dx

= _!
2
fx 2 dx + _!_
2
fx 2
cos 2x dx = _!_.
2 3
£
+ _!_ 11
2
(say) ...(1)

where 11 = fx 2
cos 2x dx

sin 2x J 2x. sin 2x dx

-x 2 ___ [Integrating hy port,I
- . 2 2
 1.30 MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR COMPUTER SCIENc □
v-Ji

-- j ex (-1- + 1 Jdx 2
1-x (1-x)

=j _l
1-
__ ex dx+f
X
1
(1-x)
2 .ex dx

1 ex
=_1_ . ex - J(1-1x) 2 . ex dx + f (1-x) 2 . ex dx =-1-
- x
+ c.
1-x
[Integrating the first integral by parts]

Example 8. Evaluate J[ log (log x) + (lo: x)' ] dx ·

Solution. Let I = J[log (log x) + (log1x) 2
] dx

= J1. log (log x) dx + f (log1x) 2

dx

= x log (log x) - f -log1 -x . .!_x . x dx + f (log1x) 2

dx

[Integrating the first integral by parts]

= x log (log x) - f -log1 -x dx + f (logx)
1
2
dx

1
= x log (log x) - [ -- . x -
log x
f (log- 1x)2 . .!_x . x dx] + f (log1x)2 dx + c
= x log (log x) - -x- - I 1◄
dx + f ---1 dx + c
log x (log x)2 (log x)2

= x log (log x) - ~ + c .
log x

-
.. .. . - . - -
·········-····
••••••••••••••
1. Evaluate:
EXERCISE 1.3 ........
••••
·-·-·-•-•
- -...•-·
--.-.-•••••
(i) Jxexdx (ii) f x2 e3xdx

2. Eva]uate:
(iii) f (x + 1)2 exdx

;I
(i) f 2
x log x dx (ii) f 3 log
x 2x dx

f
: I

.,I
·I
I,
(iii)
2
(log x) dx (iv) f log (~og x) dx
 1.31
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL

3, Evaluate :

(i) f (1 +x 2
) cos 2x dx (ii) f x cos x dx
3 2

(iii) f 2 2
x sin x dx (iv) f sin ✓x dx
4, Evaluate the following integrals:

f x) dx
(i) (ii) ex (cot x + log sin x) dx (iii)
f ex ( 1 - sin
1- COS X

ex ( 2 + sin 2x) dx
(iv)
f 2 cos2 x

ANSWERS

l, (i) eX (X - 1) + C (iii) eX (x 2 + 1) + C

4
2. (i) x 2 log x - ! x2 + c (ii)
x
-
1 4
log 2x - - x + c
2 4 16
(iii) x (log x) 2 - 2x log x + 2x + c (iv) (log x) [log (log x)-1] + c

3. (i) ! (1 + x 2) sin 2x + ! x cos 2x - .! sin 2x + c (ii) !2 [x 2 sin x 2 + cos x 2] + c

2 2 4

(iii) 13
- X - -
. 2X
1X2sm 1
- -
4
X
8
. 2X + C
cos 2 X + -1sm (iv) - 2-.Jx COS ..Jx + 2 sin .[:; + C
6 4
ex X
4. (i) -+c (ii) eX log sin x + c (iii) - eX cot-+c
x2 2
ex
(iv) eX tan X + C (v) --+c (vi) eX logx + c
(2+x)

1.10. PARTIAL FRACTIONS AND THEIR USES IN INTEGRATION

When the denominator of the integrand contains factors of the first degree or
irreducible second degree, we resolve it into partial fractions and then apply the technique of
integration.
We shall now discuss briefly the method of resolution of fraction into partial fractions:
The process of splitting up of a single fraction into simpler fractions whose denominators
are the factors of the denominator of the given fraction is called the resolution of a fraction into
partial fractions.
2a 1 1 1 1
For example, ___ = - - + - - and therefore - - and - - are partial fractions
a2 -x2 a- x a+x a- x a+x
of 2a
•
a2 -x 2
INDEFINITE JNTEGRA L

Hence the given proper rational fraction can alwaya be espra and •tlae rmolita ,.,..t
fractions. The constants A, B, C, ... which occur in thenumeratonofthepart.11116ac..,._.-.n•
determined by simplifying the sum of partial fractiona and then PVUll dlllrent..,....to.s, to
obtain equations involving unknown constants or by simply comperina tbeeae..,_,.. .rllre
powers ofx.
We now proceed on to solved examples on integratiOD mak:in1 wie ofpertial 6iMCi1re

SOLVID
Type I. Denominator consisting of linear non-repeated fao&on.

Example 1. Evaluate Jx 2
x +7
+2x-8
dx .

Solution. Let I =
J 2
x+7 dx = J - -:c+7
- - - d%
x + 2x - 8 (x + 4)(:c - 2)

x+7
Now we resolve ( into partial fractions.
x+4)(x - 2)
x+7 A B
Let -----=
(x + 4)(x - 2) (x + 4)
+--
(x - 2)
Multiplying both sides by (x + 4) (x - 2), we have
x + 7 = A (x - 2) + B (x + 4)
1
Putting x=-4in(l),weget: 3=-6A ~ A=-
2
3
Putting x = 2 in (1), we get : 9 = 6B ~ B=
2
x+1 = -1 + 8
(x + 4)(.r - 2) 2{x + 4;) a(s-2)

I -- J( - 2 (x1+ 4) +2(x
-3-- -
31 • · - -
I
u lf ~•4
ca -

1 3
= - 2 log I x + 4 I + 2 I
2
x +2x+8 dx
Example 2. Evaluate I (x _ (x _ 2) • J)

Solution. Let I - J + + 8 dx -x2 2x

- (x-l)(x-2)
Here the degree of numerator is equal to th
the D1Unerat.or by denominator.
 ff

1 1
Jv'fl,11 f, lfA"'lf' Al, Jl(,.11/{IJ)/\'IJlJ/1 ) flt}/' l JMl11JJI IJt 1
,' fl'tJi I I,
I 1'1 ,(Ill

r,x I n ) ,h
f(
Hx I '~ j
J
J(1
, l j (x I) {;y iJ ' ,X ,,,( IJ
1
1,
x¼ ;:x 1 /4

hx I H ;,,1,o p11rUrd fhH.:Urmf~

N,,w w,, re1wlv1•
(x IJ(x 2J
H
(ix I H A ..(~)
2) •
l ,!.JI, 2
rx 'I ) ( X X I X

Mnltiplyinij h1>Ll1 HidriA of'(i) by <x I J (x, ~), wv gol,

Gx 1 H • A rx '.l) 1 J~ <x I)

)
1
uttini( X. I jn (:l), WC ~~!JI,: 11 -A A - 11

Putting x 2 in 1
( :1), 1
wo ge,: I(j =H

Gx I H I1 1fl
=--·!·-
(x- I) (x '.l) x-1 X 2

11 I
IH J .,hX IU1;ing(J)]
<x - 1) (x 2)

f I tlx - f <x - II
1)
rlx i·
f (x -
16
2)
dx

=x - 11 Jog I x - J I + 1n Jog I x 2 I + c.
'f'ypc JI. Denominator conHiHting of' Hneit.r facior·H, Home repeated.

:.
Example 3. kurd11,at,, : J .'Jx
2
I I rlx
(X /) ( X I ,'j)

Solution. 1,,.1, J- J II
•JX I
I
I
(
LX
(x ll<x,:o
i1x I I A B
Ii <x + a; ... rn
(x X I <x Jf x,a
Multiplying b,,th nidnH by <x 1f (x + :iJ, we get
:Sx + 1 A <x 1 J <x + :3) + B <x + a) -t C<x - 1fl, ... (2)
l'uHinH x I in (~), we get: 4 = B.<4J B=1
~

l'uttfog z :i in (2), WtJ get,: -H = C. (!H) .,, c =- I.

2
c,,,npari,,g UH; ,.,,HflicfontH ofxZ on both Hid<11:; of (2), we get

0 A tC ,, A C 1
2
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL 1.35

3x + 1 1 1 1
2
(x - 1) (x + 3)
= - - - + - - - -2(x
2 (x - 1) (x - 1) 2
- -•1 -
3)

I= f (- -1 - + -1- - - -l - l
2(x - l) (x - 1)2 2(.r. •I :3)
d'-

= .!. f _J_ dx + J
2 x -1
dx - }_ J
1
(x - 1) 2
2
1
(x + 3)
dx

1 1 1
= - log I x - 1 I - - - -2 log I x + 3 I + c.
2 x-1
2
x + X +J
Example 4. Integrate :
f (x-3) 3
dx.

Solution. Let I= sx 2
+x+ldx
(x - 3) 3

x 2 + x+ 1 A B C
Let 3 =--+--- +---
(x - 3) x-3 (x-3) 2 (x-3) 3
Multiplying both sides by (x - 3)3 , we get
x2 + x + l = A (x - 3)2 + B(x - 3) + C
= A(x 2 - 6x + 9) + B (x -3) + C ... (1)
2
Com paring the coefficients of x , x and constant terms respectively on both sides, we have
1 = A; 1 =- 6A + B; 1 = 9A - 3B + C
⇒ A= 1, B = 7, C = 13

f( ~3+ ~
3
1
= x (x 3) 2 + (x ~ 3)3 dx J
= f _I_ dx + 7 f
x - 3
l
(x - 3)
2
dx + 13 J 1
(x - 3) 3
dx

= log I x - 3 I + 7 (- -
X -
-J ~
1
3
+
2
[-
(X -
1
3) 2
J+ c
7 13
= log Ix - 3 I- - - - - - - -2 + c.
X - 3 2 (x - 3)
TYPe Ill. Denominator consisting of non-linear factors.

Example 5. Evaluate: f (x + l) ~x + 2 1) .

dx
Solution. Let I-
f + .+
- (x 1)2 (x2 1)
INDEFINITE fN'fEGl<J\L 1.1'/

I = .!_
3
Ja rll t'I,
0 -
1,',)1"' : f ,1,
/Ix u
X
I
1

I o}1 f· l
=- . ., Iog 'J 1 ,;
a 2.a'' rt' - t
Example 2. Evaluate :

(i) f dx
2
(")f
U, - rlx (iu) f JxfJ 1 rLx
x:t
(iv)
f J1
H~~
2
X d
X
✓4x -9 ✓1+1x 2 1 I [(J,n
2
X

Solution. (i) j _dx

~ ~J - dx 1f dx
...;4x
2
- 9 2 rxz 9 2 J (2, )u
2 •J
~; 4 X

= _!_
2
log x+
f~[;9"
-4 t c1 [ ·: f -✓x2dx • a2
log I x + P a2 I I· c]

dx dx lf dx
(ii)
J ✓1+4x 2
=
f 2~ ·+ X2 =2 ~1)+
2
X2
4 2

1 2
=~log x+{ +x +c1
2 4
[·: J ✓x2dx , =loglx+ ✓x 2 +a l+c]
+ a2
2

1 2x + ✓1+4x 2 1 / 2
=-log - - - - - + c1 =-log I 2x + -v1+4x I+ c.
2 2 2

(iii) Let I= f .Jxax + 4 dx = f .j(x3)2 + 4 dx

2
-;====
x2

1
Put x 3 = t so that 3x2 dx = dt ⇒ x 2 dx = -dt
3

[
Form: f✓ dx ]
X2 + a2

= _!_ log I t + ~ I + c =!. log I x 3 + .J x 6 + 4 I + c.

3 3
1.40 MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCIJ
~-,
2
(iv) Let I= J sec x dx
.J4 2
+ tan x
Put tan x =t so that sec 2 x dx =dt
I = f
dt =log It+ .J4 +t 2 I+ c =log I tan x +.J4 +tan 2 x I+ c.
✓4 + t 2
Example 3. Evaluate :

(i) f ✓3x 2 +4 dx (ii) f .J4x 2

-5 dx (iii) f .J
x
x2
2
+1
dx

Solution. (i) Let I = J✓3x 2 + 4 dx

[Form: .Ja 2 + x2 ]

= X .Jsx2 +4 +~ log .Jax+ .Jsx2 +4 +c.

2 ✓3 ✓3

(ii) Let
l= J,/4x -5dx=2f ✓ (x•-!)dx
2

=2 JJx• -( ~r dx [Form: ,Jx 2 -a 2 I

=2[x2V;x;~
-4 -~log
8 x+ -4 ]+
vxr;-s- C

- x .J4x2 - 5 5
- - - ' - - - - - log
2x+ ✓4x2 -5
2 4 2 + c.

(iii) Let I = f x2 dx =
2
f x2 + 1-1 dx
.Jx +1 .Jx 2 +l

= f
2
x +l
~ dx -
f~
dx
=
f ,--;--
x2 + 1 dx - f -..J dx
'\}X-+1 X +1 ~1
-..Jx- + l
rst)ff1NITE )NT[GRAt

=
xJx2
2
+1 1
-. 2 log I .t '.r.2 ~ 1 I - log I x

x ✓x 1 ~1 1
= 2 - 2 log x ~ 'xi! 1 I c.

t.l 1.1. 1'o evaluate integrals of the form f 0-l

,j_.-1: __ and
~ b._,: + c
f ~•ps+ bs
+q

Example 4. En1.luate
dx
(i.
J X -'- 2.x - 4 cu I 6.: J-

dx
Solution. h) Let I !a:
J x2 2.r - 4
dx d:c
= J .l: +2.x .. 1-5 J (,: n.? - tJs>
1 I x~l-.J5
= - - og - - - - +c.
2-./5 x+l- ✓5

u
f 1-6:X

1
=- - - - l o g
1 (~)++~] +c
9 (✓ 2 l
2 i - x+ -
3 3

1 1 ✓2 +
=-log
6✓ 2
+ c = Ji log Ji
~)- 6

Example I. &KJJuale . JJ8-2x4x+ -1 X

2 dx

2z + 1 .J-
Solution• Let I• J 18-4X X
21,U
1.42 MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR COMPUTER SCIENr•
'-C-JJ

Let 2x+l = A~(18-4x-x 2 )+B=A(-4-2x)+B

dx
Equating the coefficients of x and constant terms on both sides, we have
2 = - 2A ⇒ A= - 1 and 1 = - 4A + B ⇒ B=- 3
2.~ + 1 = - 1(- 4- 2x)- 3
-1 (- 4 - 2x) - 3
I =
f 18 - 4x - X 2
dx

- -2xdx-3 f dx
- -
-
I -18--4-
- 4x - x 2
18 - 4x - x 2

dx
=- log I 18 - 4x - x I - 3 f
2
2
18 + 4-(x + 4x+4)
dx
=- log I 18 - 4x - x I - 3
2
f cm>2-(x+2) 2

= - log I 18 - 4x - x2 I - 3 log m + (x + 2) + c.
2m /22 - (x+2)
1.11.2. To evaluate integrals of the form f dx and J px + q dx
.J 2
ax + bx + c .J 2
ax + bx + c
Example 6. Evaluate :

(i) f 2
dx (ii) f dx
.Jx - 3x + 2
.J2x 3x -2
2
+
Solution. (i) Let I=f dx =f dx

Vf( x2 - 9J 9
2
~x -3x+2
3x + 4 + 2 - 4

=f ✓(x-¾J'-! =f ✓(x-%):-(½J
=log (x- ~J+J(x- ~r ! +c

+ c.

(ii) Let I - f
- J2x
dx
--;::=====
2
-
+ 3x - 2 -
J
✓2 ✓
1
2
dx
3
X +-X -1
2
•=- 1.43
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL

dx

+c

1 4x + 3 / 2 3
= ✓2 log + Vx + 1 +c
4 2x -
Example 7. Evaluate: f x+
6
dx
7
✓x -9x+20
2

.
Solution. Let I = f =+
- ; =6x 7
=== dx
.Jx2 - 9x + 20

Let 6x + 7 = A !!:.._ (x 2 - 9x + 20) + B = A(2x - 9) + B

dx
Equating the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides, we have
2A = 6 and - 9A + B = 7 t
⇒ A = 3 and B = 7 + 9A = 7 + 27 = 34
6x + 7 = 3(2x - 9) + 34 f

1= f 3 (2x - 9) + 34 dx t
✓x 2 -9x+20 't
-- 3 f 2
x-
9
dx + 34 f ..j dx = 3 I 1 + 34 I 2 (say) ...(1)
[
✓x 2 -9x+20 2
x -9x+20

Now, I1 -
- f ✓x
2x-9
---;=====
2 -9x+20
dx I!
Put x 2 - 9x + 20 = t so that (2x - 9) dx = dt

Also, 11 = J-t-=f
d
r 112
tl/2
dt=--+c 1 =2✓t +c1 =2x -9x+20+c1
..j 2 I
tl/2 1/ 2

f .j ~ f ~
I2 -
-
--;:::==== -
x 2 - 9x + 20 - J( x2 - 2 . 9
2 . x + 81)
4 - 481 + 20
 4x 2
-9x+20 +c2

•• [Using(l)J

+eds

[Form: Jx2 +a2 ]

(2)2 I+ C

e.
1111

1.45

Now, 11 = J (2x+l)(x 2 +x+1) 112 dx

Mt~ ♦ x + 1 = t ao that (~ + 1) dx = dt
3 2
I1 • Jt 1/1
dt =-3/2 + Ci =-32 t3l2 + Ci -
t ' 2
- (.:ell
3
+ X + 1)8/2 + Ct

~ = JJx 2 +x+ 1dx = J (x +x+¼)-¼+1

2
dx

= f (u !)" +¾dx J (x+ ff +(-ir dx

= (Fonn: ✓,c2+a•1

= [( ;!.) ( !r x+ + : + : log ( r+ !) + ( r+ !r +: ] + •·

= 2x +
4
1
Jx 2 + x+ 1 +!log
8
(x + .!.)
2
+ ✓x + x+ 1
2
+ c2

I• l-[i<ir" +x+ 812

1) ]- ~[ 2Jc +l
4
J:r• +:r+ 1 +: log ( :r + !) + J:r• + :r+ 1 ]+c
[Usurg(l))

.c.,a + s + 1)111 - 7
8
(2.r + 1) ✓.r3 + .r + 1 -
21
18
log (s + !.)2 + ✓x 2
+ .r + 1 + e.

(ii) I tis
1-4.r2
(...) J
Ill
dx
32-2.x
2

(. .) J
m cu
Jt6%2 + 25

(ili) IJ ~3 d%
s'-•'
vsss &™111J§J §®&R§i§#f§§§§§?:i:i'4i5i6¥:§iPi» ss s•,s o

1.46 MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR COMPUTER sae

Nc1:,.11

6. Evaluate :

C)j dx (")
f Jx
dx ( ..')
f
dx
(iv) f X +2
i ✓x - 4x + 2
2 ii 2 + 6x + 5 m .J2x 2 +3x+4 ✓ 2
X + 2x + 3
-=d."C

7. Evaluate the following integrals:

(i) J✓x 2 -4x+2 dx (ii) f .J2x +3x+4 dx 2 (iii) f (2x + 3) .Jx +4x +3 dx
2

ANSWERS

1 2 I I+c
1. (i) _.!_ I
log 3x - 1 + c I (ii) ..!. log 1 + x +c I 1
(iii) -log
16
4+x
- -
4-x
6 3x+l 4 1-2x

2. (i) log I x + .J 4 + x 2 I + c (ii) _.!_ log I 2x + .J4x 2 - 1 I + c (iii)

2
¼log I4x + ✓16x 2 + 25 I+ c
3. (i) ¼log I2x 2 +J4x 4 - 9 I+ c (ii) ½log Ix 3 + ✓x 6 -11 + c (iii) ½log I x 3 + ✓x 6 - a6 I+ c
4. ( i) x ✓16x 2 +25 25 4x + ✓25 + 16x
+- 1og ------'----
2
+c
2 8 4

x I 2 49 4x + ./16x 2 -49
(ii) - \fl6x -49 •- - log - - - - - + c
2 8 4

1
5. (i) _!_ log
4
Ix+
3-x
1+c (ii) -1 log I -
2x +
- 11 + c
8 2x + 5

... ) 1 I ✓2 + 3x + 1
(m r;:; og r;:;
6v2 v2 -3x -1
+c (iv) log I x2 - x - 2I+ 2 log Ix - 21 + c
x+l

6. (i) I
log (x-2) +.Jx 2
- 4x + 2 I+ c (ii) log I(x + 3) + .J x 2 + 6x + 5 I + c

(iii) ,k log (x+¾)+Jx 2 +%x+2 +c (iv) Jx 2 + 2x + 3 + log I(x + 1) + Jx2 + 2x + 31 + c

2
7. (i) x; .Jx 2 - J
4x + 2-log I(x -2) + x 2 -4x + 21 + c

(L.•i) - + 3 ✓2x2 + 3x+ 4 +23✓

4x - --2 Iog x+-+
3 ✓ x 2 +-x+2
3
8 32 4 2 +C

· · ') 2 (x 2
(ui + 4x + 3 )3 / 2 - 1 [( x + 2)x
,/ 2 + 4x
+ 3 - log I(x + 2) + ,jx2 + 4x + 3 I] + c
3 2